1.8. MATRIX INVERSE 1

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "1.8. MATRIX INVERSE 1"

Transcription

1 .8. MTRIX INVERSE.8 Matrix Inverse MTH 9 SPRING 98 PRELIM # 9SP8PQ.tex.8. Let a) Find. Us any method you wish. check your result. b) Use your inverse above to nd all solutions to x = b; where b = MTH 9 SPRING 98 PRELIM # 9SP8PQ.tex.8. a) consider the x matrix B = k : : Find all values of k for which B has no inverse. b) In the vector space of polynomials of degree two or less are the vectors f x; + x ; x x g linearly independent? Give a reason. (You may assume that f; x; x g are linearly independent.) c) In the vector space S of solutions to the dierential equation y" y + y = re the vectors y = e t ; y = e t e t ; and y = e t linearly independent? Give a reason.

2 MTH 9 SPRING 98 FINL # 9SP8FQ.tex.8. a) Find a basis for the vector space of all x matrices. b) is the matrix given below, v is an eigenvector of. Find any eigenvalue of with v = [an eigenvector of ] = 6 c) Find one solution to each system of equations below, if possible. If not possible, explain why not. 6 x = b; b = 6 and b = 6 d) Read carefully. Solve for x in the equation b = x with: e) Find the inverse of the matrix and b = : MTH 9 FLL 98 FINL # 9F8FQ.tex.8. a) Find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the b) Find and T. c) Find the general solution of d dx y y y y MTH 9 SPRING 98 FINL # 9SP8FQ.tex.8. For the case ~ b = ~, the vector ~x = ~ a) Is always a solution. b) May or may not be a solution depending on. c) Is always the only solution. d) Is never a solution.

3 .8. MTRIX INVERSE MTH 9 FLL 98 FINL # 9F8FQ.tex.8.6 Find an elementary matrix E so that E is in reduced form, MTH 9 FLL 98 FINL # 9F8FQ.tex.8. Either compute the inverse of the matrix 6 ; or show that no inverse exists. MTH 9 SUMMER 989 PRELIM # 9SU89PQ.tex.8.8 Let be a x matrix with real entries. ssume that has an inverse Q and : Q = a) Find all vectors ~x in < such that ~x = b) Find the matrix. MTH 9 SPRING 99 PRELIM # 9SP9PQ.tex.8.9 Here a) Find. b) Find Xif X = c) Find ~vif ~v =.. MTH 9 SPRING 99 PRELIM # 9SP9PQ.tex.8. Given the 9 a) Find det. b) Find and check your answer. :

4 MTH 9 SPRING 99 FINL # 9SP9FQ.tex.8. a) Find the general solution, and write your answer as a particular solution plus the general solution of the associated homogeneous system. x y + z = x y + z = x + y + z = b) Check your answer for part a. c) Find the inverse of the d) Check your answer for part MTH 9 SPRING 99 PRELIM # 6 9SP9PQ6.tex.8. a) Find the inverse of the matrix b) Explain what you do to check your result in part (a), and then do it. c) Compute the determinant of the matrix () ; writing your result as a function of. d) Partially check your result by computing the determinant of (), and compare this value with the value of the function you found in (c) when =. MTH 9 FLL 99 PRELIM # 9F9PQ.tex.8. a) Find b) Use the result of part (a) to solve ~x = ~ b where ~ b c) Suppose B and C are N x N invertible matrices and you know B and C. What is (BC) equal to?

5 .8. MTRIX INVERSE MTH 9 FLL 99 FINL # 6 9F9FQ6.tex.8. The inverse of the matrix is a) b) c) d) e) MTH 9 SPRING 99 FINL # 9SP9FQ.tex.8. Give a formula for a b c d when it exists, and prove that your answer is correct. MTH 9 SPRING 99 PRELIM # 9SP9PQ.tex.8.6 a) Find the inverse of the matrix : b) Check your result by computing. c) Use the result to nd the solution of x y + z = x + y + z = x + y =

6 6 MTH 9 FLL 99 PRELIM # 9F9PQ.tex.8. a) Find the inverse, if it exists, of the matrix b) Verify your answer for part (a). c) Consider the matrix B = where is an unspecied parameter. For what values of (if any) does B not exist? MTH 9 SPRING 996 PRELIM # ; B ; C = Is invertible? If yes, explain why and nd. If no, explain why? MTH 9 SPRING 996 PRELIM # 6 9SP96PQ6.tex.8.9 Let I be the -by- identity matrix, let be the -by- matrix consisting of all zeros, let be the matrix in the question above, and let D be the 6-by-6 matrix given as four -by- blocks I Find D. D = I MTH 9 SPRING 996 FINL # 9 9SP96FQ9.tex.8. : Then the element in the rd row, nd column of is: a) - b) c) d) e) none of the above. C

7 .8. MTRIX INVERSE MTH 9 SPRING 996 FINL # 9SP96FQ.tex.8. Suppose What is the solution of x = b? a) b) c) d) e) none of the above ; b = MTH 9 FLL 996 PRELIM # 9F96PQ.tex.8.* Matrix algebra. Let [] be the matrix and let ~ b = : and let ~c = a) Find all solutions ~x to ~x = ~ b and check your answer by substitution. b) Find all solutions ~x to ~x = ~c and check your answer by substitution. c) Give a reason why you believe that does or does not exist. MTH 9 SPRING 99 PRELIM # 9SP9PQ.tex.8. Let M be the -by- matrix M = Find the inverse of M. C where

8 8 MTH 9 SPRING 99 FINL # 6 9SP9FQ6.tex.8. Find the inverse of matrix M. is a general matrix and I is the identity matrix. I M = I MTH 9 FLL 99 PRELIM # 9F9PQ.tex.8. Find the inverse of the 6 MTH 9 FLL 99 PRELIM # 9F9PQ.tex.8.6 Find the inverse of the I B I B I ; where each block is a by matrix, and I = I is the by identity matrix. Hint: the inverse is of the form = for certain E ; E ; I E E I E I ; MTH 9 SPRING 998 PRELIM # 9SP98PQ.tex.8. a) Find the inverse of the matrix : b) True or False? i) If and B are invertible, then B is the inverse of B. ii) If is an invertible n x n matrix, then the equation ~x = ~ b is consistent for each ~ b in < n. MTH 9 SPRING 998 PRELIM # 9SP98PQ.tex.8.8 Determine whether the following matrices are invertible. If they are invertible then nd the inverse. B =

9 .8. MTRIX INVERSE 9 MTH 9 FLL 998 PRELIM # bc 9F98PQbc.tex.8.9 (b) Is B = the inverse of? (c) Is the matrix if it does exist.) invertible? (You need not calculate the inverse MTH 9 SPRING?? PRELIM # 9SPxxPQ.tex.8. a) If and B are x matrices such that B = 6 ; show that the column space of is at least three dimensional. b) Find if 6 MTH 9 SPRING?? FINL # 9SPxxFQ.tex.8. a) Show 6 b) Find. c) Solve ~x = ~ b where ~ b = (; ; ) by using part (b). is nonsingular without nding. MTH 9 Unknown PRCTICE PRELIM? # 9UnknownPPQ.tex.8. a) For what value of a does the matrix B = not have an inverse? a b) n x n matrix C is said to be orthogonal if C t = C : Show that either det C = or det C = -. Hint: CC t = I: MTH 9 Unknown PRCTICE PRELIM # 9UnknownPPQ.tex.8. calculate the inverse of. Check your answer. Find the x matrix X if X = B where is the x matrix above and B =

1 2 3 1 1 2 x = + x 2 + x 4 1 0 1

1 2 3 1 1 2 x = + x 2 + x 4 1 0 1 (d) If the vector b is the sum of the four columns of A, write down the complete solution to Ax = b. 1 2 3 1 1 2 x = + x 2 + x 4 1 0 0 1 0 1 2. (11 points) This problem finds the curve y = C + D 2 t which

More information

Similarity and Diagonalization. Similar Matrices

Similarity and Diagonalization. Similar Matrices MATH022 Linear Algebra Brief lecture notes 48 Similarity and Diagonalization Similar Matrices Let A and B be n n matrices. We say that A is similar to B if there is an invertible n n matrix P such that

More information

MAT 242 Test 2 SOLUTIONS, FORM T

MAT 242 Test 2 SOLUTIONS, FORM T MAT 242 Test 2 SOLUTIONS, FORM T 5 3 5 3 3 3 3. Let v =, v 5 2 =, v 3 =, and v 5 4 =. 3 3 7 3 a. [ points] The set { v, v 2, v 3, v 4 } is linearly dependent. Find a nontrivial linear combination of these

More information

LS.6 Solution Matrices

LS.6 Solution Matrices LS.6 Solution Matrices In the literature, solutions to linear systems often are expressed using square matrices rather than vectors. You need to get used to the terminology. As before, we state the definitions

More information

Review Jeopardy. Blue vs. Orange. Review Jeopardy

Review Jeopardy. Blue vs. Orange. Review Jeopardy Review Jeopardy Blue vs. Orange Review Jeopardy Jeopardy Round Lectures 0-3 Jeopardy Round $200 How could I measure how far apart (i.e. how different) two observations, y 1 and y 2, are from each other?

More information

8 Square matrices continued: Determinants

8 Square matrices continued: Determinants 8 Square matrices continued: Determinants 8. Introduction Determinants give us important information about square matrices, and, as we ll soon see, are essential for the computation of eigenvalues. You

More information

Chapter 6. Orthogonality

Chapter 6. Orthogonality 6.3 Orthogonal Matrices 1 Chapter 6. Orthogonality 6.3 Orthogonal Matrices Definition 6.4. An n n matrix A is orthogonal if A T A = I. Note. We will see that the columns of an orthogonal matrix must be

More information

Au = = = 3u. Aw = = = 2w. so the action of A on u and w is very easy to picture: it simply amounts to a stretching by 3 and 2, respectively.

Au = = = 3u. Aw = = = 2w. so the action of A on u and w is very easy to picture: it simply amounts to a stretching by 3 and 2, respectively. Chapter 7 Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors In this last chapter of our exploration of Linear Algebra we will revisit eigenvalues and eigenvectors of matrices, concepts that were already introduced in Geometry

More information

MAT 200, Midterm Exam Solution. a. (5 points) Compute the determinant of the matrix A =

MAT 200, Midterm Exam Solution. a. (5 points) Compute the determinant of the matrix A = MAT 200, Midterm Exam Solution. (0 points total) a. (5 points) Compute the determinant of the matrix 2 2 0 A = 0 3 0 3 0 Answer: det A = 3. The most efficient way is to develop the determinant along the

More information

MATH 423 Linear Algebra II Lecture 38: Generalized eigenvectors. Jordan canonical form (continued).

MATH 423 Linear Algebra II Lecture 38: Generalized eigenvectors. Jordan canonical form (continued). MATH 423 Linear Algebra II Lecture 38: Generalized eigenvectors Jordan canonical form (continued) Jordan canonical form A Jordan block is a square matrix of the form λ 1 0 0 0 0 λ 1 0 0 0 0 λ 0 0 J = 0

More information

MATH 551 - APPLIED MATRIX THEORY

MATH 551 - APPLIED MATRIX THEORY MATH 55 - APPLIED MATRIX THEORY FINAL TEST: SAMPLE with SOLUTIONS (25 points NAME: PROBLEM (3 points A web of 5 pages is described by a directed graph whose matrix is given by A Do the following ( points

More information

Linear Algebra Review. Vectors

Linear Algebra Review. Vectors Linear Algebra Review By Tim K. Marks UCSD Borrows heavily from: Jana Kosecka kosecka@cs.gmu.edu http://cs.gmu.edu/~kosecka/cs682.html Virginia de Sa Cogsci 8F Linear Algebra review UCSD Vectors The length

More information

Linear Algebra Notes for Marsden and Tromba Vector Calculus

Linear Algebra Notes for Marsden and Tromba Vector Calculus Linear Algebra Notes for Marsden and Tromba Vector Calculus n-dimensional Euclidean Space and Matrices Definition of n space As was learned in Math b, a point in Euclidean three space can be thought of

More information

LINEAR ALGEBRA. September 23, 2010

LINEAR ALGEBRA. September 23, 2010 LINEAR ALGEBRA September 3, 00 Contents 0. LU-decomposition.................................... 0. Inverses and Transposes................................. 0.3 Column Spaces and NullSpaces.............................

More information

by the matrix A results in a vector which is a reflection of the given

by the matrix A results in a vector which is a reflection of the given Eigenvalues & Eigenvectors Example Suppose Then So, geometrically, multiplying a vector in by the matrix A results in a vector which is a reflection of the given vector about the y-axis We observe that

More information

[1] Diagonal factorization

[1] Diagonal factorization 8.03 LA.6: Diagonalization and Orthogonal Matrices [ Diagonal factorization [2 Solving systems of first order differential equations [3 Symmetric and Orthonormal Matrices [ Diagonal factorization Recall:

More information

Similar matrices and Jordan form

Similar matrices and Jordan form Similar matrices and Jordan form We ve nearly covered the entire heart of linear algebra once we ve finished singular value decompositions we ll have seen all the most central topics. A T A is positive

More information

MATRIX ALGEBRA AND SYSTEMS OF EQUATIONS

MATRIX ALGEBRA AND SYSTEMS OF EQUATIONS MATRIX ALGEBRA AND SYSTEMS OF EQUATIONS Systems of Equations and Matrices Representation of a linear system The general system of m equations in n unknowns can be written a x + a 2 x 2 + + a n x n b a

More information

Recall that two vectors in are perpendicular or orthogonal provided that their dot

Recall that two vectors in are perpendicular or orthogonal provided that their dot Orthogonal Complements and Projections Recall that two vectors in are perpendicular or orthogonal provided that their dot product vanishes That is, if and only if Example 1 The vectors in are orthogonal

More information

MATRIX ALGEBRA AND SYSTEMS OF EQUATIONS. + + x 2. x n. a 11 a 12 a 1n b 1 a 21 a 22 a 2n b 2 a 31 a 32 a 3n b 3. a m1 a m2 a mn b m

MATRIX ALGEBRA AND SYSTEMS OF EQUATIONS. + + x 2. x n. a 11 a 12 a 1n b 1 a 21 a 22 a 2n b 2 a 31 a 32 a 3n b 3. a m1 a m2 a mn b m MATRIX ALGEBRA AND SYSTEMS OF EQUATIONS 1. SYSTEMS OF EQUATIONS AND MATRICES 1.1. Representation of a linear system. The general system of m equations in n unknowns can be written a 11 x 1 + a 12 x 2 +

More information

160 CHAPTER 4. VECTOR SPACES

160 CHAPTER 4. VECTOR SPACES 160 CHAPTER 4. VECTOR SPACES 4. Rank and Nullity In this section, we look at relationships between the row space, column space, null space of a matrix and its transpose. We will derive fundamental results

More information

Math 115A HW4 Solutions University of California, Los Angeles. 5 2i 6 + 4i. (5 2i)7i (6 + 4i)( 3 + i) = 35i + 14 ( 22 6i) = 36 + 41i.

Math 115A HW4 Solutions University of California, Los Angeles. 5 2i 6 + 4i. (5 2i)7i (6 + 4i)( 3 + i) = 35i + 14 ( 22 6i) = 36 + 41i. Math 5A HW4 Solutions September 5, 202 University of California, Los Angeles Problem 4..3b Calculate the determinant, 5 2i 6 + 4i 3 + i 7i Solution: The textbook s instructions give us, (5 2i)7i (6 + 4i)(

More information

Chapter 17. Orthogonal Matrices and Symmetries of Space

Chapter 17. Orthogonal Matrices and Symmetries of Space Chapter 17. Orthogonal Matrices and Symmetries of Space Take a random matrix, say 1 3 A = 4 5 6, 7 8 9 and compare the lengths of e 1 and Ae 1. The vector e 1 has length 1, while Ae 1 = (1, 4, 7) has length

More information

r (t) = 2r(t) + sin t θ (t) = r(t) θ(t) + 1 = 1 1 θ(t) 1 9.4.4 Write the given system in matrix form x = Ax + f ( ) sin(t) x y 1 0 5 z = dy cos(t)

r (t) = 2r(t) + sin t θ (t) = r(t) θ(t) + 1 = 1 1 θ(t) 1 9.4.4 Write the given system in matrix form x = Ax + f ( ) sin(t) x y 1 0 5 z = dy cos(t) Solutions HW 9.4.2 Write the given system in matrix form x = Ax + f r (t) = 2r(t) + sin t θ (t) = r(t) θ(t) + We write this as ( ) r (t) θ (t) = ( ) ( ) 2 r(t) θ(t) + ( ) sin(t) 9.4.4 Write the given system

More information

Linearly Independent Sets and Linearly Dependent Sets

Linearly Independent Sets and Linearly Dependent Sets These notes closely follow the presentation of the material given in David C. Lay s textbook Linear Algebra and its Applications (3rd edition). These notes are intended primarily for in-class presentation

More information

LINEAR ALGEBRA W W L CHEN

LINEAR ALGEBRA W W L CHEN LINEAR ALGEBRA W W L CHEN c W W L Chen, 1997, 2008 This chapter is available free to all individuals, on understanding that it is not to be used for financial gain, and may be downloaded and/or photocopied,

More information

a 11 x 1 + a 12 x 2 + + a 1n x n = b 1 a 21 x 1 + a 22 x 2 + + a 2n x n = b 2.

a 11 x 1 + a 12 x 2 + + a 1n x n = b 1 a 21 x 1 + a 22 x 2 + + a 2n x n = b 2. Chapter 1 LINEAR EQUATIONS 1.1 Introduction to linear equations A linear equation in n unknowns x 1, x,, x n is an equation of the form a 1 x 1 + a x + + a n x n = b, where a 1, a,..., a n, b are given

More information

4.5 Linear Dependence and Linear Independence

4.5 Linear Dependence and Linear Independence 4.5 Linear Dependence and Linear Independence 267 32. {v 1, v 2 }, where v 1, v 2 are collinear vectors in R 3. 33. Prove that if S and S are subsets of a vector space V such that S is a subset of S, then

More information

x + y + z = 1 2x + 3y + 4z = 0 5x + 6y + 7z = 3

x + y + z = 1 2x + 3y + 4z = 0 5x + 6y + 7z = 3 Math 24 FINAL EXAM (2/9/9 - SOLUTIONS ( Find the general solution to the system of equations 2 4 5 6 7 ( r 2 2r r 2 r 5r r x + y + z 2x + y + 4z 5x + 6y + 7z 2 2 2 2 So x z + y 2z 2 and z is free. ( r

More information

Methods for Finding Bases

Methods for Finding Bases Methods for Finding Bases Bases for the subspaces of a matrix Row-reduction methods can be used to find bases. Let us now look at an example illustrating how to obtain bases for the row space, null space,

More information

1 Introduction to Matrices

1 Introduction to Matrices 1 Introduction to Matrices In this section, important definitions and results from matrix algebra that are useful in regression analysis are introduced. While all statements below regarding the columns

More information

MATH10212 Linear Algebra. Systems of Linear Equations. Definition. An n-dimensional vector is a row or a column of n numbers (or letters): a 1.

MATH10212 Linear Algebra. Systems of Linear Equations. Definition. An n-dimensional vector is a row or a column of n numbers (or letters): a 1. MATH10212 Linear Algebra Textbook: D. Poole, Linear Algebra: A Modern Introduction. Thompson, 2006. ISBN 0-534-40596-7. Systems of Linear Equations Definition. An n-dimensional vector is a row or a column

More information

University of Lille I PC first year list of exercises n 7. Review

University of Lille I PC first year list of exercises n 7. Review University of Lille I PC first year list of exercises n 7 Review Exercise Solve the following systems in 4 different ways (by substitution, by the Gauss method, by inverting the matrix of coefficients

More information

1 0 5 3 3 A = 0 0 0 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1 0 5 3 3 A = 0 0 0 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Solutions: Assignment 4.. Find the redundant column vectors of the given matrix A by inspection. Then find a basis of the image of A and a basis of the kernel of A. 5 A The second and third columns are

More information

Solutions to Math 51 First Exam January 29, 2015

Solutions to Math 51 First Exam January 29, 2015 Solutions to Math 5 First Exam January 29, 25. ( points) (a) Complete the following sentence: A set of vectors {v,..., v k } is defined to be linearly dependent if (2 points) there exist c,... c k R, not

More information

Notes on Determinant

Notes on Determinant ENGG2012B Advanced Engineering Mathematics Notes on Determinant Lecturer: Kenneth Shum Lecture 9-18/02/2013 The determinant of a system of linear equations determines whether the solution is unique, without

More information

The Characteristic Polynomial

The Characteristic Polynomial Physics 116A Winter 2011 The Characteristic Polynomial 1 Coefficients of the characteristic polynomial Consider the eigenvalue problem for an n n matrix A, A v = λ v, v 0 (1) The solution to this problem

More information

6. Cholesky factorization

6. Cholesky factorization 6. Cholesky factorization EE103 (Fall 2011-12) triangular matrices forward and backward substitution the Cholesky factorization solving Ax = b with A positive definite inverse of a positive definite matrix

More information

December 4, 2013 MATH 171 BASIC LINEAR ALGEBRA B. KITCHENS

December 4, 2013 MATH 171 BASIC LINEAR ALGEBRA B. KITCHENS December 4, 2013 MATH 171 BASIC LINEAR ALGEBRA B KITCHENS The equation 1 Lines in two-dimensional space (1) 2x y = 3 describes a line in two-dimensional space The coefficients of x and y in the equation

More information

MATH 304 Linear Algebra Lecture 18: Rank and nullity of a matrix.

MATH 304 Linear Algebra Lecture 18: Rank and nullity of a matrix. MATH 304 Linear Algebra Lecture 18: Rank and nullity of a matrix. Nullspace Let A = (a ij ) be an m n matrix. Definition. The nullspace of the matrix A, denoted N(A), is the set of all n-dimensional column

More information

Name: Section Registered In:

Name: Section Registered In: Name: Section Registered In: Math 125 Exam 3 Version 1 April 24, 2006 60 total points possible 1. (5pts) Use Cramer s Rule to solve 3x + 4y = 30 x 2y = 8. Be sure to show enough detail that shows you are

More information

Question 2: How do you solve a matrix equation using the matrix inverse?

Question 2: How do you solve a matrix equation using the matrix inverse? Question : How do you solve a matrix equation using the matrix inverse? In the previous question, we wrote systems of equations as a matrix equation AX B. In this format, the matrix A contains the coefficients

More information

Brief Introduction to Vectors and Matrices

Brief Introduction to Vectors and Matrices CHAPTER 1 Brief Introduction to Vectors and Matrices In this chapter, we will discuss some needed concepts found in introductory course in linear algebra. We will introduce matrix, vector, vector-valued

More information

Notes on Orthogonal and Symmetric Matrices MENU, Winter 2013

Notes on Orthogonal and Symmetric Matrices MENU, Winter 2013 Notes on Orthogonal and Symmetric Matrices MENU, Winter 201 These notes summarize the main properties and uses of orthogonal and symmetric matrices. We covered quite a bit of material regarding these topics,

More information

Linear Algebra Notes

Linear Algebra Notes Linear Algebra Notes Chapter 19 KERNEL AND IMAGE OF A MATRIX Take an n m matrix a 11 a 12 a 1m a 21 a 22 a 2m a n1 a n2 a nm and think of it as a function A : R m R n The kernel of A is defined as Note

More information

SALEM COMMUNITY COLLEGE Carneys Point, New Jersey 08069 COURSE SYLLABUS COVER SHEET. Action Taken (Please Check One) New Course Initiated

SALEM COMMUNITY COLLEGE Carneys Point, New Jersey 08069 COURSE SYLLABUS COVER SHEET. Action Taken (Please Check One) New Course Initiated SALEM COMMUNITY COLLEGE Carneys Point, New Jersey 08069 COURSE SYLLABUS COVER SHEET Course Title Course Number Department Linear Algebra Mathematics MAT-240 Action Taken (Please Check One) New Course Initiated

More information

Matrix Algebra. Some Basic Matrix Laws. Before reading the text or the following notes glance at the following list of basic matrix algebra laws.

Matrix Algebra. Some Basic Matrix Laws. Before reading the text or the following notes glance at the following list of basic matrix algebra laws. Matrix Algebra A. Doerr Before reading the text or the following notes glance at the following list of basic matrix algebra laws. Some Basic Matrix Laws Assume the orders of the matrices are such that

More information

Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors

Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors Chapter 6 Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors 6. Introduction to Eigenvalues Linear equations Ax D b come from steady state problems. Eigenvalues have their greatest importance in dynamic problems. The solution

More information

Lecture 2 Matrix Operations

Lecture 2 Matrix Operations Lecture 2 Matrix Operations transpose, sum & difference, scalar multiplication matrix multiplication, matrix-vector product matrix inverse 2 1 Matrix transpose transpose of m n matrix A, denoted A T or

More information

Using row reduction to calculate the inverse and the determinant of a square matrix

Using row reduction to calculate the inverse and the determinant of a square matrix Using row reduction to calculate the inverse and the determinant of a square matrix Notes for MATH 0290 Honors by Prof. Anna Vainchtein 1 Inverse of a square matrix An n n square matrix A is called invertible

More information

Abstract: We describe the beautiful LU factorization of a square matrix (or how to write Gaussian elimination in terms of matrix multiplication).

Abstract: We describe the beautiful LU factorization of a square matrix (or how to write Gaussian elimination in terms of matrix multiplication). MAT 2 (Badger, Spring 202) LU Factorization Selected Notes September 2, 202 Abstract: We describe the beautiful LU factorization of a square matrix (or how to write Gaussian elimination in terms of matrix

More information

Row Echelon Form and Reduced Row Echelon Form

Row Echelon Form and Reduced Row Echelon Form These notes closely follow the presentation of the material given in David C Lay s textbook Linear Algebra and its Applications (3rd edition) These notes are intended primarily for in-class presentation

More information

Solving Systems of Linear Equations Using Matrices

Solving Systems of Linear Equations Using Matrices Solving Systems of Linear Equations Using Matrices What is a Matrix? A matrix is a compact grid or array of numbers. It can be created from a system of equations and used to solve the system of equations.

More information

1 Sets and Set Notation.

1 Sets and Set Notation. LINEAR ALGEBRA MATH 27.6 SPRING 23 (COHEN) LECTURE NOTES Sets and Set Notation. Definition (Naive Definition of a Set). A set is any collection of objects, called the elements of that set. We will most

More information

Systems of Linear Equations

Systems of Linear Equations Systems of Linear Equations Beifang Chen Systems of linear equations Linear systems A linear equation in variables x, x,, x n is an equation of the form a x + a x + + a n x n = b, where a, a,, a n and

More information

Orthogonal Diagonalization of Symmetric Matrices

Orthogonal Diagonalization of Symmetric Matrices MATH10212 Linear Algebra Brief lecture notes 57 Gram Schmidt Process enables us to find an orthogonal basis of a subspace. Let u 1,..., u k be a basis of a subspace V of R n. We begin the process of finding

More information

Lecture 5: Singular Value Decomposition SVD (1)

Lecture 5: Singular Value Decomposition SVD (1) EEM3L1: Numerical and Analytical Techniques Lecture 5: Singular Value Decomposition SVD (1) EE3L1, slide 1, Version 4: 25-Sep-02 Motivation for SVD (1) SVD = Singular Value Decomposition Consider the system

More information

Orthogonal Projections

Orthogonal Projections Orthogonal Projections and Reflections (with exercises) by D. Klain Version.. Corrections and comments are welcome! Orthogonal Projections Let X,..., X k be a family of linearly independent (column) vectors

More information

Vector and Matrix Norms

Vector and Matrix Norms Chapter 1 Vector and Matrix Norms 11 Vector Spaces Let F be a field (such as the real numbers, R, or complex numbers, C) with elements called scalars A Vector Space, V, over the field F is a non-empty

More information

DETERMINANTS TERRY A. LORING

DETERMINANTS TERRY A. LORING DETERMINANTS TERRY A. LORING 1. Determinants: a Row Operation By-Product The determinant is best understood in terms of row operations, in my opinion. Most books start by defining the determinant via formulas

More information

( ) which must be a vector

( ) which must be a vector MATH 37 Linear Transformations from Rn to Rm Dr. Neal, WKU Let T : R n R m be a function which maps vectors from R n to R m. Then T is called a linear transformation if the following two properties are

More information

is in plane V. However, it may be more convenient to introduce a plane coordinate system in V.

is in plane V. However, it may be more convenient to introduce a plane coordinate system in V. .4 COORDINATES EXAMPLE Let V be the plane in R with equation x +2x 2 +x 0, a two-dimensional subspace of R. We can describe a vector in this plane by its spatial (D)coordinates; for example, vector x 5

More information

3. Let A and B be two n n orthogonal matrices. Then prove that AB and BA are both orthogonal matrices. Prove a similar result for unitary matrices.

3. Let A and B be two n n orthogonal matrices. Then prove that AB and BA are both orthogonal matrices. Prove a similar result for unitary matrices. Exercise 1 1. Let A be an n n orthogonal matrix. Then prove that (a) the rows of A form an orthonormal basis of R n. (b) the columns of A form an orthonormal basis of R n. (c) for any two vectors x,y R

More information

α = u v. In other words, Orthogonal Projection

α = u v. In other words, Orthogonal Projection Orthogonal Projection Given any nonzero vector v, it is possible to decompose an arbitrary vector u into a component that points in the direction of v and one that points in a direction orthogonal to v

More information

1 VECTOR SPACES AND SUBSPACES

1 VECTOR SPACES AND SUBSPACES 1 VECTOR SPACES AND SUBSPACES What is a vector? Many are familiar with the concept of a vector as: Something which has magnitude and direction. an ordered pair or triple. a description for quantities such

More information

1.2 Solving a System of Linear Equations

1.2 Solving a System of Linear Equations 1.. SOLVING A SYSTEM OF LINEAR EQUATIONS 1. Solving a System of Linear Equations 1..1 Simple Systems - Basic De nitions As noticed above, the general form of a linear system of m equations in n variables

More information

MA106 Linear Algebra lecture notes

MA106 Linear Algebra lecture notes MA106 Linear Algebra lecture notes Lecturers: Martin Bright and Daan Krammer Warwick, January 2011 Contents 1 Number systems and fields 3 1.1 Axioms for number systems......................... 3 2 Vector

More information

Lecture 14: Section 3.3

Lecture 14: Section 3.3 Lecture 14: Section 3.3 Shuanglin Shao October 23, 2013 Definition. Two nonzero vectors u and v in R n are said to be orthogonal (or perpendicular) if u v = 0. We will also agree that the zero vector in

More information

26. Determinants I. 1. Prehistory

26. Determinants I. 1. Prehistory 26. Determinants I 26.1 Prehistory 26.2 Definitions 26.3 Uniqueness and other properties 26.4 Existence Both as a careful review of a more pedestrian viewpoint, and as a transition to a coordinate-independent

More information

Lecture 4: Partitioned Matrices and Determinants

Lecture 4: Partitioned Matrices and Determinants Lecture 4: Partitioned Matrices and Determinants 1 Elementary row operations Recall the elementary operations on the rows of a matrix, equivalent to premultiplying by an elementary matrix E: (1) multiplying

More information

MATHEMATICS FOR ENGINEERS BASIC MATRIX THEORY TUTORIAL 2

MATHEMATICS FOR ENGINEERS BASIC MATRIX THEORY TUTORIAL 2 MATHEMATICS FO ENGINEES BASIC MATIX THEOY TUTOIAL This is the second of two tutorials on matrix theory. On completion you should be able to do the following. Explain the general method for solving simultaneous

More information

Solving Linear Systems, Continued and The Inverse of a Matrix

Solving Linear Systems, Continued and The Inverse of a Matrix , Continued and The of a Matrix Calculus III Summer 2013, Session II Monday, July 15, 2013 Agenda 1. The rank of a matrix 2. The inverse of a square matrix Gaussian Gaussian solves a linear system by reducing

More information

15.062 Data Mining: Algorithms and Applications Matrix Math Review

15.062 Data Mining: Algorithms and Applications Matrix Math Review .6 Data Mining: Algorithms and Applications Matrix Math Review The purpose of this document is to give a brief review of selected linear algebra concepts that will be useful for the course and to develop

More information

Introduction to Matrix Algebra

Introduction to Matrix Algebra Psychology 7291: Multivariate Statistics (Carey) 8/27/98 Matrix Algebra - 1 Introduction to Matrix Algebra Definitions: A matrix is a collection of numbers ordered by rows and columns. It is customary

More information

Linear Equations ! 25 30 35$ & " 350 150% & " 11,750 12,750 13,750% MATHEMATICS LEARNING SERVICE Centre for Learning and Professional Development

Linear Equations ! 25 30 35$ &  350 150% &  11,750 12,750 13,750% MATHEMATICS LEARNING SERVICE Centre for Learning and Professional Development MathsTrack (NOTE Feb 2013: This is the old version of MathsTrack. New books will be created during 2013 and 2014) Topic 4 Module 9 Introduction Systems of to Matrices Linear Equations Income = Tickets!

More information

Solution of Linear Systems

Solution of Linear Systems Chapter 3 Solution of Linear Systems In this chapter we study algorithms for possibly the most commonly occurring problem in scientific computing, the solution of linear systems of equations. We start

More information

Recall the basic property of the transpose (for any A): v A t Aw = v w, v, w R n.

Recall the basic property of the transpose (for any A): v A t Aw = v w, v, w R n. ORTHOGONAL MATRICES Informally, an orthogonal n n matrix is the n-dimensional analogue of the rotation matrices R θ in R 2. When does a linear transformation of R 3 (or R n ) deserve to be called a rotation?

More information

Arithmetic and Algebra of Matrices

Arithmetic and Algebra of Matrices Arithmetic and Algebra of Matrices Math 572: Algebra for Middle School Teachers The University of Montana 1 The Real Numbers 2 Classroom Connection: Systems of Linear Equations 3 Rational Numbers 4 Irrational

More information

NOTES ON LINEAR TRANSFORMATIONS

NOTES ON LINEAR TRANSFORMATIONS NOTES ON LINEAR TRANSFORMATIONS Definition 1. Let V and W be vector spaces. A function T : V W is a linear transformation from V to W if the following two properties hold. i T v + v = T v + T v for all

More information

Typical Linear Equation Set and Corresponding Matrices

Typical Linear Equation Set and Corresponding Matrices EWE: Engineering With Excel Larsen Page 1 4. Matrix Operations in Excel. Matrix Manipulations: Vectors, Matrices, and Arrays. How Excel Handles Matrix Math. Basic Matrix Operations. Solving Systems of

More information

Applied Linear Algebra I Review page 1

Applied Linear Algebra I Review page 1 Applied Linear Algebra Review 1 I. Determinants A. Definition of a determinant 1. Using sum a. Permutations i. Sign of a permutation ii. Cycle 2. Uniqueness of the determinant function in terms of properties

More information

5. Orthogonal matrices

5. Orthogonal matrices L Vandenberghe EE133A (Spring 2016) 5 Orthogonal matrices matrices with orthonormal columns orthogonal matrices tall matrices with orthonormal columns complex matrices with orthonormal columns 5-1 Orthonormal

More information

MATH 304 Linear Algebra Lecture 9: Subspaces of vector spaces (continued). Span. Spanning set.

MATH 304 Linear Algebra Lecture 9: Subspaces of vector spaces (continued). Span. Spanning set. MATH 304 Linear Algebra Lecture 9: Subspaces of vector spaces (continued). Span. Spanning set. Vector space A vector space is a set V equipped with two operations, addition V V (x,y) x + y V and scalar

More information

Mathematics Course 111: Algebra I Part IV: Vector Spaces

Mathematics Course 111: Algebra I Part IV: Vector Spaces Mathematics Course 111: Algebra I Part IV: Vector Spaces D. R. Wilkins Academic Year 1996-7 9 Vector Spaces A vector space over some field K is an algebraic structure consisting of a set V on which are

More information

MATH2210 Notebook 1 Fall Semester 2016/2017. 1 MATH2210 Notebook 1 3. 1.1 Solving Systems of Linear Equations... 3

MATH2210 Notebook 1 Fall Semester 2016/2017. 1 MATH2210 Notebook 1 3. 1.1 Solving Systems of Linear Equations... 3 MATH0 Notebook Fall Semester 06/07 prepared by Professor Jenny Baglivo c Copyright 009 07 by Jenny A. Baglivo. All Rights Reserved. Contents MATH0 Notebook 3. Solving Systems of Linear Equations........................

More information

7. LU factorization. factor-solve method. LU factorization. solving Ax = b with A nonsingular. the inverse of a nonsingular matrix

7. LU factorization. factor-solve method. LU factorization. solving Ax = b with A nonsingular. the inverse of a nonsingular matrix 7. LU factorization EE103 (Fall 2011-12) factor-solve method LU factorization solving Ax = b with A nonsingular the inverse of a nonsingular matrix LU factorization algorithm effect of rounding error sparse

More information

Section 1.7 22 Continued

Section 1.7 22 Continued Section 1.5 23 A homogeneous equation is always consistent. TRUE - The trivial solution is always a solution. The equation Ax = 0 gives an explicit descriptions of its solution set. FALSE - The equation

More information

Department of Chemical Engineering ChE-101: Approaches to Chemical Engineering Problem Solving MATLAB Tutorial VI

Department of Chemical Engineering ChE-101: Approaches to Chemical Engineering Problem Solving MATLAB Tutorial VI Department of Chemical Engineering ChE-101: Approaches to Chemical Engineering Problem Solving MATLAB Tutorial VI Solving a System of Linear Algebraic Equations (last updated 5/19/05 by GGB) Objectives:

More information

HW6 Solutions. MATH 20D Fall 2013 Prof: Sun Hui TA: Zezhou Zhang (David) November 14, 2013. Checklist: Section 7.8: 1c, 2, 7, 10, [16]

HW6 Solutions. MATH 20D Fall 2013 Prof: Sun Hui TA: Zezhou Zhang (David) November 14, 2013. Checklist: Section 7.8: 1c, 2, 7, 10, [16] HW6 Solutions MATH D Fall 3 Prof: Sun Hui TA: Zezhou Zhang David November 4, 3 Checklist: Section 7.8: c,, 7,, [6] Section 7.9:, 3, 7, 9 Section 7.8 In Problems 7.8. thru 4: a Draw a direction field and

More information

CONTROLLABILITY. Chapter 2. 2.1 Reachable Set and Controllability. Suppose we have a linear system described by the state equation

CONTROLLABILITY. Chapter 2. 2.1 Reachable Set and Controllability. Suppose we have a linear system described by the state equation Chapter 2 CONTROLLABILITY 2 Reachable Set and Controllability Suppose we have a linear system described by the state equation ẋ Ax + Bu (2) x() x Consider the following problem For a given vector x in

More information

How To Understand And Solve Algebraic Equations

How To Understand And Solve Algebraic Equations College Algebra Course Text Barnett, Raymond A., Michael R. Ziegler, and Karl E. Byleen. College Algebra, 8th edition, McGraw-Hill, 2008, ISBN: 978-0-07-286738-1 Course Description This course provides

More information

Linear Algebra: Determinants, Inverses, Rank

Linear Algebra: Determinants, Inverses, Rank D Linear Algebra: Determinants, Inverses, Rank D 1 Appendix D: LINEAR ALGEBRA: DETERMINANTS, INVERSES, RANK TABLE OF CONTENTS Page D.1. Introduction D 3 D.2. Determinants D 3 D.2.1. Some Properties of

More information

These axioms must hold for all vectors ū, v, and w in V and all scalars c and d.

These axioms must hold for all vectors ū, v, and w in V and all scalars c and d. DEFINITION: A vector space is a nonempty set V of objects, called vectors, on which are defined two operations, called addition and multiplication by scalars (real numbers), subject to the following axioms

More information

Eigenvalues, Eigenvectors, Matrix Factoring, and Principal Components

Eigenvalues, Eigenvectors, Matrix Factoring, and Principal Components Eigenvalues, Eigenvectors, Matrix Factoring, and Principal Components The eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a square matrix play a key role in some important operations in statistics. In particular, they

More information

Factorization Theorems

Factorization Theorems Chapter 7 Factorization Theorems This chapter highlights a few of the many factorization theorems for matrices While some factorization results are relatively direct, others are iterative While some factorization

More information

2x + y = 3. Since the second equation is precisely the same as the first equation, it is enough to find x and y satisfying the system

2x + y = 3. Since the second equation is precisely the same as the first equation, it is enough to find x and y satisfying the system 1. Systems of linear equations We are interested in the solutions to systems of linear equations. A linear equation is of the form 3x 5y + 2z + w = 3. The key thing is that we don t multiply the variables

More information

Chapter 20. Vector Spaces and Bases

Chapter 20. Vector Spaces and Bases Chapter 20. Vector Spaces and Bases In this course, we have proceeded step-by-step through low-dimensional Linear Algebra. We have looked at lines, planes, hyperplanes, and have seen that there is no limit

More information

13 MATH FACTS 101. 2 a = 1. 7. The elements of a vector have a graphical interpretation, which is particularly easy to see in two or three dimensions.

13 MATH FACTS 101. 2 a = 1. 7. The elements of a vector have a graphical interpretation, which is particularly easy to see in two or three dimensions. 3 MATH FACTS 0 3 MATH FACTS 3. Vectors 3.. Definition We use the overhead arrow to denote a column vector, i.e., a linear segment with a direction. For example, in three-space, we write a vector in terms

More information

9 MATRICES AND TRANSFORMATIONS

9 MATRICES AND TRANSFORMATIONS 9 MATRICES AND TRANSFORMATIONS Chapter 9 Matrices and Transformations Objectives After studying this chapter you should be able to handle matrix (and vector) algebra with confidence, and understand the

More information

Chapter 12 Modal Decomposition of State-Space Models 12.1 Introduction The solutions obtained in previous chapters, whether in time domain or transfor

Chapter 12 Modal Decomposition of State-Space Models 12.1 Introduction The solutions obtained in previous chapters, whether in time domain or transfor Lectures on Dynamic Systems and Control Mohammed Dahleh Munther A. Dahleh George Verghese Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachuasetts Institute of Technology 1 1 c Chapter

More information