Reinventing Personal Urban Mobility: EN-V (Electric Networked Vehicle)

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1 Reinventing Personal Urban Mobility: EN-V (Electric Networked Vehicle) Dr. Chris Borroni-Bird Director, Advanced Technology Vehicle Concepts (and EN-V Program), General Motors

2 Challenges to Sustainable Auto Industry Energy Environment Safety Affordability

3 Megatrends: Urbanization and Aging Source: UN Population Division

4 New York City: Personal Vehicle Ownership New York City: vehicle ownership by borough Declined across NYC between Lowest in the high population density Manhattan Highest in low population density Staten Island Source: NYDOT % of households owning vehicles

5 Developing cities are the most densely populated Population density (people/hectare) Source: Alain Bertaud (2002) London New York Shanghai Source: Mats Andersson, World Bank (2005)

6 Top 20 Megacities Regional Transportation Policies Delhi Mumbai Beijing Shanghai Moscow Seoul New York London Tokyo Bus Rapid Transit Lanes Metro/Subway 2011 Congestion Charging Planned Planned Future Planned Future Parking Cuts Road use Charging/Ban Yes 1 Week Day Ban 1 week Day Ban 1 Week Day Ban* Future EV/Hybrid Incentives Bicycle Lanes CAFE Energy and Environmental Euro 4 Euro 4 Euro 4 Euro 4 Standards Not planned Existing currently * Voluntary no road usage incentive Euro 3 Euro 4 by 2012 Euro mpg by mpg by 2016 Euro 4 Euro 5 by % reduction by 2015 Source: Frost and Sullivan

7 Challenges to Sustainable Auto Industry Energy Environment Safety Accessibility Congestion Parking Urban Mobility

8 Same for 100 years

9 What Type of Car does the City need? City Objectives No Pollution (air, noise) Renewable energy sources Safety for All road users Faster, more predictable travel times Reduced parking space requirements Accessibility for All Beautiful Urban Design Electrification and Connectivity Future Car Future City

10 CURRENT DNA New Automotive DNA NEW DNA Energized by Petroleum Powered Mechanically by Internal Combustion Engine Controlled Mechanically Energized by Electricity and Hydrogen Powered Electrically by Electric Motors Controlled Electronically

11 Vehicle Application Map

12 CURRENT DNA New Automotive DNA NEW DNA Energized by Petroleum Powered Mechanically by Internal Combustion Engine Controlled Mechanically Energized by Electricity and Hydrogen Powered Electrically by Electric Motors Controlled Electronically Stand-alone Connected Total Dependence on the Driver Semi/Full Autonomous Driving

13 Autonomous Approach and Features Automated parking/retrieval using smartphone Vehicle platooning between EN-Vs Collision Avoidance with other EN-Vs and with people

14 CURRENT DNA New Automotive DNA NEW DNA Energized by Petroleum Powered Mechanically by Internal Combustion Engine Controlled Mechanically Energized by Electricity and Hydrogen Powered Electrically by Electric Motors Controlled Electronically Stand-alone Connected Total Dependence on the Driver Vehicle Sized for Maximum Use People and Cargo Semi/Full Autonomous Driving Vehicle Tailored to Specific Use

15 EN-V: Comparison with conventional cars A typical car A typicalen -V* Mass (kg) 1, Occupancy (# seats) 6 2 Footprint (m 2 ) 10 3 Maximum speed (km/h) Propulsion output (kw) Driving range (km) Energy consumption (Wh/km) 1, Well-to-wheels CO 2 emissions (g /km), based on US electricity mix * Not the exact performance of current EN-V

16 Reinventing the Automobile for Urban Mobility (EN-V) Design Ultra-small vehicle is easy to maneuver and park and is inherently affordable and clean Small vehicle is easy to park at public transport stations, encouraging more use of public transport Electrification Battery propulsion provides zero emissions and encourages diverse, renewable energy sources Electric Vehicles can be charged at key locations, such as public transport stations, and parking lots Reinventing Personal Urban Mobility Connectivity Wireless communications helps to avoid collisions and optimize throughput Wireless communications can co-ordinate with public transport or can help to locate nearest vehicle

17 The EN-V vision is Freedom Freedom from pollution Freedom from petroleum Freedom from accidents Freedom of movement Freedom of expression

18 EN-V: A Design Renaissance

19 Summary Automobile usage in cities is common because it has some valued advantages over walking/cycling and over public transport For urban use, today s automobile is over-engineered By reinventing the automobile, it is possible to preserve its benefits (safety, security, comfort, convenience, utility, freedom of route and schedule) while significantly reducing the side-effects in urban use (energy, environment, safety, congestion, parking, affordability, accessibility) The same enablers (electrification, connectivity and vehicle design) can also create new opportunities for seamlessly integrating personal and public transport

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21 In memory of Professor Bill Mitchell ( )