MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Transcription

1 Chapter 5 BIG REVIEW CC Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) The type of learning in which reflexive behaviors that would automatically follow one type of stimulus are elicited by different, formerly neutral stimuli, is called. A) classical conditioning B) cognitive restructuring C) operant conditioning D) vicarious learning 1) 2) The transfer of a response from a natural stimulus to another, previously neutral stimulus, is called. A) classical conditioning B) desensitization C) operant conditioning D) modeling 2) 3) We associate the name most closely with classical conditioning. A) E. L. Thorndike B) B. F. Skinner C) Albert Bandura D) Ivan Pavlov 3) 4) A researcher trains a dog to salivate to the sound of a bell by pairing the ringing of the bell with the presentation of meat. This type of learning is known as. A) classical conditioning B) cognitive learning C) vicarious learning D) operant conditioning 4) 5) A researcher trains a little boy to fear a rabbit by making a loud, frightening noise every time the boy approaches the rabbit. This type of learning is known as. A) cognitive learning B) classical conditioning C) operant conditioning D) vicarious learning 5) 6) By pairing the ringing of a bell with the presentation of meat, Pavlov trained dogs to salivate to the sound of a bell even when no meat was presented. In this experiment, the presentation of the meat was the. A) conditioned stimulus B) unconditioned response C) unconditioned stimulus D) conditioned response 6) 7) By pairing the ringing of a bell with the presentation of meat, Pavlov trained dogs to salivate to the sound of a bell even when no meat was presented. In this experiment, the ringing of the bell was the. A) conditioned stimulus B) unconditioned stimulus 7) 8) By pairing the ringing of a bell with the presentation of meat, Pavlov trained dogs to salivate to the sound of a bell even when no meat was presented. In this experiment, salivation to the meat was the. A) unconditioned stimulus B) conditioned response C) unconditioned response D) conditioned stimulus 8) 1

2 9) By pairing the ringing of a bell with the presentation of meat, Pavlov trained dogs to salivate to the sound of a bell even when no meat was presented. In this experiment, salivation to the bell was the. A) conditioned stimulus B) conditioned response C) unconditioned response. D) unconditioned stimulus 9) 10) A response that takes place in an organism whenever an unconditioned stimulus occurs is a(n). A) conditioned response B) vicarious response C) unconditioned response D) reflex 10) 11) An originally neutral stimulus that is paired with an unconditioned stimulus and eventually produces the desired response when presented alone is a(n). A) reinforcer B) conditioned stimulus C) antecedent D) unconditioned stimulus 11) 12) After conditioning, the response an organism produces when only a conditioned stimulus is presented is a(n). A) vicarious response B) conditioned response C) reflex 12) 13) Rachel has found that when she opens the cupboard door to get the cat food, the cats come running to the kitchen. Rachel knows that this is classical conditioning and that the unconditioned stimulus is the. A) cat food B) cat C) cupboard door opening D) running of the cats 13) 14) Rachel has found that when she opens the cupboard door to get the cat food, the cats come running to the kitchen. Rachel knows that this is classical conditioning and that the conditioned stimulus is the. A) running of the cats B) cupboard door opening C) cat D) cat food 14) 15) Rachel has found that when she opens the cupboard door to get the cat food, the cats come running to the kitchen. Rachel knows that this is classical conditioning and that the unconditioned stimulus is the and the conditioned stimulus is the. A) cat food; kitchen B) kitchen; cat food C) cupboard door opening; cat food D) cat food; cupboard door opening 15) 16) An experimenter finds that a certain male subject always has an increased heartbeat when he hears a certain piece of music. The experimenter sounds a buzzer and then plays the piece of music. The experimenter repeats this procedure until the man responds with an increased heartbeat to the sound of the buzzer alone. In this situation, the unconditioned response is. A) the sound of the buzzer B) an increased heartbeat C) the piece of music D) listening to the music 16) 2

3 17) An experimenter finds that a certain male subject always has an increased heartbeat when he hears a certain piece of music. The experimenter sounds a buzzer and then plays the piece of music. The experimenter repeats this procedure until the man responds with an increased heartbeat to the sound of the buzzer alone. In this situation, the conditioned response is. A) an increased heartbeat B) listening to the music C) the piece of music D) the sound of the buzzer 17) 18) An experimenter finds that a certain male subject always has an increased heartbeat when he hears a certain piece of music. The experimenter sounds a buzzer and then plays the piece of music. The experimenter repeats this procedure until the man responds with an increased heartbeat to the sound of the buzzer alone. In this situation, the unconditioned response is and the conditioned response is. A) an increased heartbeat; an increased heartbeat B) listening to the music; an increased heartbeat C) listening to the music; listening to the music 18) 19) Gloria, the star in the school play, must cry when her father tells her to leave home. During rehearsal, Gloria holds an onion near her eyes when her father tells her to leave. The onion serves as the while being told to leave home is the. A) US; UR B) CS; US C) US; CS D) CS; UR 19) 20) Every morning a train goes by my house at 6:30 when I am just sitting down to breakfast. Lately, however, the train has been coming by at 4:30 and I am having a terrible time getting back to sleep because I'm so hungry. In this example of classical conditioning, the conditioned stimulus is and the conditioned response is. A) the sound of the train; going back to sleep B) the sound of the train; hunger C) eating breakfast; hunger 20) 21) Classical conditioning has been demonstrated. A) only in dogs B) in all forms of animals except insects C) only in mammals D) in humans and in other animals. 21) 22) Pairing the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus on only a portion of the learning trials is called. A) intermittent pairing B) sporadic pairing C) partial reinforcement D) shaping 22) 23) The use of intermittent pairing the rate of learning while it the final strength of the learned response. A) increases; increases B) reduces; increases C) increases; reduces D) reduces; reduces 23) 24) Intense, irrational fears of particular things, activities, or situations are called. A) phobias B) response generalizations C) generalized anxieties D) idiosyncrasies 24) 3

4 25) One of the best known examples of classical conditioning was the Little Albert study, conducted by. A) Skinner B) Pavlov C) Freud D) Watson 25) 26) In the experiment with Little Albert, the conditioned stimulus was. A) Albert B) the loud noise C) the rat 26) 27) In the experiment with Little Albert, the conditioned response was fear of the. A) loud noise B) experimenter C) rat D) laboratory 27) 28) In the experiment with Little Albert, the unconditioned response was fear of the. A) laboratory B) rat C) experimenter D) loud noise 28) 29) In the Watson and Rayner study of Little Albert, the white rat was the and the loud noise was the. A) CS; US B) US; UR C) US; CS D) CS; CR 29) 30) In the Watson and Rayner study of Little Albert, the UR was and the CR was. A) the loud noise; the white rat B) crying and crawling away; crying and crawling away C) crawling toward the rat and playing with it; crying and crawling away 30) 31) An experimenter attempting to classically condition a new behavior in a dog unintentionally presents the CS without the US several times during the conditioning process. She finds that this intermittent pairing. A) has no effect on the rate of learning or the strength of the final learned response B) reduces the rate of learning and the strength of the final learned response 31) 32) Mary Cover Jones first demonstrated that children's fears can be. A) learned through classical conditioning B) unlearned through operant conditioning C) unlearned through classical conditioning 32) 33) A kind of therapy closely related to classical conditioning that is designed to gradually reduce anxiety about a particular object or situation is known as therapy. A) desensitization B) conditioned C) response D) psychoanalytic 33) 34) Desensitization therapy is based primarily on the principles of. A) operant conditioning B) vicarious learning C) classical conditioning 34) 35) Wolpe's therapy for treating anxiety, which involves the pairing of relaxation training with a hierarchical list of fearful situations, is called. A) desensitization B) aversive conditioning C) operant conditioning D) shaping 35) 36) The person most closely associated with the development of desensitization therapy is. A) Joseph Wolpe B) B. F. Skinner C) Sigmund Freud 36) 4

5 37) Desensitization therapy is most closely related to. A) avoidance learning B) operant conditioning C) classical conditioning 37) 38) Researchers have discovered that many autoimmune disorders can be successfully controlled without drug treatments through the use of procedures. A) operant conditioning B) vicarious learning C) classical conditioning D) desensitization 38) 39) The process by which some stimuli, such as snakes, serve readily as conditioned stimuli for certain responses, such as fear in humans, is called. A) response acquisition B) the diathesis-stress model C) preparedness D) mental set 39) 40) The psychologist most closely associated with the concept of preparedness is. A) Wolpe B) Jones C) Bandura D) Seligman 40) 41) Conditioned taste aversions are typically learned after pairing(s) between the aversive food and the nauseous reaction to it. A) two to four B) six to eight C) only one D) four to six 41) 42) Conditioned taste aversions are found. A) only in humans B) in virtually all animals C) only in nonhuman animals D) in humans and other animals with a well-developed sense of taste 42) 43) In the experiment with Little Albert, the unconditioned stimulus was the. A) laboratory B) loud noise C) rat D) experimenter 43) TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 44) Learning that involves transfer of a natural response from one stimulus to another previously neutral stimulus is called classical conditioning. 44) 45) Ringing a bell usually makes a dog's mouth water. 45) 46) Learning by classical conditioning plays a significant role in the lives of most animals. 46) 47) Classical conditioning usually occurs after only one pairing of the US and the CS. 47) 48) In classical conditioning, intermittent pairing reduces both the rate of learning and the final level of learning achieved. 48) 49) Watson's Little Albert study demonstrated the effectiveness of classical conditioning in humans. 49) 50) Desensitization therapy is based on classical conditioning techniques. 50) 5

6 Answer Key Testname: CH 5 BIG REVIEW CC 1) A 2) A 3) D 4) A 5) B 6) C 7) A 8) C 9) B 10) C 11) B 12) B 13) A 14) B 15) D 16) B 17) A 18) A 19) C 20) B 21) D 22) A 23) D 24) A 25) D 26) C 27) C 28) D 29) A 30) B 31) B 32) C 33) A 34) C 35) A 36) A 37) C 38) C 39) C 40) D 41) C 42) D 43) B 44) TRUE 45) FALSE 46) TRUE 47) FALSE 48) TRUE 49) TRUE 6

7 Answer Key Testname: CH 5 BIG REVIEW CC 50) TRUE 7