Chapter 2: Europe Looks Outward. Chapter 2.4: France and the Netherlands in North America
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1 Chapter 2: Europe Looks Outward Chapter 2.4: France and the Netherlands in North America
2 Section Focus Question What impact did the establishment of French and Dutch colonies in North America have on Native Americans?
3 New France The French began to settle colonies in the early 1600 s Samuel de Champlain mapped the lands along the St. Lawrence River established the settlement of Quebec his activities gave the French an influence in the region
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5 Life in New France New France developed differently than New Spain The Spanish sought gold, silver, and other precious metals while the French profited from fish and furs The Spanish forced Native Americans into harsh labor while the French traded with Native Americans
6 Life in New France The pattern was set as early as Champlain s explorations He established the colony s first settlement a trading post in today s Nova Scotia He convinced local Indians to bring pelts to the trading posts established by the French These trading posts became busy centers of commerce
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8 Life in New France French traders paddled large canoes into the wilderness to find and acquire pelts Many of them lived with, married, and started families within Native American societies
9 Life in New France Not until the late 1600 s did the French begin to farm in large numbers the market for furs was in decline Indian warfare disrupted the fur trade 3,000 settlers were sent to New France
10 Exploring the Mississippi The same economic and religious motives that established New France also inspired expansion Father Jacques Marquette founded two missions along the Great Lakes French traders explored the Great Lakes region for new sources of furs
11 Exploring the Mississippi In 1673, Marquette and Joliet made their way down the Mississippi River Although they did not find a northwest passage, they provided the French a water route into the heart of North America
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13 French trappers explored the: St. Lawrence River The Great Lakes The Mississippi River (as far south as the Gulf of Mexico) This region became known as Louisiana The French built forts along the Mississippi River... including New Orleans at its mouth The French also built forts along the Great Lakes... including Fort Detroit, near Lake Erie
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15 Building New Netherland Dutch land claims in north America were based on Henry Hudson s explorations of the Hudson River In 1610, Dutch traders began a busy trade with Native Americans in the Hudson River valley The trade was so profitable, the Dutch West India Company decided to establish a permanent colony
16 Building New Netherland Peter Minuit (1626) led a group of Dutch settlers to the mouth of the Hudson River and purchased Manhattan Island from the Indians He called this settlement New Amsterdam (Today, it is the site of New York City)
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24 The region became known as New Netherland
25 As trappers, the Dutch became fierce rivals of the French and their Indian allies (Dutch + Iroquois) (French + Algonquins)
26 Impact on Native Americans European diseases... (although less died than in New Spain) Rivalry over the fur trade increased Indian warfare Overtrapping (by 1640) Missionaries tried to convert Indians to Christianity Indians influenced by European trade goods (copper knives, muskets, alcohol) The French, Dutch, and English all seized Indian lands
27 Section Focus Question What impact did the establishment of French and Dutch colonies in North America have on Native Americans?
28 Review Question #1 a) Identify two ways in which New France was similar to New Spain. b) Identify two ways in which the two colonies were different. Question #2 Based on what we have discussed, make a generalization about how the arrival of French and Dutch settlers affected Native Americans. List three facts to support your generalization.
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