Modern Biology Unit 5: Cellular Metabolism

Transcription

1 Energy Transfer 1. How does energy flow through living systems yet matter is cycled? A. I can discuss how the molecules of the water cycle and carbon cycle are conserved as they move through living and nonliving factors. B. I can explain the roles of autotrophs and heterotrophs in how energy is transferred in nature. Consumer Energy pyramid VOCABULARY Food chain Food web Producer Trophic level 1. How do producers and consumers obtain energy? 2. Name five types of consumers and what role they play in the ecosystem. 3. Trophic level 1

2 4. How does a food chain differ from a food web? FOOD CHAIN FOOD WEB 2

3 5. Give three reasons for the low rate of energy transfer within ecosystems. 6. Explain why food chains usually do not exceed three or four levels. 2. How do cells use metabolic pathways to provide energy? A. I can list the basic components of an ATP molecule and draw them properly connected. I can demonstrate how an ATP molecule is made and broken down for energy. VOCABULARY ADP ATP What are the basic components of ATP? Which bond holds the energy used by cells? 3

4 Explain the ATP cycle. Cell Metabolism 2. How do cells use metabolic pathways to provide energy? D. I can state the overall goal of anaerobic respiration and where it occurs; I can discuss the different types of anaerobic respiration. E. I can state the overall goal of aerobic cell respiration, the organelle in which it occurs, and its stages. F. I can list the beginning and ending molecules and their roles for each of the three stages of cellular respiration. Anabolism VOCABULARY Catabolism Metabolism Photosynthesis Cell respiration 4

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6 Photosynthesis Anabolism Photosynthesis 2. A. How I can state do cells the overall use metabolic goal of photosynthesis, pathways to the provide organelle energy? in which it occurs, and its two main stages. B. I can B. state I can the list overall the beginning goal of photosynthesis, and ending molecules the organelle for in each which of it the occurs, two stages and its two of photosynthesis. main stages. C. I can list the C. beginning I can create and ending an analogy molecules for what for each occurs of the in two each stages stage of photosynthesis. of photosynthesis. Autotroph Carbon fixation Carotenoids VOCABULARY Chlorophyll Electron transport chain Granum Heterotrophs Light reactions Pigment Stomata Thylakoids Calvin Cycle (Dark Reactions) 6

7 Explain what an autotroph is and provide an example. Label the diagram of the chloroplast. WORD BANK: Thylakoid membrane Thylakoid Stroma CO 2 O 2 H 2 0 C 6 H 12 O 6 Light Reactions Dark Reactions ATP Sunlight 7

8 Write the chemical equation for photosynthesis. Plants produce oxygen. During what part of photosynthesis does this occur? Where (what molecule) does the oxygen come from? Complete the following table by listing the reactants and products of the light reactions. Reactants Products Complete the following table by listing the reactants and products of the dark reactions (Calvin Cycle). Reactants Products 8

9 Use the diagram to help you explain why plants are green. Why do leaves change color in the fall? Use the picture to help explain (in actual terms) how radiant energy from the sun is transformed into chemical energy. 9

10 CELLULAR RESPIRATION Catabolism Cell Respiration 2. How do cells use metabolic pathways to provide energy? D. I can state the overall goal of anaerobic respiration and where it occurs; I can discuss the different types of anaerobic respiration. E. I can state the overall goal of aerobic cell respiration, the organelle in which it occurs, and its stages. F. I can list the beginning and ending molecules and their roles for each of the three stages of cellular respiration. Aerobic respiration Alcoholic fermentation VOCABULARY Anaerobic Aerobic Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Pyruvic Acid Acetyl CoA 10

11 Explain what a heterotroph is and provide an example. Label the diagram of a mitochondrion. Word Bank: Glycolysis O 2 Krebs Cycle H 2 O ETC CO 2 Glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) Pyruvic Acid ATP x3 H+ ions 11

12 Write the balanced chemical equation for cellular respiration. What is the difference between anaerobic and aerobic respiration? Indicate if the following process is anaerobic or aerobic (circle one). Glycolysis aerobic anaerobic ETC aerobic anaerobic Lactic Acid Fermentation aerobic anaerobic Krebs Cycle aerobic anaerobic Alcoholic Fermentation aerobic anaerobic End Product What is lactic acid fermentation? Provide examples of what type of organisms use or may use this method. What is alcoholic fermentation? Provide an example of an organism that uses this method. 12

13 Complete the chart to help compare (in actual terms) how cellular respiration is similar to how a car s engine works. Some portions of the chart have been provided out for you. Fuel source Car Engine Cell Oxygen Oxygen Structure(s) where process takes place Waste product(s) Desired product Combustion/car moves 13

14 3. How are cellular respiration and photosynthesis interdependent? A. I can explain how metabolic pathways (cellular respiration and photosynthesis) convert energy while conserving matter. B. I can use a model to explain how cellular respiration and photosynthesis are examples of interdependence. C. I can compare and contrast photosynthesis and cellular respiration.. 14