From Space to Earth. CPV Competitive Solar Electricity for the South of Europe and the Sunbelt Region. Dr. Gerhard Strobl Munich, 20 June 2013

Transcription

1 From Space to Earth CPV Competitive Solar Electricity for the South of Europe and the Sunbelt Region Dr. Gerhard Strobl Munich, 20 June

2 Table of Contents Company and Solar Cells for Space Terrestrial Concentrator Photovoltaics (CPV) Conclusion 2

3 Company and Solar Cells for Space 3

4 History Telefunkenpark Heilbronn, Germany Company for 49 years solar cells from Heilbronn DASA ASE Solar Space Solar Power GmbH Revenue of 40m (2012) with 200 people Owned by Generali Group (IT) 40% world market share of civil space satellite market Only industrial European manufacturer of triple GaAs solar cells 4

5 AZUR SPACE Technical Milestones 1 st generation Silicium Photovoltaik mono and multi crystaline 1964 First silicon space solar cell 8 % AMO 1974 First multi-crystalline Si solar cell (10 cm x 10 cm, 10% AM 1.5) for terrestrial application 1983 First fully automated terrestrial production line in screen printing technology 1986 High efficiency Si solar cell (18% AMO, 20% AM 1.5) in production 2001 First European triple junction GaAs space solar cell (25% AMO) 3 rd generation III-V semiconductor Photovoltaik 2008 First TJ-GaAs triple junction GaAs space solar cell with 30% efficiency 2009 First terrestrial CPV TJ-GaAs solar cell with 41% efficiency (cooperation with Fraunhofer Institut für Solare Energiesysteme, Freiburg) 2011 CPV wafer with 40.3% average efficiency and 41.5% max. efficiency in production 2012 Best EOL GaAs space solar cell on the market 2013 CPV wafer with 41.8% average and 43.3% max. efficiency in production 5

6 GalileoSat Program Venus Express AZUR Rosetta Hotbird 6 AZUR SPACE Solar Power GmbH - Confidential (Level 3 of 5)

7 3G30C Triple Space Solar Cell Solar cells with 4 8, 6 12 cm2 cell size Ultra-thin cells Solar cell assemblies with bypass diode Cell type 3G30 (AZUR SPACE) Competitor A Competitor B Begin-of-life efficiency 1 29,8 % 29,5% 29,5% End-of-life efficiency after 15 years in GEO orbit 1,2 28,1% 3 26,6% 26,6% 1 - at 1353 W/m 2, 28 C 2 - equivalent to 5E14 1 MeV e - /cm 2 fluence 3 AZUR patent pending 7

8 Terrestrial Concentrator Photovoltaics (CPV) 8

9 CPV Technology (Concentrator PhotoVoltaic) 31% module efficiency 42% solar cell efficiency (500x) 26% solar power plant AC efficiency 9

10 Si and GaAs Triple Solar Cells n-si p-si ARC 380 nm 1150 nm Licht 300 nm 660 nm 900 nm 1800 nm GaInP GaInAs active Ge n + -AlInP window layer n-gainp - emitter cap layer ARC p-gainp - base p + -GaInP - barrier layer p + -AlGaInP - barrier layer p ++ -AlGaAs n ++ -GaInAs n + -AlGaInP/AlInAs - barrier layer n-gainas emitter p-gainas base p + -GaInAs barrier layer p ++ -AlGaAs n ++ -GaInAs n-doped buffer and barrier layer active Ge substrate, p-doped Prod. Efficiency Si Prod. Efficiency GaAs Ge substrate 140 µm 2013: 19% (1x) 2013: 42% (500x) 2020: 23% (1x) 2020: 49% (1000x) 10

11 AZUR Solar Cell Technology Roadmap (500x, AM1.5d, 25 C) Cell Type Average Efficiency (500x) Availability 3C40 40 % C42 42 % C44 44 % C45 45 % C42 wafer avg = 42.3 %@500x hero cell = 43.3 %@500x 11

12 CPV Solar Power Plant in USA with 1.3MW - Soitec 12

13 CHP Combined Heat and Power Systems Forbes Solar Dense array of solar cells on a heat sink with active cooling 32m2 parabolic dishes: 7.5 kw elect kw therm. 13

14 AZUR CPV solar cells and subsystems for all over the world CPV solar cells, 38% to 42% efficiency, depending on design CPV solar cells on ceramic board (EFA* Enhanced Fresnel Assembly) CPV solar cells on water cooling unit (ADAM* Advanced Dense Array Module) *) registered trademark 14

15 Optimal CPV condition: high DNI regions 15

16 CPV - Consistent Energy Production Peak demand period CPV matches very well with peak demand in sunny regions Notes: power curve of Californian grid 6 Aug 2008, production curves in Seville 1 May 2008 Sources: California Independent System Operator, Concentrix Solar, Abengoa Solar 16

17 LCoE ( /kwh) Comparison DNI (kwh/m²/day) Portugal Greece Australia USA Lisboa Rhodos Alice Springs Austin (Texas) Type c-si CPV c-si CPV c-si CPV c-si CPV Annual Cost ( ) 507 k 363 k 507 k 363 k 506 k 361 k 506 k 363 k LCoE ( /kwh) Savings in over 20 years 3 Mio 3 Mio 3 Mio 3 Mio Baseline: c-si CPV Plant Size 12.3 MW 10 MW Site Area 32 ha 20 ha Total Invest 20.4 Mio 20.9 Mio 17

18 Cost Leverage Factor due to Cell Efficiency and Economy of Scale Cost = LCOE 1 Power 1 LCOE = levelized cost of energy System Cost Cost (Steel, Glass, Cell) = Power Efficiency * DNI Cell costs are 15-20% of overall CPV system s cost, thus cell efficiency has a leverage effect of a factor of 5-7 on overall CPV system cost (area related costs). Economy of scale: silicon production technology is already in GW scale, CPV only in MW scale. 18

19 CPV compared to CSP Low water consumption, Fast and flexible Implementation Technology Water Demand Time to operation CSP 4.4 m 3 /MWh (wet cooling) 1 st grid connection CPV 0.02 m 3 /MWh (cleaning) expansion 0 months 30 permitting construction 19

20 Conclusion 20

21 Conclusion CPV Modularity of CPV technology from a few kw up to hundreds of MW (both for installation size and power plant ramp-up) Possibility for local content such as tracker, steel work, module assembly etc. AZUR s way MW CPV solar cells (η= η=42%) AC electricity cost 10 ct / kwh MW CPV solar cells (η =49%) AC electricity cost 5 ct / kwh 21

22 Thank you very much for your kind attention! 22