Technical Vocational Education and Training Systems in Kenya

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1 Technical Vcatinal Educatin and Training Systems in Kenya Jacb Oml Nairbi Safari Club May 21, 2013 A Paper Presented at FES/IEA Cnference n Vcatinal Training Systems in Kenya 1

2 Outline Backgrund TVET Systems in Kenya Key Plicy Issues 2

3 Backgrund Kenya aspires t achieve natinal ecnmic, scial and plitical transfrmatin by 2030 Sustainable develpment depends n natinal ability t acquire, share and apply apprpriate knwledge and skills TVET is the bedrck fr the natinal transfrmatin Studies have cnfirmed clse nexus between TVET, emplyment, ecnmic grwth and scial prtectin TVET impacts n scial inclusin, emplyability and rganizatinal cmpetitiveness TVET is critical t achievement f V-2030 gals 3

4 TVET Systems in Kenya-Evlutin Histry f frmal skills training in Kenya dates t 1924 Native Industrial Training Deprt (NITD) established at Kabete Later, Cathlic Missinaries established trade schls in Kaibi and Maweg Gvernment established Thika, Meru, Machaks and Sigalagala t ffer 2-year pst primary artisan training After independence, the institutins cnverted t natinal technical secndary schls Later (1985) upgraded t TTIs (8-4-4) 4

5 TVET Systems in Kenya-Surces TVET is prvided thrugh state and nn-state surces: Natinal Plytechnics: Technical Training Institutes Institutes f Technlgy Industrial Training Centres Plytechnic University Clleges Natinal Yuth Service GTIs (Kenya Schl f Gvernment), + (MOA; MH; RTI ) Nn-gvernment rganizatins and private sectr als prvide TVET Several private TVET institutins (Private, NGOs, CBOs, FBOs ) 5

6 TVET Systems in Kenya-Prgramme Structure 1. TTIs: lng-term pst-secndary training 2. YPs: pst-primary S/M/L training (up t 2 yrs) Training geared twards trade test certificatin and artisan qualificatin 3. NYS (16 training Institutins): 2 years paramilitary training and service in public wrks Successful students admitted int different training prgrammes-certificate, Diplma, Artisan trade testing Curricula by Kenya Institute f Curriculum Devt (KIE) What f thse wh d nt wish t g thrugh paramilitary training?/thse in emplyment? 6

7 TVET Systems in Kenya-Prgramme Structure NITA Manages prgrammes and system parallel t that f frmal TVET Offers frmal apprenticeships, industrial skills upgrading and trade testing Oversees natinal trade testing system Jua Kali peratrs: ffer n-the-jb training 7

8 TVET Systems in Kenya-Number Institutin/Year Change (N.) Yuth Plytechnics Institutes f Technlgy Technical Training Institutes Natinal Plytechnics Plytechnic University Clleges (Nt New) Ttal

9 E n r l l m e n t ( N u m b e r ) TVET Systems in Kenya-Enrlment Natinal Plytechnics Technical Training Institutes Institutes f Technlgy Yuth Plytechnics Natinal Yuth Service Year 9

10 Key Issues TVET curriculum and structure nt matched t industry needs (supply rientatin) Equipment: inadequate, state f disrepair, bslete Trainers: inadequate skills/experience/limited expsure with industry/mdern technlgy Quality assurance mechanism-weak: pr curriculum delivery Certificatin nt standardized: challenge t cnsumers f TVET prducts Weak cllabratin/linkages between TVET institutins: hinders mbility f trainers/credit transfer Research capacity f trainers lw: limits research and innvatin Nt cnceived as cmpnents f cmprehensive Emplyment Plicies and Strategies 10

11 Plicy Issues Skewed skill mix in favur f Prfessinals and Technicians Public Sectr Rati f Prfessinals : Technicians and Assciate Prfessinals : Craft and Related Trades Wrkers is 14:40:1 (Meaning?) Rati f Technicians and Assciate Prfessinals: Craft and Related Trades Wrkers : Machine Operatrs and Assemblers is 40:1:2 Private Sectr Rati f Prfessinals : Technicians and Assciate Prfessinals : Craft and Related Trades Wrkers is 134:138:100 (Meaning?) Rati f Technicians and Assciate Prfessinals: Craft and Related Trades Wrkers : Machine Operatrs and Assemblers is 138:100:172 Internatinal Benchmark?? 1:15:45 (Managers: Technicians: Supprt) Implicatin: Blated Managerial/Prfessinal cadres cmpared t technical and supprt staff cadres Status attributed t: Freeze n emplyment (lwer cadre) Imprved terms and cnditins f emplyment in public sectr (attractin/retentin/lw incentives fr exit?) Cntracting ut f supprt services High multi-skilling and multi-tasking traits in private sectr Tendency by sme private sectr emplyers t attach managerial titles even t emplyees in nn-managerial ccupatins 11

12 THANK YOU 12