Jeong-Yeol Yoon. Introduction to Biosensors. From Electric Circuits to Immunosensors. f) Springer

Transcription

1 Jeong-Yeol Yoon Introduction to Biosensors From Electric Circuits to Immunosensors f) Springer

2 Contents 1 Introduction Sensors Transducers Biosensors Bioreceptors Transducers for Biosensors Overview of this Textbook 12 Bibliography 14 2 Resistors Electric Circuit Current and Voltage Resistance and Ohm's Law Resistors in Series, or Voltage Divider Potentiometer, or Pot Resistors in Parallel, or Current Divider Laboratory: Resistors Reading Resistor Values Breadboards Connecting to a Power Supply Resistance Measurements Task 1: Resistors in series Task 2: Resistors in parallel Task 3: "Droop" Potentiometer (Pot) Further Study: Thevenin's theorem 35 Bibliography 37 3 Diodes and Transistors Semiconductors Diodes 40 ix

3 x Contents 3.3 Zener Diode Transistors Laboratory: Diodes and Transistors Operational Amplifier Task 1: LED Task 2: Zener Diode Task 3: Transistor 55 Bibliography 57 4 Temperature Sensors Thermocouple Thermistor Diode Temperature Sensor Transistor Temperature Sensor Laboratory. Temperature Sensors Task 1: Thermistor Task 2: Zener Diode Temperature Sensor Task 3: Transistor Temperature Sensor 69 Bibliography 73 5 Wheatstone Bridge Wheatstone Bridge Strain Gauge Cantilever Biosensor Laboratory: Wheatstone Bridge Task 1: Wheatstone Bridge Task 2: Wheatstone Bridge for a Thermistor Task 3: Wheatstone Bridge for a Strain Gauge 84 Bibliography 85 6 Op-amp Op-amp Basics of Op-amp Voltage Follower or Buffer Op-amp Non-inverting Op-amp Inverting Op-amp Summing Op-amp Differential Op-amp Laboratory: Op-amp Task 1: Non-inverting Op-amp Operation Task 2: Signal Conditioning for Temperature Sensor 98 Bibliography 101

4 Contents xi 7 Light Sensors Light Photoresistor Photodiode Phototransistor Light Emitting Diode Laser Diode Ill 7.7 Laboratory: Photodiode Task 1: Photoconductive Operation Task 2: Photovoltaic Operation 116 Bibliography Spectrophotometry and Optical Biosensor Spectrophotometry Miniature Spectrophotometer Optical Glucose Sensor Laboratory: Glucose Sensor Task 1: Glucose Assay Kit with a Spectrophotometer Task 2: Glucose Assay Kit with LED/PD Circuit Further Study: Pulse Oximeter 137 Bibliography Fluorescence and Optical Fiber Fluorescence Fluorescent Dyes Optical Fibers Laboratory. Optical Fiber Spectrometer Reflection Probe SpectraSuite Software Task 1: Fluorescent Lamp Measurement Task 2: Fluorescent Excitation and Emission Measurement 155 Bibliography Electrochemical Sensors Electrolytic and Electrochemical Cells Ion-Selective Electrodes (Potentiometric) ph Electrode (Potentiometric) Electrochemical Glucose Sensor (Amperometric) Conductometric Biosensors Laboratory: ph Meter and Glucose Meter Buffer Task 1: Buffer Preparations and Their ph Measurements 172

5 xjj Contents Task 2: ph Meter Circuit Task 3: Commercial Electrochemical Glucose Sensor 178 Bibliography Piezoelectric Sensors Piezoelectricity Pressure Sensors Crystal Oscillators Quartz Crystal Microbalance Viscoelasticity Consideration in QCM Flow-Cell QCM as Biosensor Laboratory: Quartz Crystal Microbalance Task 1: Quantifying BSA Adsorption on QCM Sensor 190 Bibliography Immunosensors Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Antibodies Antibody Fragments and Aptamers Lateral-Flow Assay Optical Immunosensors Surface Plasmon Resonance Immunosensor Electrochemical Immunosensors Impedance Immunosensors: Interdigitated Microelectrode Immunosensor Piezoelectric Immunosensors: QCM Immunosensor Immunosensing Kits Versus Handheld Immunosensors Laboratory: ELISA kit Task 1: Insulin ELISA Kit Task 2: Insulin ELISA Kit with Optical Fiber Spectrometer Task 3: Insulin ELISA Kit with Cell Phone Camera Further Study: DNA Sensors 221 Bibliography Lab-on-a-Chip Biosensors What Is Lab-on-a-Chip How to Make an LOC: Photolithography and Soft Lithography Early LOC: Capillary Electrophoresis LOC for Point-of-Care Testing Use of Optical Fibers in LOC Sample/Reagent Introduction 236

6 Contents xiii 13.7 Mixing in LOC LOC with Cell Phone Camera Other Applications of LOC Laboratory: Lab-on-a-Chip Task 1: LOC Fabrication Task 2: Mixing Experiment Further Study: Latex Immunoagglutination Assay in LOC Further Study: Polymerase Chain Reaction in LOC 247 Bibliography 252 Index 257