WORLD STEEL IN FIGURES 2015

Transcription

1 WORLD STEEL IN FIGURES 2015

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD Foreword...3 Sustainable steel...4 CRUDE STEEL PRODUCTION World crude steel production, 1950 to...7 Top steel-producing companies,...8 Major steel-producing countries, 2013 and...9 Crude steel production by process, Continuously-cast steel output, 2012 to Monthly crude steel production, 2011 to STEEL USE Steel production and use: geographical distribution, Steel production and use: geographical distribution, Apparent steel use, 2008 to Apparent steel use per capita, 2008 to RAW MATERIALS Pig iron, 2013 and Direct reduced iron production, 2007 to Iron ore, World iron ore trade by area, Trade in ferrous scrap, 2013 and...22 World trade in ferrous scrap by area,...23 STEEL TRADE World steel trade, 1975 to World volume of trade, 2000 to World steel exports, analysis by product, 2009 to World steel trade by area,...26 Major importers and exporters of steel, INDIRECT TRADE Indirect trade in steel, 2000 to Major indirect importers and exporters of steel, True steel use, 2007 to Apparent and true steel use per capita, Despite continued turbulence around the world in, it has been another record year for the steel industry. Crude steel production totalled 1,665 million tonnes (Mt), an increase of 1% compared to also saw the emergence of a new phase in steel markets. For the past decade, the steel industry was dominated by events in. The evidence is that the steel industry is now entering a period of pause before undoubtedly picking up again when markets other than drive new demand. Nobody can predict exactly when or where. Today, represents around 48% of the global market for steel. This will decline in years to come. The impact of urbanisation will have a key role to play in the future. It is estimated that a little more than 1 billion people will move to towns and cities between now and This major flow will create substantial new demand for steel to be used in infrastructure developments such as water, energy and mass transit systems as well as major construction and housing programmes. Steel is a truly innovative material necessary for society to survive and advance. It is adaptable enough to meet existing and future challenges and has evolved to meet the challenges of high speed railway, high rise buildings, the revolution in automobile design, renewable energy and deep sea marine applications. More and more today we want to maintain the strength of steel, but also want it to be light enough to compete with alternative materials. Steel has been able to satisfy all of these demands and will continue to do so into the future. Perhaps the most important impact steel can have is at the heart of the circular economy, which demands zero waste and reduced use of new materials as well as encouraging the reuse and recycling of materials all fundamental advantages of using steel. This booklet provides a comprehensive overview of steel industry activities, stretching from production to steel use to some indications of global trade flows. I hope you will find it useful. For details on the notation used in this publication, please refer to page 30. Dr Edwin Basson Director General 3

3 SUSTAINABLE STEEL Steel in the circular economy Steel enables a sustainable society, through a circular economy, accounting for the full life cycle of steel products. A global circular economy promotes zero waste, a reduction in the amount of materials used, and encourages the reuse and recycling of materials. These are all fundamental advantages of steel, which is reusable and 100% recyclable. The development of stronger, more efficient and lighter steels for many applications, such as cars, wind turbines, residential housing or skyscrapers, is also contributing to substantial natural resources and energy savings both in the production and use phases. Sustainability reporting The steel industry is committed to being transparent about its sustainability performance. Measuring performance is the first step in making progress and having defined indicators allows companies to benchmark themselves and encourages further improvement. Since 2004, when the first sustainability report for the global steel industry was published, worldsteel members have been reporting on a yearly basis on eight sustainability indicators. The report is made public every year in October. In addition, many members also report individually on their sustainability performance. Safety and health The ultimate goal is to achieve zero incidents and zero fatalities across the industry. The lost time injury frequency rate (LTIFR) has improved dramatically since 2004 with a 65% decrease but the industry s ultimate aim is to reach zero. A life cycle approach worldsteel has developed and supports the use of a rigorous Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology for steel products to enable designers to make informed material choices and for the development of appropriate legislation. An LCA of a product looks at resources, energy and emissions from the raw material extraction phase to its end-of-life phase, including use, recycling and disposal. LCA ensures that the overall environmental impact of a product is considered. worldsteel also collects life cycle inventory (LCI) data from steel plants all around the world. In 2015, new LCI datasets will be made available to further encourage a life cycle approach for product design and material selection. Injuries / million hours worked Contractor Lost Time Injury Frequency Rate Combined Lost Time Injury Frequency Rate Employee Lost Time Injury Frequency Rate In a move to further increase safety awareness, worldsteel and its members launched an annual global Steel Safety Day in. All participating companies were requested to carry out a safety audit across the entire company from CEOs to engineers to managers, operators and service providers in order to raise the awareness of the main causes of incidents. A second global campaign was launched in 2015 with a special focus on the risks associated with moving machinery. The results will be published later in the year

4 SUSTAINABLE STEEL WORLD CRUDE STEEL PRODUCTION 1950 TO Environmental protection million tonnes Climate change is a significant challenge for the steel industry in the 21 st century. worldsteel encourages all steel-producing companies in the world to participate in its climate action programme, which is the collection and reporting, on a confidential basis, of CO 2 emissions plant-by-plant using an agreed methodology (ISO 14404:2013 standards). worldsteel also produces technical reports to help improve the environmental performance of steel plants around the globe. Most of these reports are kept up-to-date through web-based sharing and benchmarking systems. Years World Years World , , , , , ,238 Years World , , , ,649 1,665 Education and training The steel industry directly employs more than two million people worldwide, plus two million contractors and four million people in supporting industries. Including industries such as construction, transport and energy, the steel industry is a source of employment for more than 50 million people. Employee training is essential for both business and personal growth. steeluniversity, a worldsteel initiative, is an online industry university delivering education and training to current and future employees of steel companies and related businesses. Steel makes our world a better place The steel industry is the second biggest industry in the world after oil and gas with an estimated global turnover of 900 billion USD. Steel is used in every important industry: energy, construction, automotive and transportation, infrastructure, packaging and machinery. It is also the main material used in delivering renewable energy such as thermal, solar and tidal power. The housing and construction sector is the largest consumer of steel today, using around 50% of steel produced. By 2050, steel use is projected to increase to be 1.5 times higher than present levels in order to meet the needs of a growing population. 1,800 1,600 1,400 1,200 1, Average Growth Rates % per annum Years World

5 TOP STEEL-PRODUCING COMPANIES MAJOR STEEL-PRODUCING COUNTRIES 2013 AND million tonnes crude steel production Rank Company Tonnage Rank Company Tonnage 1 ArcelorMittal (1) IMIDRO (1) NSSMC (1) Severstal (1) (2) Hebei Steel Group (1) Fangda Steel Baosteel Group (1) SAIL (1) POSCO (1) MMK (1) Shagang Group JSW Steel Limited (1) Ansteel Group (1) Rizhao Steel Wuhan Steel Group (1) Metinvest Holding (1) JFE (1) Anyang Steel Shougang Group (1) Taiyuan Steel Tata Steel Group (1) Baotou Steel Shandong Steel Group Jingye Steel Nucor Corporation (1) Jiuquan Steel Hyundai Steel Company (1) Zongheng Steel U. S. Steel Corporation (1) Techint Group (1) Gerdau (1) Sanming Steel Maanshan Steel (1) Jinxi Steel (3) Tianjin Bohai Steel Zenith Steel ThyssenKrupp (1) Xinyu Steel Benxi Steel Erdemir Group (1) NLMK (1) Guofeng Steel Evraz Group (1) SSAB (1) (4) Steel Corporation (1) Nanjing Steel Valin Group voestalpine Group (1) Jianlong Group Citic Pacific 7.93 (1) worldsteel members (2) Includes pro-rata tonnage of former Severstal North America, namely Dearborn, owned by AK Steel Corporation from July, and Columbus, owned by Steel Dynamics from September. (3) Also known as Oriental Group, which is partially owned (47.02%) by ArcelorMittal, a member of worldsteel. (4) SSAB tonnage includes former Rautaruukki Oyj. Notes on company ownership and tonnage calculations: For worldsteel members, the data was sourced from their official tonnage declaration. For Chinese companies, the official CISA tonnage publication was used. In cases of more than 50% ownership, 100% of the subsidiary s tonnage is included. In cases of 30%-50% ownership, pro-rata tonnage is included. Unless otherwise specified, less than 30% ownership is considered a minority interest and therefore not included. For an extended company listing, go to worldsteel.org/statistics/top-producers. million tonnes crude steel production Country 2013 Rank Tonnage Rank Tonnage Japan United States India South Korea Russia Germany Turkey Brazil Ukraine Italy Taiwan, Mexico Iran France Spain Canada United Kingdom Poland Austria Belgium Netherlands South Africa Egypt Saudi Arabia Viet Nam (e) Argentina Czech Republic Malaysia (e) Slovak Republic Australia Sweden Finland Kazakhstan Thailand (e) Romania Qatar Indonesia (e) Byelorussia United Arab Emirates Luxembourg Portugal (e) Venezuela Switzerland (e) Philippines (e) North Korea (e) Colombia Hungary Chile Peru Others World 1, ,

6 CRUDE STEEL PRODUCTION BY PROCESS, CONTINUOUSLY-CAST STEEL OUTPUT 2012 TO Million tonnes Oxygen % Electric % Open hearth % Other % Total % Austria Belgium Bulgaria Croatia Czech Republic Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Poland Portugal (e) Romania Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden United Kingdom European Union (28) Turkey Others Other Europe Russia Ukraine Other CIS CIS Canada Mexico United States NAFTA Argentina Brazil Chile Venezuela Others Central and South America Egypt (e) South Africa Other Africa Africa Iran Saudi Arabia Other Middle East Middle East India Japan South Korea Taiwan, Other Asia Asia 1, Australia New Zealand Total of above countries 1, The countries in this table accounted for more than 99% of world crude steel production in. Million tonnes % Crude steel output Austria Belgium Bulgaria Croatia Czech Republic Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Latvia (e) Luxembourg Netherlands Poland Portugal (e) Romania Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden United Kingdom European Union (28) Turkey Others Other Europe Russia Ukraine Other CIS CIS Canada Mexico United States NAFTA Argentina Brazil Venezuela Other Latin America Central and South America Egypt (e) South Africa Other Africa Africa Iran Saudi Arabia Other Middle East Middle East India (e) Japan South Korea Taiwan, Other Asia Asia , , Australia New Zealand Total of above countries 1, , , The countries in this table accounted for more than 99% of world crude steel production in

7 million tonnes Total 65 reporting countries 145 million tonnes NAFTA 11 MONTHLY CRUDE STEEL PRODUCTION 2011 TO actual data deseasonalised data actual data deseasonalised data European Union (28) 17 actual data deseasonalised data Central and South America actual data deseasonalised data CIS (6) 10.0 Japan actual data deseasonalised data The 65 reporting countries Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Byelorussia, Canada, Chile,, Colombia, Croatia, Cuba, Czech Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Hungary, India, Iran, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Libya, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Mexico, Moldova, Morocco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Taiwan,, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, and Venezuela. In, these 65 countries accounted for more than 98% of world crude steel production actual data deseasonalised data actual data deseasonalised data

8 STEEL PRODUCTION AND USE: GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION 2004 STEEL PRODUCTION AND USE: GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION Crude steel production World total: 1,064 million tonnes Crude steel production World total: 1,665 million tonnes Other Asia 11.1% Japan 10.6% Others 8.1% 25.6% EU (28) 19.0% NAFTA 12.5% CIS 10.7% Other Europe 2.4% Japan 6.6% Other Asia 12.2% Others 5.7% 49.4% EU (28) 10.2% Other Europe 2.3% CIS 6.4% NAFTA 7.2% Others comprise: Africa 1.6 % Middle East 1.3 % Central and South America 4.4 % Australia and New Zealand 0.8 % Others comprise: Africa 0.9 % Middle East 1.7 % Central and South America 2.8 % Australia and New Zealand 0.3 % Apparent steel use (finished steel products) World total: 973 million tonnes Apparent steel use (finished steel products) World total: 1,537 million tonnes Japan 7.9% Other Asia 15.5% Others 9.0% 28.3% EU (28) 17.8% NAFTA 15.4% Other Europe 2.1% CIS 3.9% Japan 4.4% Other Asia 15.0% Others 9.4% 46.2% EU (28) 9.5% Other Europe 2.4% CIS 3.7% NAFTA 9.4% Others comprise: Africa 1.8 % Middle East 3.0 % Central and South America 3.4 % Australia and New Zealand 0.8 % Others comprise: Africa 2.4 % Middle East 3.4 % Central and South America 3.1 % Australia and New Zealand 0.5 % 14 15

9 APPARENT STEEL USE 2008 TO APPARENT STEEL USE PER CAPITA 2008 TO million tonnes finished steel products Austria Belgium-Luxembourg Czech Republic France Germany Italy Netherlands Poland Romania Spain Sweden United Kingdom Other EU (28) European Union (28) Turkey Others Other Europe Russia Ukraine Other CIS CIS Canada Mexico United States NAFTA Argentina Brazil Venezuela Others Central and South America Egypt South Africa Other Africa Africa Iran Other Middle East Middle East India Japan South Korea Taiwan, Other Asia Asia , ,008.2 Australia and New Zealand World 1, , , , , , ,537.3 kilogrammes finished steel products Austria Belgium-Luxembourg Czech Republic France Germany Italy Netherlands Poland Romania Spain Sweden United Kingdom Other EU (28) European Union (28) Turkey Others Other Europe Russia Ukraine Other CIS CIS Canada Mexico United States NAFTA Argentina Brazil Venezuela Others Central and South America Egypt South Africa Other Africa Africa Iran Other Middle East Middle East India Japan South Korea 1, , , , , ,118.8 Taiwan, Other Asia Asia Australia and New Zealand World

10 million tonnes PIG IRON 2013 AND million tonnes DIRECT REDUCED IRON PRODUCTION 2007 TO Production 2013 Production - Exports + Imports Apparent = Consumption Austria Belgium-Luxembourg Czech Republic Finland France Germany Hungary Italy Netherlands Poland Romania Slovak Republic Spain Sweden United Kingdom Other EU European Union (28) Turkey Others Other Europe Kazakhstan Russia Ukraine Other CIS CIS Canada Mexico United States NAFTA Argentina Brazil Chile Other Latin America Central and South America South Africa Other Africa Africa Iran Other Middle East Middle East India Japan South Korea Taiwan, Other Asia Asia Australia New Zealand Other Oceania Oceania World 1, , , Germany Sweden European Union (28) Russia Canada Mexico United States NAFTA Argentina Brazil Peru Trinidad and Tobago Venezuela Central and South America Egypt Libya Nigeria South Africa (e) Africa Iran Oman (e) Qatar Saudi Arabia United Arab Emirates Middle East India Indonesia (e) Malaysia (e) Asia World

11 IRON ORE 2013 WORLD IRON ORE TRADE BY AREA million tonnes actual weight Production - Exports + Imports = Apparent Consumption Austria Belgium-Luxembourg Czech Republic France Germany Italy Netherlands Poland Romania Slovakia Spain Sweden United Kingdom Other EU European Union (28) Bosnia-Herzegovina Norway Turkey Other Europe Europe CIS Canada Mexico United States NAFTA Brazil Chile Peru Venezuela Other America Central and South America Liberia Mauritania South Africa Other Africa Africa Middle East (1) ,089.3 India Japan South Korea Other Asia Asia , ,509.8 Australia New Zealand and Other Oceania World 1, , , ,979.2 million tonnes actual weight Exporting Region Destination European Union (28) Other Europe CIS NAFTA European Union (28) Other Europe CIS NAFTA Other America Africa and Middle East Other America Africa and Middle East Japan Other Asia Oceania Total exports , ,324.7 of which: extraregional exports* Net exports (exports - imports) * Excluding intra-regional trade marked Asia Oceania Total imports , , of which: extra-regional imports* (1) Production adjusted so that Fe content is similar to world average. Source: United Nations

12 TRADE IN FERROUS SCRAP 2013 AND WORLD TRADE IN FERROUS SCRAP BY AREA, million tonnes Exports Imports Austria Belgium Bulgaria Czech Republic Finland France Germany Greece Italy Netherlands Poland Slovak Republic Spain Sweden United Kingdom Other EU European Union (28) Turkey Others Other Europe Kazakhstan Russia Ukraine Other CIS CIS Canada Mexico United States NAFTA Brazil Other Central and South America Central and South America South Africa Other Africa Africa Middle East Japan South Korea Taiwan, Other Asia Asia Australia and New Zealand World million tonnes Exporting Region Destination European Union (28) European Union (28) Other Europe CIS NAFTA Other America Africa and Middle East Other Europe CIS NAFTA Other America Africa Middle East Japan Other Asia Oceania Total Exports of which: extra-regional exports* Net Exports (exportsimports) Japan Other Asia Oceania * Excluding intra-regional trade marked Total imports of which: extra-regional imports* 22 23

13 WORLD STEEL TRADE 1975 TO WORLD STEEL EXPORTS, ANALYSIS BY PRODUCT 2009 TO million tonnes finished steel Exports are of finished and semi-finished steel products. Production of finished steel, where not available from national sources, is calculated from crude steel production, taking into account the continuous casting ratio. Quantum indices 2000 = 100 Year Exports Production Exports share % , , , , , , , , , , WORLD VOLUME OF TRADE 2000 TO million tonnes Ingots and semi-finished material Railway track material Angles, shapes and sections Concrete reinforcing bars Bars and rods, hot-rolled Wire rod Drawn wire Other bars and rods Hot-rolled strip Cold-rolled strip Hot-rolled sheets and coils Plates Cold-rolled sheets and coils Electrical sheet and strip Tinmill products Galvanised sheet Other coated sheet Steel tubes and fittings Wheels (forged and rolled) & axles Castings Forgings Other Total Exports in World Steel in Figures include intra-eu trade, trade between countries of the CIS, and trade between NAFTA countries. The figures are based on a broad definition of the steel industry and its products, including ingots, semi-finished products, hot-rolled and cold-finished products, tubes, wire, and unworked castings and forgings. The above table comprises the exports of 38 countries, which represents aproximately 92 per cent of total world trade in steel-containing manufactured goods steel all commodities

14 WORLD STEEL TRADE BY AREA MAJOR IMPORTERS AND EXPORTERS OF STEEL million tonnes Exporting Region European Union (28) Other Europe CIS NAFTA Other America Destination European Union (28) Other Europe CIS NAFTA Other America Africa Middle East Japan Other Asia Oceania Total Exports of which: extraregional exports* Net Exports (exports-imports) * Excluding intra-regional trade marked Africa and Middle East Japan Other Asia Oceania Total Imports of which: extra-regional imports* million tonnes Rank Total Exports Mt Japan European Union (28) (1) South Korea Russia Germany (2) Ukraine Italy (2) Turkey France (2) Belgium (2) Taiwan, United States India Brazil Netherlands (2) Spain (2) United Kingdom (2) Austria (2) Canada 6.2 Rank Net Exports (exports - imports) Mt Japan Russia Ukraine South Korea Brazil European Union (28) (1) Austria (2) Belgium (2) Taiwan, Turkey Netherlands (2) Slovakia (2) Luxembourg Spain (2) 1.6 Rank Total Imports Mt 1 United States European Union (28) (1) Germany (2) South Korea Italy (2) Thailand France (2) Turkey Viet Nam Mexico Indonesia Belgium (2) Canada India Poland (2) Taiwan, Spain (2) United Kingdom (2) Netherlands (2) 7.0 Rank Net Imports (imports - exports) Mt 1 United States Thailand Viet Nam Indonesia Philippines Saudi Arabia Mexico Algeria United Arab Emirates Egypt Poland (2) Canada Iran Hong Kong Singapore 3.6 (1) Excluding intra-regional trade (2) Data for individual European Union (28) countries include intra-european trade 26 27

15 INDIRECT TRADE IN STEEL 2000 TO 2013 TRUE STEEL USE 2007 TO 2013 Mt Indirect exports, Mt % 350 Indirect exports as a percentage 80 of exports of steel products, % Indirect trade in steel takes place through exports and imports of steel containing goods and is expressed in finished steel equivalent of products used. Year Indirect Exports, Mt Further explanation on definitions and methodology of indirect trade in steel can be found in Indirect Trade in Steel report (March 2015) on worldsteel.org. MAJOR INDIRECT IMPORTERS AND EXPORTERS OF STEEL 2013 million tonnes, finished steel equivalent Rank Indirect Exports Mt Germany* Japan South Korea United States Italy* Mexico Spain* Poland* France* 7.9 Rank Net Indirect Exports (exports - imports) Mt Japan South Korea Germany* Italy* Rank Indirect Imports Mt 1 United States Germany* Canada France* Russia United Kingdom* Mexico Belgium-Luxembourg* Japan 7.1 Rank Net Indirect Imports (imports - exports) Mt 1 United States Russia Canada Australia United Kingdom* 4.5 * Data for individual European Union (28) countries include intra-european trade million tonnes, finished steel equivalent Germany France Italy Spain United Kingdom European Union (28) Turkey Other Europe Russia CIS Canada Mexico United States NAFTA Brazil South America Africa and Middle East Japan South Korea Asia and Oceania Total (1) 1, , , , , , ,455.4 (1) Total comprises 74 countries, the most significant users of steel products worldwide Note: True steel use (TSU) is obtained by subtracting net indirect exports of steel from apparent steel use (ASU). Brazil Mexico United Kingdom Spain France Japan United States Russia Turkey Italy Germany Canada South Korea APPARENT AND TRUE STEEL USE PER CAPITA, 2013 kilogrammes, finished steel equivalent True steel use per capita Apparent steel use per capita ,000 1,

16 ABOUT WORLDSTEEL The World Steel Association (worldsteel) is one of the largest and most dynamic industry associations in the world. worldsteel represents approximately 170 steel producers (including 9 of the world s 10 largest steel companies), national and regional steel industry associations, and steel research institutes. worldsteel members represent around 85% of world steel production. This publication is printed on Olin paper. Olin is certified by the Forest Stewardship Council as environmentally-responsible paper. Notation used in this publication: (e) indicates a figure that has been estimated. 0.0 indicates that the quantity concerned is less than indicates zero or no data. 30 World Steel in Figures World Steel Association 2015 ISBN Cover image: Steel structure, King s Cross railway station, London, UK istock.com/memitina Architects: John McAslan + Partners Design: double-id.com

17 World Steel Association Rue Colonel Bourg 120 B-1140 Brussels Belgium T: +32 (0) F: +32 (0) E: steel@worldsteel.org C413 Office Building Beijing Lufthansa Center 50 Liangmaqiao Road Chaoyang District Beijing T: F: E: china@worldsteel.org worldsteel.org