CHAPTER 4 LESSON 1 COLONIAL ECONOMY

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1 CHAPTER 4 LESSON 1 COLONIAL ECONOMY NEW ENGLAND ECONOMY CLIMATE WAS HARSH, SOIL WAS ROCKY, RIVERS WEREN T GOOD MOST FARMS DIDN T PRODUCE CASH CROPS DID NOT NEED LARGE NUMBERS OF FARM LABORERS SLAVERY WAS NOT AS IMPORTANT MAKING A LIVING MOSTLY PRACTICED SUBSISTENCE FARMING TOOK CARE OF FAMILY NEEDS ONLY USED ALL MEMBERS OF THE FAMILY WOMEN MADE CLOTHES, CANDLES, SOAPS OCEAN S RICHES FISHING AND SHIPBUILDING WERE TWO MAJOR INDUSTRIES COD, MACKEREL, AND HALIBUT WHALING WAS GOOD FOR FOOD AND THE OIL WAS USED FOR LIGHTING SHIP YARDS DEVELOPED THROUGHOUT NEW ENGLAND TOWNS MIDDLE COLONIES COMBINED THE ECONOMIES OF NEW ENGLAND AND THE SOUTHERN COLONIES FARMED WHEAT, BARLEY, AND OATS GREW CASH CROPS, SOLD FOR PROFIT TOOK GOODS TO PORTS IN NEW YORK CITY AND PHILADELPHIA BECAME LARGEST COLONIAL CITIES HAD LARGE INDUSTRY LUMBER MILLS AND MINES SMALL INDUSTRIES CARPENTRY AND FLOUR MAKING MIDDLE COLONIES ATRRACTED IMMIGRANTS BROUGHT ABOUT CULTURAL DIVERSITY

2 THE SOUTHERN ECONOMY LARGE PLANTATIONS WERE COMMON TIDEWATER AREA COULD HAVE AS MANY AS 200 SLAVES ECONOMY RELIED ON AGRICULTURE AND RAW MATERIALS EXPORTED RAW MATERIALS TO OVERSEAS MARKETS GREW TOBACCO, THEN RICE COTTON WAS TOO EXPENSIVE AND DIFFICULT TO HARVEST GROWTH OF SLAVERY WIDELY PRACTICED IN WEST AFRICA COLONIES BROUGHT DEMAND FOR MORE SLAVES WERE WAR CAPTIVES THAT WERE SOLD TO EUROPEANS WERE LOADED ON SHIPS TO HEAD TO AMERICA MIDDLE PASSAGE ALSO CALLED THE TRIANGULAR TRADE SLAVE TRADE BROUGHT 13 MILLION AFRICANS TO THE COLONIES JOURNEY LASTED THREE MONTHS PACKED AS TIGHTLY AS POSSIBLE CHAINED TOGETHER, COULD HARDLY SIT OR STAND SICK WERE THROWN OVERBOARD PLANTATIONS AND SLAVERY CASH CROPS REQUIRED HARD LABOR AND LOTS OF PEOPLE AFRICANS BECAME THE MAIN LABOR FORCE TENDED TO THE FIELDS AND DID THE SKILLED LABOR NEEDED SLAVE CODES LAWS TO CONTROL SLAVES COULD NOT OWN WEAPONS OR HOLD TOWN MEETINGS AFRAID THEY MIGHT REVOLT SOME AREAS MADE IT ILLEGAL TO FREE SLAVES PUNISHMENTS WERE FROM WHIPPINGS TO HANGING SOME BURNED TO DEATH

3 OPPOSITION SOME OPPOSED THE SLAVE TRADE QUAKERS AND MENNONITES MADE THE FIRST RECORDED PROTESTS SLAVERY STILL EXISTED IN ALL THE COLONIES AND WAS IMPORTANT TO THE COLONIAL ECONOMY LESSON 2 COLONIAL GOVERNMENT ENGLISH GOVERNMENT BROUGHT BRITISH IDEAS WITH THEM TWO MAJOR PRINCIPLES OF GOVERNMENT PROTECTED RIGHTS REPRESENTATIVE LEGISLATURES BECAME IMPORT AMERICAN IDEALS INFLUENCIAL IN OUR CONSTITUTION PROTECTED RIGHTS WAS FIRST USED IN THE MAGNA CARTA THAT KING JOHN SIGNED (1215) PROTECTION AGAINST UNJUST TREATMENT AND PUNISHMENT KINGS AND QUEENS ARE NOW BOUND BY LAWS ALSO REPRESENTATIVE GOVERNMENT PARLIAMENT HAD A BICAMERAL LEGISLATURE HOUSE OF LORDS UPPER CLASS, ELITE PEOPLE HOUSE OF COMMONS MERCHANTS AND PROPERTY OWNERS BEGIN A STRUGGLE FOR POWER WITH KING JAMES II REMOVE HIM FROM HIS POSITION GLORIOUS REVOLUTION PARLIAMENT ASKED WILLIAM AND MARY TO LEAD ENGLAND PROMISED TO FOLLOW ENGLISH LAWS LIMITED THE POWER OF THE KINGS PARLIAMENT GAINED IN STRENGTH

4 ENGLISH BILL OF RIGHTS RULER COULD NOT IMPOSE TAXES OR SUSPEND LAWS UNLESS PARLIAMENT APPROVED FREE ELECTIONS FOR PARLIAMENT CITIZENS GOT THE RIGHT TO A TRIAL BY JURY ALSO BANNED CRUEL AND UNUSUAL PUNISHMENT GOVERNING THE COLONIES KING GRANTED THE CHARTERS PROPRIETARY COLONIES HAD AN OWNER OR GROUP OF OWNERS ROYAL COLONIES WERE UNDER DIRECT ENGLISH CONTROL ORGANIZATION EACH HAD A GOVERNOR AND COUNCIL UPPER HOUSE THE COLONIES ELECTED AN ASSEMBLY -- LOWER HOUSE GOVERNOR AND ASSEMBLIES FOUGHT AT TIMES ESPECIALLY OVER TAXES OR TRADE LAWS LOCAL GOVERNMENT LANDOWNERS HELD THE RIGHT TO VOTE AND PASS LAWS DEVELOPED A STRONG BELIEF IN REPRESENTATIVE GOVERNMENT TOWN MEETINGS WERE IMPORTANT SET THE STAGE FOR THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION ECONOMIC POLICIES THE KING WANTED TO ENSURE THAT THE COLONIES BROUGHT ECONOMIC PROFIT THEY FOLLOWED THE PRACTICE OF MERCANTILISM CAREFULLY CONTROLLING TRADE WANTED A FAVORABLE BALANCE OF TRADE HAVE TO HAVE FEWER IMPORTS THAN EXPORTS MERCANTILISM COLONIES NEEDED TO SUPPLY RAW MATERIALS AND BE A MARKET FOR EXPORTS TOBACCO, RICE, FISH, INDIGO WERE TO BE BROUGHT TO ENGLAND COLONIES WOULD BUY TOOLS, CLOTHES, AND FURNITURE FROM BRITISH MERCHANTS

5 NAVIGATION ACTS ACTS TO REGULATE TRADE WITH THE COLONIES IN THE 1650 S IN 1660, COLONISTS COULDN T TRADE WITH OTHER COUNTRIES HAD TO GO TO ENGLAND FIRST AND BE TAXED COLONIES HAD TO SELL RAW MATERIALS DIRECTLY TO ENGLAND RESISTANCE AT FIRST COLONISTS APROVED BECAUSE THEY HAD A SURE MARKET FOR THEIR GOODS ENGLAND THOUGHT THE NAVIGATION ACTS WERE FAIR EVENTUALLY COLONISTS THOUGHT ENGLAND PROFITED TOO MUCH BEGAN SMUGGLING GOODS IN CAUSED CONFLICT BETWEEN COLONIES AND ENGLAND LESSON 3 CULTURE AND SOCIETY LIFE IN THE COLONIES IMMIGRATION WAS IMPRTANT IN THE COLONIES PEOPLE MOVING TO A NEW COUNTRY ALMOST 700,000 NEW PEOPLE CAME WOMEN WERE MARRYING YOUNG HAVING LARGE FAMILES LIFE WAS FRAGILE WOMEN DIED IN CHILDBIRTH EPIDEMICS KILLED MANY PEOPLE FAMILY ROLES MEN WERE HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD SONS WORKED AS INDENTURED SERVANTS OR WERE APPRENTICES WOMEN RAN HOUSEHOLDS AND CARED FOR THE CHILDREN HAD FEW RIGHTS CHILDREN AS YOUNG AS FIVE HAD JOBS

6 EDUCATION PARENTS TAUGHT CHILDREN TO READ AND WRITE THOUGHT READING THE BIBLE WAS IMPORTANT MOST SCHOOLS WERE PRIVATE WOMEN RAN MANY OF THEM EARLIEST COLLEGES WERE TO TRAIN MINISTERS THE GREAT AWAKENING A RETURN TO THE STRONG FAITH OF EARLIER DAYS JONATHAN EDWARDS WAS A LEADER GEORGE WHITFIELD WAS ALSO IMPORTANT PREACHED IN OPEN FIELDS ALL OVER EMPHASIS ON FAITH, NOT RITUALS ENLIGHTENMENT ALSO KNOWN AS THE AGE OF REASON MOST TAUGHT THEMSELVES THROUGH CAREFUL OBSERVATION OF THE WORLD AROUND THEM PROMOTED FREEDOM OF THOUGHT AND EXPRESSION FREEDOM MANY NEWSPAPERS WERE CENSORED BANNING WRITING BECAUSE THEY WERE UNPOPULAR JOHN PETER ZENGER CRITICIZED THE GOVENOR OF N.Y. WAS THROWN IN JAIL EVEN THOUGH EVERYTHING WAS TRUE CIVIC VIRTUE DEMOCRATIC IDEAS AND PRACTICES THAT FORM A FREE SOCIETY BENJAMIN FRANKLIN SHOWED IT VERY WELL BECAME THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF A NEW NATION Lesson 4 RIVALRY IN NORTH AMERICA EARLY RIVALRY BRITAIN AND FRANCE WERE BIGGEST POWERS COMPETED FOR CONTROL OF NORTH AMERICA BOTH CLAIMED THE OHIO RIVER VALLEY FRENCH BUILT MANY FORTS BRITISH BUILT FORT DUQUESNE

7 CONFRONTATION GOVERNOR OF VIRGINIA SENT THE MILITIA TO THE AREA LED BY GEORGE WASHINGTON SET UP FORT NECECESSITY BY PITTSBURGH FRENCH FORCE WASHINGTON TO SURRENDER RELEASE THEM BACK TO VIRGINIA NATIVE AMERICANS FRENCH HAD MANY INDIAN ALLIES WEREN T TAKING LAND MARRIED NATIVE WOMEN MISSIONARIES CONVERTED THEM TO CATHOLICISM DISTRUSTED THE BRITISH, PUSHING INTO THEIR LANDS IRIQUOIS CONFEDERACY CONFEDERCY OF SIX INDIAN NATIONS MET IN ALBANY, NY (JUNE 1754) REFUSED TO ALLY WITH THE BRITISH PROMISED TO REMAIN NEUTRAL ALBANY PLAN OF UNION BENJAMIN FRANKLIN PROPOSE PLAN FOR A CENTRAL GOVERNMENT EACH COLONY WOULD HAVE TO GIVE UP SOME POWER NOT WILLING TO DO SO ALBANY PLAN DISLIKED BY ENGLISH AND AMERICANS, FAILS FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR FRENCH CAPTURED MANY BRITISH FORTS EARLY NATIVES BURNED FARMHOUSES AND CROPS PRIME MINISTER WILLIAM PITT DECIDES TO CONCENTRATE ON NORTH AMERICA BRITISH PAID FOR THE WAR WOULD RAISE TAXES LATER TO GET MONEY BACK

8 BATTLES WANTED TO CONQUER FRENCH CANADA BRITISH WON A VICTORY AT FORT LOUISBOURG (NOVA SCOTIA) ALSO CAPTURED FORT FRONTENAC (LAKE ONTARIO) TOOK FORT DUQUESNE (FORT PITT) FINALLY ATTACK QUEBEC IN SEPTEMBER 1759 END OF FRANCE IN NORTH AMERICA TREATY OF PARIS 1763 CEDES TO GREAT BRITAIN ALL OF NORTH AMERICA EAST OF MISSISSIPPI RECEIVED FLORIDA FROM THE SPANISH SPAIN GOT LOUISIANA AND PORT OF NEW ORLEANS NOW ONLY SPAIN AND GREAT BRITAIN IN NEW WORLD NATIVE PROBLEMS NATIVE AMERICANS LOST FRENCH ALLIES RAISED PRICES FOR GOODS DID NOT PAY TO USE THE LAND BEGAN SETTLING NATIVE LANDS SAW BRITISH AS A THREAT TO THEIR WAY OF LIFE PONTIACS WAR CHIEF OF AN OTTAWA VILLAGE ATTACKED BRITISH KILLED SETTLERS IN FRONTIER AREAS KING GEORGE DECLARED NO SETTLING THE LAND WEST OF APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS SENT 10,000 TROOPS INTO THE AREA PROCLAMATION OF 1763 ENDED MUCH OF THE CONFLICT WITH THE NATIVES KEPT THE COLONISTS ON THE COAST HATED THAT THEY WERE LIMITED INTERFERES WITH THEIR LIBERTIES BEGAN TO DISTRUST EACH OTHER DEBT BRITAIN S FINANCIAL PROBLEMS LED TO TROUBLE NEED TO TAX COLONIES BECAUSE OF THE WAR STRENGTHENED TRADE RULES - THIS LED TO CONFLICT AND EVENTUALLY REVOLUTION