Technical Vcatinal Educatin and Training Systems in Kenya Jacb Oml Nairbi Safari Club May 21, 2013 A Paper Presented at FES/IEA Cnference n Vcatinal Training Systems in Kenya 1
Outline Backgrund TVET Systems in Kenya Key Plicy Issues 2
Backgrund Kenya aspires t achieve natinal ecnmic, scial and plitical transfrmatin by 2030 Sustainable develpment depends n natinal ability t acquire, share and apply apprpriate knwledge and skills TVET is the bedrck fr the natinal transfrmatin Studies have cnfirmed clse nexus between TVET, emplyment, ecnmic grwth and scial prtectin TVET impacts n scial inclusin, emplyability and rganizatinal cmpetitiveness TVET is critical t achievement f V-2030 gals 3
TVET Systems in Kenya-Evlutin Histry f frmal skills training in Kenya dates t 1924 Native Industrial Training Deprt (NITD) established at Kabete Later, Cathlic Missinaries established trade schls in Kaibi and Maweg Gvernment established Thika, Meru, Machaks and Sigalagala t ffer 2-year pst primary artisan training After independence, the institutins cnverted t natinal technical secndary schls Later (1985) upgraded t TTIs (8-4-4) 4
TVET Systems in Kenya-Surces TVET is prvided thrugh state and nn-state surces: Natinal Plytechnics: Technical Training Institutes Institutes f Technlgy Industrial Training Centres Plytechnic University Clleges Natinal Yuth Service GTIs (Kenya Schl f Gvernment), + (MOA; MH; RTI ) Nn-gvernment rganizatins and private sectr als prvide TVET Several private TVET institutins (Private, NGOs, CBOs, FBOs ) 5
TVET Systems in Kenya-Prgramme Structure 1. TTIs: lng-term pst-secndary training 2. YPs: pst-primary S/M/L training (up t 2 yrs) Training geared twards trade test certificatin and artisan qualificatin 3. NYS (16 training Institutins): 2 years paramilitary training and service in public wrks Successful students admitted int different training prgrammes-certificate, Diplma, Artisan trade testing Curricula by Kenya Institute f Curriculum Devt (KIE) What f thse wh d nt wish t g thrugh paramilitary training?/thse in emplyment? 6
TVET Systems in Kenya-Prgramme Structure NITA Manages prgrammes and system parallel t that f frmal TVET Offers frmal apprenticeships, industrial skills upgrading and trade testing Oversees natinal trade testing system Jua Kali peratrs: ffer n-the-jb training 7
TVET Systems in Kenya-Number Institutin/Year 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Change (N.) Yuth Plytechnics 574 576 579 582 585 +11 Institutes f Technlgy 22 23 17 14 14-8 Technical Training 23 24 19 26 26 +3 Institutes Natinal Plytechnics 4 4 2 2 2-2 Plytechnic University Clleges - - 2 2 2 +2 (Nt New) Ttal 623 627 619 626 629 +6 8
E n r l l m e n t ( N u m b e r ) 40000 35000 30000 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 0 TVET Systems in Kenya-Enrlment Natinal Plytechnics Technical Training Institutes Institutes f Technlgy Yuth Plytechnics Natinal Yuth Service 34986 33104 31344 29697 29974 25017 22920 21284 22437 22878 22008 20427 20335 16467 15778 18786 9880 10575 10733 10893 7378 5167 5192 3792 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Year 9
Key Issues TVET curriculum and structure nt matched t industry needs (supply rientatin) Equipment: inadequate, state f disrepair, bslete Trainers: inadequate skills/experience/limited expsure with industry/mdern technlgy Quality assurance mechanism-weak: pr curriculum delivery Certificatin nt standardized: challenge t cnsumers f TVET prducts Weak cllabratin/linkages between TVET institutins: hinders mbility f trainers/credit transfer Research capacity f trainers lw: limits research and innvatin Nt cnceived as cmpnents f cmprehensive Emplyment Plicies and Strategies 10
Plicy Issues Skewed skill mix in favur f Prfessinals and Technicians Public Sectr Rati f Prfessinals : Technicians and Assciate Prfessinals : Craft and Related Trades Wrkers is 14:40:1 (Meaning?) Rati f Technicians and Assciate Prfessinals: Craft and Related Trades Wrkers : Machine Operatrs and Assemblers is 40:1:2 Private Sectr Rati f Prfessinals : Technicians and Assciate Prfessinals : Craft and Related Trades Wrkers is 134:138:100 (Meaning?) Rati f Technicians and Assciate Prfessinals: Craft and Related Trades Wrkers : Machine Operatrs and Assemblers is 138:100:172 Internatinal Benchmark?? 1:15:45 (Managers: Technicians: Supprt) Implicatin: Blated Managerial/Prfessinal cadres cmpared t technical and supprt staff cadres Status attributed t: Freeze n emplyment (lwer cadre) Imprved terms and cnditins f emplyment in public sectr (attractin/retentin/lw incentives fr exit?) Cntracting ut f supprt services High multi-skilling and multi-tasking traits in private sectr Tendency by sme private sectr emplyers t attach managerial titles even t emplyees in nn-managerial ccupatins 11
THANK YOU 12