Sodium Sulfur Battery. ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM for Reducing CO2 Emissions

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1 Sodium Sulfur Battery ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM for Reducing CO2 Emissions

2 Sodium Sulfur Battery For the Future of Our Planet NGK s NAS system is now generating momentum for saving energy and renewable energy The NAS energy storage system supports the use of environmentally friendly sources of energy. Efficient Operation of Fossil Generation NAS makes possible Optimum Use of Renewable Reducing the Use of Fossil Fuel NGK's ceramic technology is at the heart of our high efficiency large-scale energy storage system Overturning the conventional wisdom that "electricity cannot be stored", NGK's environmentally friendly NAS system has high efficiency and high reliability, and is the world leader in large-scale energy storage systems. Reducing CO2 Emissions Meeting Climate Change Obligations

3 Superior Function and Performance Reference Installations Stabilizing renewable forms of energy, reducing energy costs, improving the efficiency of electricity generation, and with many other applications, the NAS system provides the electric power solutions that our society and the environment now demand. Japan Wind Development Co., Ltd. 200 MW (,200 MWh) more than 6 hours a day rated output multi-megawatt energy storage 34 MW NAS alongside 5 MW Wind Farm High High Density Storage System Fast Response NEDO (New and Industrial Technology Development Organization) Hokkaido Electric Co., Inc..5 MW NAS alongside 5 MW Solar PV Array 3 times energy density of conventional battery (/3 space footprint) Response Time : 2 milliseconds Comparison of Batteries Output and duration Li-Ion Battery for EV 0h h Ni-H Battery (Hybrid Car) Large Scale Storage hour Comparison Table Item Battery Continuous Duration with rated output NAS (Base) 6 hours Lead-Acid (Current) 2 hours AEP (American Electric ) Lithium Ion 3 hours Ni-H 2 hours Time 0min 5min Lead -acid Battery (Automobile NAS min Expected Lifetime (at standard conditions) Size MWh(MW6h) Weight MWh(MW6h) Price MWh5years 5 years 3 to 5 years 3 times 3 to 5 times 0 years 2 times 2 times 8 times 7 years 3 times 0 Li-Ion Battery Handphone,PC) MW Capacitor Fly Wheel Output Self No Yes Yes Notes Memory Effect No No No Note:These data are typical values and change by the manufacturers Yes Yes

4 Applications ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM for Reducing CO2 Emissions Stabilizing Intermittent Renewable Although renewable energy resources are environmentally beneficial; the variable output of wind, solar and wave generation causes voltage and frequency fluctuations on the power network. NAS system smoothes the output from these resources, bringing increased benefits to society. Wind 0 2 Solar 24 Time Smoothing Shift Flat Time Output for Grid Wind + NAS Output for Grid Solar + NAS Smart Grid NAS system can have a vital role for Smart Grid to stabilize all generations and grid system. Xcel Wind Farm, in USA Time Time Large Scale Storage Substation Applications NAS system stores energy during off-peak periods and discharges at peak periods. The NAS system can replace other types of peaking generation or standby plant to meet growth in peak demand or replace retiring plants. Gas Consumption Wt-CO2/Output CO2 Emission Ratio Generator Minimizing Fuel Consumption Reducing CO2 Emissions 00% Rated Operation Shift Peak Shaving Economical base load by GT at Rated Wind Farm Micro-turbines Industrial plants Mega Solar AEP (American Electric ) Substation, in USA Generator Output (%) CO2 emission is minimized at constant 00% output operation Time Gas turbine (GT) operates at constant load with lower running costs Houses Fuel cells Ancillary Services NAS system can optimize the use of power infrastructure assets. NAS system can provide fast acting reserves (spinning reserve), standby reserves, black start and frequency regulation control without the emissions of conventional generating plant. Unstable Network Frequency Up Quantity of Generation Fast Reserve by NAS Stable Network 2 min before need Ramp Speed 50MW within 0 sec Frequency 50±0.5Hz Time Offices Central power plant Supply Up Fast Response : 0 to 00% wit hin 0second High Output : Up to 20 0MW Supply Substation, in Japan Balancing demand and supply

5 NAS Typical System Rated Output Rated Input Rated Capacity Construction 2,000 kw 2,000 kw 2,000 kwh 50 kw Module 40 Units 50kW Module Maintenance Space 2,000 kw NAS 2 sets 86 tonnes each 2,000 kw Conversion System Step up Transformer Circuit Breaker (9 tonnes ) (Customer) Dimension : mm Weight : metric tonnes Life Expectancy Expected Life Time : 5 years (4,500 cycles) Environmental The battery cells are sealed and there are no emissions in operation. Operation and Maintenance Easy Maintenance : Periodic inspection every 3 years Care has been taken to ensure that the information contained in this brochure is correct at the time of printing. NGK is committed to ongoing design and development and the right is reserved to amend or modify the information as required. NAS Division, Business Group 2-56 Suda-cho, Mizuho, Nagoya, JAPAN Tel +8-(0) Fax +8-(0) This report was printed on FSC-approved paper (produced using chlorine-free bleach and wood harvested from managed forests) with soy ink containing very low levels of volatile organic compounds (VOC). Filmless and waterless printing methods, which produce no hazardous liquids and use no water, were utilized for actual printing. Rev.3 April K