Global Energy Opportunities Electricity for sustainable energy Elkraftdagen Chalmers Göteborg March 24, 2015 Bo Normark
Power Circle Power Circle is a broad stakeholder organization founded by the Royal Academy of Engineering, Swedish Energy Agency and the Swedish Government 10 years ago.. Power Circle's objective is to strengthen the electrical industry and thereby support the development of a sustainable energy system
Power Circle today Networking Knowledge Demonstration Influencing Smart Grid E-Mobility RES
Global trends Electrification of the energy sector
Development of final energy demand
Development of electricity demand
EU Energy Roadmap 2050 All scenarios show electricity will have to play a much greater role.. Source: EU Energy Roadmap 2050
Electrification in focus
Electrification one key to sustainable development Example Sweden
Electricity The White Coal Electrification started already 1893
Development of electricity in Sweden Competition Market power Innovations Efficiency Growth Producers power Pioneering Innovations Public support RES Heat Pumps EV, PHEV Smart Grids 1900 1940 Pioneering phase Expansion phase 1970 2000 Market phase 2030 New pioneering phase
Sweden sustainable growth 1970-2013 Population + 15% GDP per person + 100 % Electricity consumption + 130 % Biofuel consumption + 150 % Final Energy consumption - 5 % CO-2 emissions - 50 % Oil consumption - 60 % Electricity from 15% to 35% of energy use Biofuel from 12 % to 30% of energy use
Energy efficiency by electrification
Hedge Trimmer Electricity up to 40 X more efficient Typ Weight kg Power W Efficiency % Energy kwh/hour Gasoline 5,2 600 12 1,3 El-grid 2,3 400 90 0,1 El- Battery 2,3 120 >90 0,03
Electricity is more efficient. kwh/ perskm 0,7 0,6 0,5 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,1 0 Train EV Diesel Car Gasoline Car 1) Energy consumption and related air pollution for Scandinavian electric passenger trains, Report KTH/AVE 2006:46; 40 % beläggning 2) 2 pers / bil
Transformation of the Electricity System in EU
Transformation of EU energy system Ny electricity generation 2000-2014 Källa: EWEA 2013
Net change EU electricity generation 2000 2014
But we also need grids
Energy challenges and smart grid Smart grid is the collection of new technology, functionality and regulation on the electricity market that cost-effectively enables integration and use of renewable electricity production, contributes to power reduction during peak load, results in more efficient energy consumption, and creates conditions for more active customers including the implementation of demand response. Flexibility is key Production changes at a faster time scale than the network can adapt using existing technology Large uncertainty about the role and duty of electricity networks / network operators in the future Smart grid is not an aim in itself but offers a rational way to meet these challenges and to develop a cleaner and more efficient energy supply Source: Swedish Smartfrid
Private investments in energy, Germany More than 50 % of renewable generation privately owned Producing 5-6 % of all electricity
Private investments in energy, Sweden More than 1.2 million heat pumps privately owned Producing 5-6 % of all energy used No data, est tot 120.000 Units per year
Technological development
Efficiency gains for PV Solar
Best in class refrigerator 700 600 600 Average Power 8 W 500 400 400 300 250 200 100 150 75 0 1980 1990 2000 2005 2012
Cost / Efficency LED Light Source: DOE April 2014
Next generation semiconductors SiC
Cost development Li-Ion batteries Year 2000 cost 2500 $ / kwh
Disruptive battery technologies beyond 2020 From 140 Wh/kg to 1000 Wh/kg
Five years development of EV:s -What can you buy for 360.000 kr? Think City 2009 Seats: 2 Lenght: 314 cm Max speed:113 km/h 0-100km/h: 16 s. Range: 161 km Power: 34kW (46hk) Equipment: No AC, No servo, el heating, no active safety VW e-golf 2014 Seats: 5 Lenght:425 cm Max speed: 140 km/h 0-100km/h: 10,4 s. Range:190 km Power: 85 kw (115hk) Equipment: ACC, servo, heat pump, activesafety, LED-light.
Five years development of Smartphones -What can you buy for 5.000 kr? 2009 Iphone 2014 Iphone
Selfdriving Cars the real revolution in mobility?
Innovations
Introduktion to Asea (ABB) in 1971
Disruptive technology change from, mercury arc valves and analog technology..
To, semiconductors
And, digital technology Start-up company in California, Intel Founded by two dropouts from Fairchind Semiconductors Launched first microprocessor in 1971
Innovate or die? Intel Q3-2013 Sales 13,5 BUS$ Net Profit 3,0 BUS$ Fairchild Q3-2013 Sales 0,36 BUS$ Net profit 0,012 BUS$
Don t underestimate the ability of traditional companies to innovate
KIC InnoEnergy 6 Co-location Centres 6 Thematic areas 41
Modular PV + storage solution
Cyber Security is crucial for smart grids and threats are real and increasing Situation Development 2009-13 Sample news and data 2014 Development of identified and reported incidents from energy companies* +166% CAGR 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 * Source: The Industrial Control Systems Cyber Emergency Response Team (ICS-CERT) Energy companies in the US. 43
CorPower s Wave Energy Converter Mass production of small compact units drives down cost. Low iner a, effec ve phase control high capacity factor. Distributed energy Pneu-mechanical production with many small units, giving fault tolerant and predictable output to grid. Phase control 5 x energy density Efficient support and maintenance scheme. Quick and simple install/de-install with standard vessels, enabling low maintenance cost. Relatively low investment cost per unit, lowering entry barriers. (cost of evaluation / capacity expansion of farms). Small & light devices drive train (PTO) Energy density (power per m3 and kg) multiple times higher than competing wave power devices. * (5-30x) Total cost per kw targeted to be commercially viable on the global energy market, without subsidising.* (2-5x) Effective install * Design, calculations and assumptions behind the exceptionally high energy density and low cost per kw being and O&M audited in verification projects involving KTH expertise and external engineering firms during Q2-Q3 2012. CorPower Ocean High Efficiency Wave Power page 44
Deep Green How It Works 75% of tidal current energy is in the upper 50% of the water column Specifications Wing Span Rotor Diameter Tether Length Rated Power 12 Meters 1m 65m or more 500kw @ 1.6m/s A tether attaches the turbine to the seabed and delivers electricity to the grid The figure-of-8 flight path is controlled by a rudder attached to the plant Desired Velocity 1,4 m/s or more Installation Depth 50 m or more Devices/km2 18-26 Weight 7 tons The velocity of water through the turbine is significantly higher than the velocity of the tidal current. As there is a cubic relationship between speed and energy, this leads to a large increase in electricity production 26/03/2015 45
Summary ElectrificationandInnovation are a key element in the energy transformation Disruptive Technologies will transform industries IT and Power coming together More choice for Power Engineers Electrification of energy use-cars, appliances. New technologies for smart grids New technologies for production
We want you as a power engineer!