Presented by Mauro Vignolini

Transcription

1 A new approach to concentrating solar plant (CSP) by ENEA ENEA objective Economic element of solar plant ENEA technology innovations Archimede demonstrative solar plant Final remarks Presented by Mauro Vignolini

2 Incontro con una mente straordinaria ma dal carattere ruvido Quando il prof. Carlo Rubbia decise di affidarmi l incarico di responsabile del progetto solare termodinamico, gli dissi che non avevo alcuna competenza in questo campo. La risposta fu: Non sono importanti le competenze, ma le persone disposte a provare soluzioni che gli altri non vogliono provare. Ci ha insegnato la cultura dell innovazione: la capacità di anticipare le dinamiche di mercato e di rispondere in tempi rapidi per affrontare queste sfide.

3 Innovazione e cambiamento Innovazione Forti critiche Innovazione radicale Innovazione incrementale Prodotti Processi di fabbricazione Organizzativi Culturali

4 Max temperature in the solar plant T real T max C C Flat collector Parabolic trough D system

5 Energy comparison Source: Senza petrolio Richard Heinberg Energy (KWh) hectare of Colza can supply 1 car per year 1,2 Colza (m^2/year) 5,5 Solar (m^2/day) Oil (lt) Uranium (kg) 9 100

6 Potential market

7 Solar technology potentiality High insulations area (300 W/m 2 ) 1 m 2 1 barrel of petrol/year 500 kg of CO 2 1 km 2 Thermoelectric plant of 50 MWe working for h/y

8 ENEA objective To produce electricity by solar plant at high temperature (550 C) using molten salt. the advantages are: Higher solar plant efficiency; Lower solar electricity cost; Higher storage efficiency; Integration by gas combine cycle plant.

9 Fund for R & D and Archimede project (law 388/2000) 1 cutting 2 cutting

10 Actual research financing Royalty by the patent Service, design Brand ENEA by public to private fund

11 Electricity cost comparison (c$/kwh) c$/kwh ,9 Source: Energy Information Administration 6,8 7,1 7,5 8,1 8,2 9,6 14,6

12 Levelized Energy Cost (LEC) comparison LEC electricity cost (c$/kwh) Solar plant (*) Oil barrel cost 124,00 Equivalent LEC Barrel oil cost ($/bar) (*) Source CESI

13 Learning by doing curve Solar plant Coal plant

14 ENEA technology innovation Challenge: Entire network of pipes is filled with molten salt Solar collector design (easy manufacture and assembly) Storage (low volume and cost) Heat transfer fluid (low environmental impact) Receiving tube (high efficiency) 550 C 290 C Steam generator Power block

15 ENEA Roadmap: by labs to industrial demonstration (10 years) ENEL Archimede 5 MWe Industrial Demonstration plant Demo design and construction Industrial role 2007 Lab R&D Test facility PCS Project Start-up Prototype Operation start-up Prototype Design Components test and qualification 70 employers Government role

16 Molten salt as process fluid and thermal storage Molten salt is fertilizer (60% NaNO3 40% KNO3) Advantages: High working temperature (oil 380 C - molten salt 550 C) Atmospheric pressure in the thermal storage Lower volume and cost for thermal storage Molten salt at 450 C

17 Storage working Temperature 550 C Temperature 290 C Molten salts work as sole fluid for both heat absorption and storage allowing a simplified design of the plant Compared to traditional plants a smaller thermal storage fully compensate for solar discontinuities Standard turbines parameters are matched by a higher operating temperature Unlike oil, molten salts are an environmentally friendly, non-flammable, stable fluid, with no degradation of the receiving tube

18 Technology innovation: support structure of solar collector Competitors Patent ENEA Wing rib ENEA

19 Reflecting surface and tracking system DUPLOMATIC Brevetto Patent ENEA Tracking system RONDA REFLEX Wind load effect on collector

20 Reflecting panel manufacturing RONDA-REFLEX factory Composite material Back side

21 Reflecting panel manufacturing Composite material and thin glass RONDA - REFLEX

22 Deviation of reflecting panel by parabolic shape under load

23 A new design for receiving tube ENEA patent Coating Highest temperature (550 C) and efficiency in the world coating stable in air Achimede Solar Energy singed agreement by Siemens

24 ASE: HEMS08 solar receiver tube 1- Optical film coated stainless steel absorber tube; 2-Coated glass sleeve enclosure; 3-Bellows; 4-Glass to metal joint; 5-Internal shield with NEG Strips; 6-Barium getters; 7-Vacuum enclosure.

25 Receiver Tube: coating CERAMIC LAYER CERMET LAYER METALLIC LAYER Total thickness < 0.5 µm The surface coating deposited on the steel tube is constituted of a thin film multilayer structure including an inferior layer of metal, reflecting in the infrared, and a superior layer of antireflective ceramic material. A graded ceramicmetallic material (CERMET) having different volumetric fraction of metal is interposed between the two films. CERMET: ceramic-metal nanocomposite Fabrication technology : Sputtering 1) absorbance higher than or equal to 95% 2) design emissivity of lower than 10% at 400 C 3) design emissivity of lower than 14% at 580 C

26 Receiver tube Below Steel tube with coating Glass tube with vacuum

27 Receiver tube manufactory Patent ENEA POLO SAESGETTER STEROGLASS Glass tube New coating Junction Below Max temp. 600 C Coating stable in air Solar absorbance > = 95% Thermal emittance at 400 C ~ 10% at 550 C < 14%

28 Angelantoni industry view Sputtering machine

29 Test facility for components and system qualification Pump Up side of the Storage ENEA Casaccia labs (Rome) - Started-up April 2004 Storage Investment 5,43 M

30 Archimede project Owner ENEL (electrical utility) Technology and design ENEA Power 5 MWe Placed in Siracusa (Sicily) Storage 7 hours Photo reconstruction ENEL Archimede will start on 2010

31 Archimede project is the integration of solar plant with gas combined plant

32 Archimede project DNI 1936 kwh/ m 2 y Number of SCA 54 Solar field area m 2 Thermal output 28,3 GWh/y Field efficiency 48% Thermal storage 100 MWh (8 h) Nominalpower 4,7 MWe Net electrical output 9,2 GWhe/y Solar to electricity 15,6% Energy saving 2030 TEP/y Emission avoid CO t/y Solar field Gas combined cycle Combined cycle plant in Priolo Gargallo (Sicily) N 2 units by 380 MWe

33 Layout of Archimede solar plant Solar field Storage Steam line

34 Archimede storage Cold storage Hot storage Steam generator

35 Storage system assembly Inside steel liner of the storage Air natural cooling Thermal isulation of the storage

36 Archimede view under construction Archimede is under construction at the moment it is 80 %

37 Archimede collector manufactory Industries involved RONDA - REFLEX

38 Water desalination in Libya (Gengroup, ENEA,Techint) Solar field Desalization plant Power = 5.8 Mwt 24 collector 1200 m 3 / day

39 Land area required by CSP to supply electricity demand in the year 2004 Source: Clean power from deserts Power grid Italy Energy 314 TWh / y Area (47 x 47) Km 2 Sardinia World TWh / y Area (350x350) km 2 Europe TWh / y Area (160x160) Km 2

40 Conclusion Global challenge asks to transform as fast as possible the research results in commercial product. The research has the aim to reduce solar plant cost for competing with fossil power plant. The following stakeholders can speed up or slow down the process: Government have to give the strategy and funds for the research; Research centers have to produce continue innovation, they must be more efficiency and flexible; Energy utilities have to assume a leader role in the cons traction of solar plant; Manufacturing industries have to invest in infrastructure for reducing component cost; Finance and bank have to promote new financial instrument for renewable energy; Mass media have to create a favorable climate of opinion as regards this energy. Solar energy is available in wide part of the world and can be complementary to other energy. Sensitiveness on environmental aspect is increasing. If the stakeholders will operate as expected, we could have an opportunity and produce development and competitiveness. In the future the industry of the renewable energy will assume an important role.