ijcrb.webs.com INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS DECEMBER 2011 VOL 3, NO 8

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1 Job Satisfactio amog Public ad Private College Teachers of District Faisalabad, Pakista: A Comparative Aalysis. Khalid Latif. Lecturer. Govermet College Uiversity Faisalabad, Pakista. Muhammad Naeem Shahid.(Correspodig Author Lecturer. Iformatics College of Sciece ad Techology. Faisalabad, Pakista. Dr. Nadeem Sohail. Assistat professor. Govermet College Uiversity Faisalabad, Pakista. Muhammad Shahbaz. Lecturer. Govermet College Uiversity Faisalabad, Pakista. Abstract The study aims to focus firstly, o ifluetial factors cotributig to job satisfactio ad dissatisfactio of college teachers of district Faisalabad, Pakista. Ad secodly it examies the level of job satisfactio of teachers i public ad private sector colleges. The results showed that there were sigificat differeces i job satisfactio betwee public ad private college teachers. Public college teaches are more satisfied with the six compoets (educatioal qualificatios, ature of work, pay, job security, promotioal opportuities ad family & work life balace of job satisfactio. While private college teachers were ot satisfied. Key words. Teachers, Job satisfactio, Salary ad job security. 1. Itroductio A well kow ad successful educatioal system requires a shiig, reputed ad high quality teachig staff. The role of teachers is very much importat as they employ the most effective teachig ad learig skills ad strategies to eable studets to make progress especially i practical life. The high quality teachers ad educatio i ay coutry of the world have bee very essetial part of the differet civilizatio of the world i historical perspectives, so the level of satisfactio of teachers towards their job is very importat to study. The job satisfactio is very broader cocept i every professio. Locke (1976 defied job satisfactio as a pleasurable or positive emotioal state, resultig from the appraisal of oe s job experieces. I most studies job satisfactio is described as how people feel about their jobs ad its differet aspects. Accordig to Robbis ad saghi (2006 Job satisfactio is collectio of feeligs that a idividual holds toward his or her job. The same was cotributed by Masud Ib Rahma (2008 Job satisfactio is defied as a geeral attitude toward oe s job. It is i regard to oe s feeligs or state of-mid regardig the ature of their work. Agai Mobey ad Lockey (1970 expressed as a opiio that Job satisfactio ad dissatisfactio are fuctio of the perceived relatioship betwee what oe expects ad obtais from oe s job ad how much importace or value oe attributes to it. Employee satisfactio is the fudametal requiremet for better performace i their practical work. For better future of educatio sector the teachers eed to (1 Have ivolvemet with studets to assess what they kow, uderstad ad ca do. (2Ad have commitmet to pla future teachig ad learig activities. But that ivolvemet ad commitmet of the teachers to their professio is cosidered most importat elemet of job satisfactio.it is udeiable fact that the future of every college (either public or private highly depedet o the satisfactio level of its teachig staff. Thus the job satisfactio is essetial pre-requisite for effective ad efficiet workforces because Dissatisfied workforce cause immediate problems oly to their particular istituitio. Boltes et al(1995 ad Brow et al ( Job satisfactio is related to multiple factors as the job satisfactio is multi dimetioal as Smith, Kedall ad Huli(1969 argue that Job satisfactio is multidimesioal; that is oe may be more or less satisfied with oe s supervisor, pay or workplace etc. So the purpose of studies is to explore the level of job satisfactio amog the teachers affected by o of compoets such as work, preset pay/salary, ad relatio with coworkers, supervisio, motivatio, recogitio, COPY RIGHT 2011 Istitute of Iterdiscipliary Busiess Research 235

2 promotio opportuities, beefits (health ad life isurace job security, ad work family balace. A employee i every professio ormally feel about the all above compoets. 3. Literature review Job satisfactio ca be iflueced by variety of factors. Opkara (2002 described that Factors such as pay, the work itself, supervisio, relatioships with co-workers ad opportuities for promotios have bee foud to cotribute to job satisfactio. Workig hours ad ature of work both are the primary cotributors to job satisfactio. Research completed by Balzer et al (1997 suggests that satisfactio with oe s work tasks is the greatest predictor of overall job satisfactio. Much of the previous research explorig job satisfactio suggests that satisfactio with oe s job or work is related to the work tasks beig udertake. As well as i every kid of job the pay or salary has a positive relatioship with job satisfactio ad is a importat facet of employee job satisfactio as Kamal et al (2009 described that However, i today's busiess climate of cotiuous chages ad ucertaity, the importace of job satisfactio to orgaizatioal performace ad idividual ca be pay. The same was cotributed by Nguye et al (2003 i their Studies that icome is a importat determiat of job satisfactio. Job security is essetial facet of job satisfactio for the teachers. The more the job secure the more the teachers are satisfied with his or her job. Accordig to D.B Rao(2000 the primary sources of satisfactio of teachers were i aspect of workig with studets, itellectual stimulatio, autoomy, holidays ad job security. Flexibility i schedule of work is importat for job satisfactio as flexible time table ad shorter hours of work allow teachers to balace work ad family life better. Accordig to Maike et al (2010 Time is such a scarce source, flexible arragemets are a top idicator of work life equality ad employee satisfactio. Accordig to Lisa (2008 coflict betwee work ad family was foud to be a factor i may family problems such as depressio alcohol use ad job satisfactio. The balace betwee work ad family affects every employee differetly ad the ability to maage these factors depeds o the idividual. May teachers may be i this situatio ad these factors could ifluece their level of job satisfactio as measured i this survey. Fially the Promotioal opportuities i job have bee foud a cotributor to job satisfactio. Vasilios D. Kosteas (2009 describes that Some workers might ejoy the icrease i authority over co-workers that ofte accompaies a promotio. Give all of the dimesios i which promotios ca affect workers careers ad compesatio, relatively little attetio has bee paid to the importace of promotios as a determiat of job satisfactio Promotios are also a importat aspect of a worker s career ad life, affectig other facets of the work experiece(ibid 4.Methodology. Job satisfactio has bee take as depedet variable. Idepedet variables are educatioal qualificatios, ature of work, pay, job security, promotioal opportuities ad family & work life balace. The mai purpose of the study is to idetify the levels of job satisfactio amog teachers of private ad public sector colleges ad the factors cotributig to job satisfactio. College teachers i this study refer to lecturers ad assistat professors. Associate professors ad Professors have ot bee take i the study as these desigatios do ot exist i private sector colleges of Faisalabad. To achieve the objectives of the study 180 surveys were set (through questioers to 8 private ad 8 public sector colleges situated i district Faisalabad. Ad all the employees were aged betwee 35 to 55 years. Therefore all the questioaires were retured havig respose rate of 100%. The questioaire usig 5-Scale Likert (1= dissatisfied, 2=Dissatisfied, 3=somewhat satisfied, 4=satisfied, 5= satisfied was desig to test the impact of all the variables. For this study the questioaire is divided ito 2 sectios demographic variables ad facets of job satisfactio. The questioaire cover all the variables such as educatioal qualificatios, ature of work, pay, job security, promotioal opportuities ad family & work life balace. The data were aalyzed through SPSS v.19 5.Sample characteristics The followig table shows the distributio of respodet s geder, age, experiece, positio, icome ad area of academic disciplie. The distributio of geder shows that % of respodet were male (28.13% public colleges & % from private colleges ad % female (21.88 % belog to public colleges & other % from private colleges. COPY RIGHT 2011 Istitute of Iterdiscipliary Busiess Research 236

3 Geder * Istitutio Istitutio Total Private Public Geder Male Female Total The followig table shows that the majority of the respodets were aged less tha 45 years. Age Valid Frequecy Percet Valid Percet Percet < 35 Years Years Years Years It was observed from the result of the data aalysis that majority of respodets about 39.4% were ew comers, ad oly 4.4% reported that they sped more tha 15 years for their curret job. Experiece Valid Frequecy Percet Valid Percet Percet < 1 Year Years Years Years !5+ Years The distributio of positio shows that the majority of respodet were lecturers 81.25% ad rest of were assistat professors. Positio Frequecy Percet Valid Percet Percet Valid Lecturer Assistat Professor The distributio of icome shows that the majority of respodets are takig salary less tha Rs ad it is a true fact that teachers of private colleges of district Faisalabad are takig salary that hardly fulfill the basic eeds of life. COPY RIGHT 2011 Istitute of Iterdiscipliary Busiess Research 237

4 Icome Valid Frequecy Percet Valid Percet Percet < Rs Rs Rs Rs The distributio of area of respodets disciplie shows that 25% respodet belogs to atural scieces 18.8%, from commerce 25%, 12.5% from social sciece ad rest of 18.8% from IT. Disciplie Valid Frequecy Percet Valid Percet Percet Scieces Arts Commerce Social Scieces I.T Geeral Fidigs. Educatioal Qualificatio Educatioal Qualificatio Satisfied Satisfied Satisfied Dissatisfied dissatisfied Total Istitutio Private Public Total The above table shows that the respodet of the public sector were more satisfied with respect to their qualificatio tha respodets of private sector. But o aother had respose agaist highly dissatisfied was also high at the ed of private sector teachers. Workig Hours Workig Hours Satisfied Satisfied satisfied Dissatisfied dissatisfied Total Istitutio Private Public Total The above table clearly shows that public sector teachers are more satisfied tha private sectors teachers regardig workig hours ad ature of the work. The private sector teachers have o flexibility i workig hours due to the work overload. COPY RIGHT 2011 Istitute of Iterdiscipliary Busiess Research 238

5 Beefits Beefits satisfied Satisfied satisfied Dissatisfied dissatisfied Total Istitutio Private Public Total The above table demostrates that teachers of public sectors colleges are more satisfied tha their couterpart (private sectors regardig beefits. This may be because public sector teachers receive hadsome salary with additioal beefits such as utility allowace, house ret allowace ad coveyace allowace. While there is o cocept of these allowaces i private colleges of district Faisalabad. Opportuities for Promotio Opportuities for Promotio satisfied Satisfied satisfied Dissatisfied dissatisfied Total Istitutio Private Public Total The above table shows the resposes of teacher (private & public toward promotioal policy of their istitutio. Employees of public sector reported more satisfied with promotioal policies. Where as, i private colleges respodet feel that opportuities for promotio are limited. Salary Salary satisfied Satisfied satisfied Dissatisfied dissatisfied Total Istitutio Private Public Total From the above table it is clear that the teachers of public sectors are more satisfied with their salaries tha private sectors teachers. There is hell of differece i salaries of public ad private colleges. Job security Job security satisfied Satisfied satisfied Dissatisfied dissatisfied Total Istitutio Private Public Total COPY RIGHT 2011 Istitute of Iterdiscipliary Busiess Research 239

6 It was ot surprisig to kow that teachers of public sectors reported more satisfactio with their job security tha private sectors teachers. This may be because most of private sectors orgaizatios hired employees o cotract for duratio of 3 to 12 moths. Family & work life Balace Family & work life balace satisfied Satisfied satisfied Dissatisfied dissatisfied Total Istitutio Private Public Total As there is more flexibility i workig schedule i public college teachers so they ca make a good balace betwee family ad work life as compared to private sector where teachers have much work load ad feel dissatisfactio regardig work life balace. Correlatios Overall Job satisfactio Educatioal Qualificatio Workig Hours Beefits Opportuities for Promotio Salary Correlatio Overall Job satisfacti o Educatio al Qualific atio 1.904(** Worki g Hours.808(** Beefits Opportuiti es for Promotio Salary Job security Family & work life balace.813(**.835(**.909(**.845(**.929(** Correlatio.904(** 1.863(**.818(**.865(**.952(**.890(**.941(** Correlatio.808(**.863(** 1.928(**.961(**.881(**.855(**.824(**.928(** Correlatio.813(**.818(** 1.909(**.819(**.770(**.829(**.961(** Correlatio.835(**.865(**.909(** 1.909(**.892(**.851(**.881(** Correlatio.909(**.952(**.819(**.909(** 1.940(**.926(** COPY RIGHT 2011 Istitute of Iterdiscipliary Busiess Research 240

7 Job security Family & work life balace.855(** Correlatio.845(**.890(**.770(**.892(**.940(** 1.866(** Correlatio.929(**.941(**.824(**.829(**.851(**.926(**.866(** 1 The above table shows the correlatio betwee workig hours, educatioal qualificatio, beefits, opportuities for promotio, salary, job security, family & work life balace, ad overall job satisfactio. The value of (r for workig hours, beefits, opportuities for promotio, salary, job security, family & work life balace with overall satisfactio is 0.904, 0.808, 0.813, 0.835, 0.909, 0.845, ad 0.929, which shows highly positive relatioship betwee variables ad overall job satisfactio. 7. Coclusio Teachers of public sector reported more satisfactio with their job, educatioal qualificatio, workig hours, beefits, opportuities for promotio, salary, job security ad work life balace tha private sector teachers. The teachers of private colleges are takig limited salary because employer of private colleges are basically focus o cost cuttig strategy ad put extra work load o teachers. Moreover there is o proper policy of promotio for private sector teachers that caused dissatisfactio i them. To icrease the satisfactio level of teachers of private colleges a proper attetio should be paid o salary, beefits ad promotio opportuities ad like that the employers of private sector colleges will be able to retai teachers, a valuable asset of their istitutio. COPY RIGHT 2011 Istitute of Iterdiscipliary Busiess Research 241

8 Refereces Balzer, W., Kihm, J., Smith, P., Irwi, J., Bachiochi, P., Robie, C., Siar, E., & Parra, L.(1997. Users maual for the job descriptive idex (JDI; 1997 Revisio ad the job i geeral (JIG scales. Ohio: Bowlig Gree State Uiversity. Boltes. B.V., Lippke, L.A, ad Gregory. E, (1995, Employee satisfactio i Extesio: a Texas study, Joural of Extesio, [olie], 33 (5. Bowe, CF, Radhakrisha, R, ad Keyser. R, (1994, Job satisfactio ad commitmet of 4-H agets, Joural of Extesio, [olie], 32 (1 D. Dhaskara, R. ad Damera, S.(2003. Job Satisfactio Of School Teachers. Discovery publishig house. Available at Google. atisfactio+of+teachers+were+i+aspect+of+workig+with+studets,+itellectual+stimulatio,+autoomy,+hol idays+ad+job+security&source=bl&ots=6h_iugo9dc&sig=4r3a_raatbtppt_5odvydaqojza&hl=e# Lisa, A. (2008. Factors that affect job satisfactio amog teachers i two selected Milwaukee charter schools. pp20.(master thesis, Capella Uiversity. School of Huma Services. Retrieved from ily%20balace&f=false Locke, E. A. (1970. Job Satisfactio ad Performace: A Theoretical Aalysis, Orgaizatioal Behavior ad Huma Performace. Academic press ic, 5(5, pp Locke, E.A. (1976. The ature ad causes of job satisfactio, i Duette, M.D. (Ed., Hadbook of Idustrial ad Orgaizatioal Psychology, Rad McNally, Chicago, IL, pp Maike, I. P., Timothy B. B.,(2010. Helpig Faculty Fid Work-Life Balace: The Path Toward Family- Friedly.(1st ed.,pp14. Jossey Bass.Retreived from Google Books as o at 9 p.m =e#v=oepage&q=work%20life%20balace&f=false Masud, I.R. (2008 Job Satisfactio amog Public ad Private College Teachers of Dhaka City: A Comparative Aalysis. Available at SSRN: Nguye, A. N., Taylor, J., & Bradley, S. (2003. Relative pay ad job satisfactio: some ew evidece (43. Opkara, J. O. (2002. The impact of salary differetial o maagerial job satisfactio: A study of the geder gap ad its implicatios for maagemet educatio ad practice i a developig ecoomy. The joural of Busiess i Developig Natios, Smith, P. C., Kedall, L. M., & Huli, C. L. (1969, The Measuremet of Satisfactio i Work ad Retiremet, Chicago: Rad-McNally. Stephe, P. ad Seema, S. (2006. Orgaizatioal Behavior. (11ed., Idia:Dorlig Kidersley. Vasilios, D. K.(2009. Job Satisfactio ad Promotios. Retrieved from social sciece research etwork. Available at Yasir, K., ad Fawad, H., (2009. Pay ad Job Satisfactio: A Comparative Aalysis of Differet Pakistai Commercial Baks. Muich Persoal RePEc Archive, paper No pp COPY RIGHT 2011 Istitute of Iterdiscipliary Busiess Research 242