International Higher Education in Facts and Figures. Autumn 2013

Transcription

1 International Higher Education in Facts and Figures Autumn 2013

2 UK Higher Education International Unit International higher education in facts and figures covers the majority of the UK higher education sector.* The data are derived from a variety of sources; please see the notes to each table. *It excludes higher education at foreign and private higher education institutions operating in the UK and some higher education provided at further education colleges because comparable data are not available. Further information can be obtained from: UK HE International Unit T: +44 (0) info@international.ac.uk #InternationalUt

3 Contents Largest source countries of students from outside the UK, by level of study, Top 20 countries of student origin by level of study, Trends in non-eu student enrolments by level of study, to Year-on-year change in the number of first year students from Asia, Students from outside the UK as a percentage of all enrolments by subject area, Outwardly-mobile tertiary-level students by country of origin, 2009 and projection for UK HEI transnational education (TNE) students by location of study, UK HEI transnational education students by level of study, Number of students participating in Erasmus in (top 10 countries) 18 Number of students participating in Erasmus, (top 10 countries) 19 Destinations of UK students participating in Erasmus, (study only) 20 Investment in higher education as a percentage of GDP, Non-UK student enrolments by location of institution, Acceptances via UCAS to full-time undergraduate courses by student country of origin, Proportion of students within higher education systems that are from overseas, FP7 participation - total European Commission requested financial contribution to participants 22 Gross domestic expenditure on R&D, as a percentage of GDP, 2011 or latest year 23 Academic staff with non-uk nationality, Contents Changing shares of the international student market, 2000 and Foreign students enrolled outside their country of citizenship, by region of destinations, 2000 to World share of year-olds with a tertiary degree across OECD and G20 countries, 2010 and 2020 projection 15 University hotspots - geographical distribution of highest impact institutions, International comparative performance of the UK research base - Changes in key input and output indicators for the UK and key comparators - (world share) 26 University-industry collaboration in R&D, Executive Opinion Survey, top 15 countries 27 3

4 Largest source countries of students from outside the UK, by level of study, China India Nigeria United States Germany Ireland Malaysia France Greece Hong Kong, China Cyprus (EU) Saudi Arabia Pakistan Italy Poland Level of Study Undergraduate Postgraduate Taught Postgraduate Research Students: International ,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 Source: HESA (2013) Students Number of students (nearest 1,000) 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000 Non-UK students: Level of study Non-EU EU (excl. UK) TOTAL Undergraduate 142,440 83, ,525 Postgraduate Taught 129,740 35, ,145 Postgraduate Research 30,500 14,060 44,560 TOTAL 302, , ,235

5 Top 20 countries of student origin by level of study, All levels of study Undergraduate Postgraduate (Taught) Postgraduate (Research) China 78,715 India 29,900 Nigeria 17,620 United States 16,335 Germany 15,985 Ireland 15,075 Malaysia 14,545 France 12,835 Greece 11,790 Hong Kong, China 11,335 Cyprus (EU) 10,550 Saudi Arabia 9,860 Pakistan 8,820 Italy 8,010 Poland 6,295 Thailand 6,235 Canada 6,115 Spain 5,935 Romania 5,915 37,240 8,130 20,140 6,500 9,620 6,605 6,835 8,515 4,985 8,635 5,160 11,350 2,055 8,250 3,670 5,140 4,940 9,400 1,470 7,770 2,180 4,770 2,900 3,330 4,550 3,625 2,365 4,420 1,195 1,365 4,045 2,840 2,215 3,435 1,785 4, ,065 4,415 1,630 1,500 2,890 2,480 1,285 1, , , , , Bulgaria 5,705 4, K 50K 100K 0K 20K 40K 0K 20K 40K 0K 2K 4K Number of students Source: HESA (2013) Students Students: International 5

6 Trends in non-eu student enrolments by level of study, to K 128, , , K 124, , ,670 Non-EU students enrolled 100K 80K 60K 65,440 65,840 77,495 75,350 80,010 79,415 82,990 82,025 91,610 83,300 97,835 86,750 92, ,540 Level of study First degree Other undergraduate Postgraduate taught Postgraduate research Students: International 40K 20K 0K 26,065 23,010 24,495 24,810 24,855 27,365 27,855 28,655 29,230 30,500 19,485 19,910 18,895 17,185 19,600 17,695 19,590 20,400 19,550 17, Year 6 Source: HESA (2013) Students

7 Year-on-year change in the number of first year students from Asia, China +19% South Korea -3% Saudi Arabia -31% -32% % change Pakistan -22% United Arab Emirates -1% +19% India -32% Sri Lanka -25% Bangladesh -8% Thailand +6% Singapore +15% Malaysia +8% Hong Kong +15% Taiwan -6% Students: International Source: HESA (2013) Students 7

8 Students from outside the UK as a percentage of all enrolments by subject area, Subject area Non-EU students EU % of students who are students from outside the UK Students: International Business & administrative studies Engineering & technology Computer science Law Architecture, building & planning Mass communications & documentation Mathematical sciences Veterinary science Social studies Languages Medicine & dentistry Creative arts & design Physical sciences Agriculture & related subjects Biological sciences Historical & philosophical studies Subjects allied to medicine Education 5% 6% 8% 8% 7% 11% 11% 11% 11% 5% 3% 4% 2% Combined 2% 1% 16% 13% 16% 14% 15% 5% 4% 4% 24% 6% 5% 28% 6% 6% 4% 7% 8% 5% 3% 6% 7% 8% Region EU Non-EU 8% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% Percentage of all students enrolled in subject area 102,410 38,740 15,320 14,590 7,365 6,280 6, ,560 14,500 7,740 14,315 7,940 1,470 10,220 5,490 14,575 7,385 1,900 28,095 13,035 5,980 6,215 4,050 4,120 2, ,235 8,770 2,860 10,935 5, ,350 3,760 8,465 4, % 32.0% 22.3% 22.2% 19.6% 19.0% 18.9% 18.4% 17.4% 17.1% 15.6% 13.9% 13.7% 11.4% 9.8% 9.3% 7.7% 5.8% 3.0% 8 Source: HESA (2013) Students

9 France 67 Outwardly-mobile tertiary-level students by country of origin, 2009 and projection for Other shortlisted countries 403 Other shortlisted countries 472 China 568 China 585 Mexico 31 Columbia 32 Romania 31 UK 32 Brazil 32 Belarus 34 Uzbekistan 35 Nigeria 34 Saudi Arabia 34 Hong Kong 34 Greece 35 Pakistan 37 Indonesia 39 Uzbekistan 39 Poland 40 Iran 44 Belarus 44 Ukraine 45 Canada 46 Japan 47 Italy 54 Vietnam 50 Morocco 54 USA 55 Malaysia s Russia 62 Kazakhstan 67 France 68 Turkey 72 Germany 105 India 211 South Korea 127 Hong Kong 35 Ukraine 36 Japan 36 Iran 37 UK 38 Brazil 41 Mexico 41 Zimbabwe 43 Nepal 45 Italy 45 Canada 48 Indonesia 50 Russia 53 Morocco 53 Saudi Arabia 54 Vietnam 59 Pakistan 57 USA s Kazakhstan 67 Nigeria 67 Malaysia 82 Turkey 84 India 296 South Korea 134 Germany 100 Students: International Source: British Council and Oxford Economics 9

10 Non-UK student enrolments by location of About institution, Tableau maps: UK country of institution Number of EU students % of all students in region Number of Non-EU students % of all students in region England 105,185 5% 251,980 12% Scotland 17,475 8% 28,500 13% Wales 6,020 5% 19,250 15% Northern Ireland 3,875 7% 2,950 6% Students: International 10 English region of institution Number of EU students Source: HESA (2013) Students % of all students in region Number of Non-EU students % of all students in region East 9,395 7% 23,340 17% East Midlands 6,060 4% 19,890 12% London 35,260 9% 67,720 17% North East 3,750 3% 15,105 13% North West 9,320 4% 24,955 10% South East* 16,690 7% 31,735 13% South West 6,895 4% 17,015 10% West Midlands 9,825 5% 26,320 13% Yorkshire & the Humber 7,845 4% 25,810 12% *Excludes Open University In , internationally-mobile students at UK HEIs paid 3.9bn in tuition fees (net of scholarships) and 6.3bn in living expenses.

11 Acceptances via UCAS to full-time undergraduate courses by student country of origin, acceptances 7K 6K 5K 4K 3K 2K 1K % change on previous year 20% 10% 0% -10% -20% -30% China Hong Kong, China Malaysia Cyprus France Ireland Germany Singapore Romania Bulgaria Greece India USA Norway Italy Nigeria Lithuania Canada Spain Poland Pakistan Sweden South Korea Switzerland Students: International Source: UCAS 11

12 Proportion of students within higher education systems that are from overseas, 2011 UK 16.8% Australia 19.8% USA 3.4% Canada 7.4% New Zealand 15.6% Ireland 6.5% Students: International Netherlands 4.9% Switzerland 16.2% Austria 14.7% Source Overseas Domestic 12 Source: OECD (2013) Education at a Glance

13 Changing shares of the international student market, 2000 and Market share (%) Country United States United Kingdom Germany France Australia Canada Russian Federation Japan Spain China New Zealand Italy Austria 2000 (%) (%) United States United Kingdom Germany France Australia Canada Russian Federation Japan Spain China New Zealand Italy Austria Students: International Source: OECD (2013) Education at a Glance 13

14 Foreign students enrolled outside their country of citizenship, by region of destinations, 2000 to 2011 Region Worldwide ,000,000 3,500,000 3,000,000 Europe (incl UK) North America Asia Oceania Africa Latin America & the Caribbean Worldwide Europe (incl UK) 2,071, ,140 4,265,579 2,033,082 Number of students 2,500,000 2,000,000 North America Asia 569, , , ,947 Students: International 1,500,000 1,000, , Oceania Africa Latin America & the Caribbean 118,646 99,117 31, , ,990 78, Source: OECD (2013) Education at a Glance

15 World share of year-olds with a tertiary degree across OECD and G20 countries, 2010 and 2020 projection million year-olds with tertiary education million year-olds with tertiary education Other 17% Other 20% China 18% China 29% Germany 2% Germany 2% UK 4% Mexico 3% France 3% UK 3% Korea 4% Indonesia 4% Japan 7% India 11% Russian Federation 11% USA 14% Mexico 3% France 2% Korea 3% Indonesia 6% Japan 4% Russian Federation 7% India 12% USA 11% Students: International Source: OECD (2012) Education Indicators in Focus 15

16 UK HEI transnational education (TNE) students by location of study, Transnational Education 16 North America & Caribbean 31,070 Central & South America 2,420 Undergraduates 53, ,230 Total number of TNE students in = 571,010 Europe 93,290 Africa 121,960 Postgraduates 22,980 73,075 Source: HESA (2013) Aggregate Offshore Record Oceania 2,735 Asia 319,535 All TNE students, including FE 76,360 Area Non-European Union European Union 494,650 Malaysia Singapore Pakistan China Hong Kong, China Nigeria Ghana Ireland Trinidad and Tobago United Arab Emirates Oman Greece Kenya Egypt India Germany Mauritius Saudi Arabia Russian Federation Top 20 countries of activity Sri Lanka 8,770 66,920 51,770 39,080 38,275 30,100 24,000 17,225 15,715 13,565 13,460 13,275 12,335 10,940 10,125 9,845 9,615 9,550 9,230 9,100 0K 30K 60K 90K Number of students

17 UK HEI transnational education students by level of study, Type of provision Number of students Other undergraduate 14,950 3% Further education 345 0% First degree 459,655 80% Overseas partner organisation Distance, flexible or distributed learning 342, ,535 Postgraduate research 3,840 1% Postgraduate taught 92,220 16% Students registered at Oxford Brookes University accounted for 44.1% of the total population of the Aggregate Offshore Record in The majority of these students were registered with an overseas partner on Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA) programmes. Other arrangement, including collaborative provision Overseas campus of reporting HEI Other arrangement 96,075 15, Transnational Education Source: HESA (2013) Aggregate Offshore Record 17

18 Number of students participating in Erasmus in (top 10 countries) Country of origin Studies Work placements Total Change over three years All participating countries 204,744 48, ,827 27% Spain 34,103 5,442 39,545 44% Germany 27,593 5,770 33,363 20% France 25,924 7,345 33,269 18% Italy 20,404 2,973 23,377 21% Poland 12,106 3,209 15,315 14% Turkey 10,268 1,558 11,826 52% UK 9,094 4,568 13,662 26% Students: Erasmus Netherlands Belgium Czech Republic 6,449 5,807 6,059 2,861 1, ,310 7,091 7,004 33% 19% 16% 18 Source: European Commission, Erasmus Statistics

19 Number of students participating in Erasmus, (top 10 countries) Spain Ratio of outward to inward students Germany Spain 1.01 France Germany 1.20 Italy Poland Turkey UK Netherlands Belgium Czech Republic 40K 30K Activity Incoming - WORK PLACEMENT Incoming - STUDY Outgoing - STUDY Outgoing - WORK PLACEMENT 20K 10K 0K 10K 20K 30K 40K Total number of students (to nearest 1,000) France 1.15 Italy 1.16 Poland 1.71 Turkey 2.24 UK 0.53 Netherlands 0.94 Belgium 0.83 Czech Republic 1.20 Students: Erasmus Source: European Commission, Erasmus Statistics 19

20 Destinations of UK students participating in Erasmus, (study only) Students: Erasmus 20 Source: British Council Country France Spain Germany Italy Netherlands Sweden Finland Denmark Austria Belgium Czech Republic Switzerland Portugal Norway Turkey Poland Malta Hungary Cyprus Ireland Iceland Estonia Greece Romania Slovenia Lithuania Slovakia Bulgaria Croatia Latvia Luxembourg Liechtenstein Students 2,520 2,144 1, Change over three years

21 Investment in higher education as a percentage of GDP, Investment Private investment Public investment Percentage of GDP OECD average =1.65% United States Canada Korea Chile Finland Denmark Sweden Netherlands Norway Israel Australia Estonia Russian Federation* Ireland New Zealand Austria Japan France Argentina* Poland Portugal Mexico United Kingdom Spain Slovenia Iceland Czech Republic Italy Slovak Republic Finance: GDP investment Source: OECD (2013) Education at a Glance *Countries that are non-oecd and so do not form part of the OECD average 21

22 FP7 participation - total European Commission requested financial contribution to participants* Germany United Kingdom France Italy Spain HEIs Other organisations Netherlands Finance: FP7 Participation Switzerland Belgium Sweden 0 2,000 4,000 6,000 Total EC financial contribution ( m) *Funding received/to be received from the EU 22 Source: European Commission

23 Gross domestic expenditure on R&D, as a percentage of GDP, 2011 or latest year Israel Sweden Austria** Australia*** United Kingdom New Zealand Korea Iceland* United States Belgium Canada Italy Finland 3.39 Japan Denmark 2.88 Germany France 2.23 Singapore Czech Republic 1.84 China Ireland 1.33 Spain Russian Federation 0.86 Turkey Finance: R&D * Iceland figures from 2009 **Austria figures from 2012 ***Australia figures from 2010 Source: OECD (2013) Main Science and Technology Indicators 23

24 Academic staff with non-uk nationality, K 40% 40% Staff: International Number of academic staff 20K 15K 10K 5K 0K 4,805 8,660 10, ,775 7,455 8, % 20% 8% EU Non-EU Percentage of staff with non-uk nationality 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Percentage of all HEI staff with non-uk nationality Academic function Teaching only Research only Teaching & research Neither teaching nor research 24 Source: HESA (2013) Staff

25 University hotspots - geographical distribution of highest impact institutions, 2009 Location of top 50 universities by main subject area Social sciences 12 Agricultural and biological sciences Source: OECD (2011) Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 10 Medicine 10 Environmental science Subject area 8 Earth and planetary sciences 7 Biochemistry, genetics and molecular biology 7 Neuroscience Country Australia Belgium Canada Denmark France Germany Hong Kong, China Ireland Italy Japan Netherlands Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom United States Research: International 25

26 International comparative performance of the UK research base - Changes in key input and output indicators for the UK and key comparators - (world share) World share (%) UK China Germany Change CAGR Change CAGR Change CAGR Population 0.9% 0.9% 0.0% -0.5% 20.0% 19.6% 0.0% -0.5% 1.2% 1.2% -0.1% -1.0% Researchers 4.4% 4.2% -0.2% -0.9% 18.9% 4.8% 5.1% 0.3% 1.7% GERD (US$) 3.7% 3.0% -0.7% -5.4% 8.9% 13.3% 4.3% 10.4% 6.5% 5.8% -0.7% -2.9% Articles 6.7% 6.4% -0.3% -1.1% 11.9% 17.1% 5.1% 9.4% 6.2% 6.1% -0.1% -0.4% Usage 10.0% 9.4% -0.6% -1.4% 6.2% 9.9% 3.7% 12.3% 7.1% 6.6% -0.6% -2.1% Citations 10.5% 10.9% 0.4% 0.9% 3.8% 7.6% 3.9% 19.4% 9.3% 9.3% 0.1% 0.1% Highly-cited articles 12.3% 14.0% 1.7% 3.3% 2.0% 5.0% 3.0% 25.3% 10.4% 11.5% 1.1% 2.5% Competencies 6.8% 14.4% 6.5% Patents 2.4% 2.2% -0.2% -1.8% 5.8% 14.3% 8.5% 25.3% 7.5% 7.0% -0.4% -1.5% Research: International World share (%) Japan USA Change CAGR Change CAGR Population 1.9% 1.8% -0.1% -1.3% 4.5% 4.5% 0.0% -0.2% Researchers 11.9% 10.8% -1.1% -2.4% 24.1% 23.8% -0.4% -0.4% GERD (US$) 14.3% 8.8% -5.6% -11.6% 35.5% 35.0% -0.5% -0.4% Articles 7.1% 5.8% -1.3% -4.9% 26.1% 24.0% -2.0% -2.0% Usage 7.3% 5.9% -1.4% -5.3% 33.1% 30.7% -2.3% -1.8% Citations 7.7% 6.6% -1.1% -3.8% 44.4% 41.4% -3.0% -1.7% Highly-cited articles 6.4% 6.0% -0.4% -1.4% 57.6% 55.8% -1.7% -0.8% Competencies 6.5% 29.7% Patents 31.1% 25.1% -6.0% -5.2% 21.8% 20.2% -1.6% -1.9% CAGR: Compound Annual Growth Rate 26 Source: Elsevier for the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills

27 University-industry collaboration in R&D, Executive Opinion Survey, top 15 countries Switzerland United Kingdom United States 5.7 Finland 5.6 Sweden Singapore Israel 5.4 Netherlands Belgium Qatar Canada Taiwan, China Germany Australia Denmark Average across 142 countries Value rating, out of 7 (1 = do not collaborate at all; 7 = collaborate extensively) Research: International Source: World Economic Forum 27

28 The UK Higher Education sector is: The second most popular in the world for international students 13% of all international students and educates hundreds of thousands of students in their home countries. A destination of choice for students across a wide range of subjects in each of Business, Engineering & technology, Computer science and Law more than 20% of the students are international. International in its makeup 24% of all academic HE staff and 16.8% of students in the UK are international. Second in the world for research quality and highly efficient - producing more articles and citations per pound of university research funding than other leading nations. Second in the world for university-business collaboration. More successful at earning EU research funding through FP7 than any other higher education sector in Europe. Increasing research collaboration 46% of articles have an international co-author. Successful in a growing global landscape - worldwide students enrolled outside their country of citizenship have more than doubled since The second most popular destination in the world for PhD students. The UK HE sector achieves all this with a smaller proportion of GDP invested in higher education and research than the OECD average. 28

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32 About the UK Higher Education International Unit The UK Higher Education International Unit (IU) is the only sector body to represent all UK higher education institutions internationally. It is charged with initiating and delivering projects and activities to support and develop the breadth and depth of the UK HE sector s international activities. The IU works to support the development and sustainability of the UK HE sector s influence and competitiveness in a global environment and promotes the sector s distinctive strengths internationally. It supports the sector s engagement in European Union and Bologna Process policy debates. The IU is funded by the Higher Education Funding Council for England, Higher Education Funding Council for Wales, Scottish Funding Council, Department for Employment and Learning (Northern Ireland), GuildHE, Universities UK, The Higher Education Academy and the Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education. UK HE International Unit Woburn House 20 Tavistock Square London WC1H 9HQ T +44 (0) info@international.ac.uk #InternationalUt ISBN: Autumn 2013 Unauthorised copying of this document is not permitted. If you wish to copy this document please contact the UK HE International Unit for approval. This document has been prepared by the UK HE International Unit. Unless expressly stated to the contrary, the material contained in this document is for general information purposes only. It does not constitute legal or professional advice. Professional or legal advice should be obtained before taking or refraining from any action as a result of the contents of this document. No liability is accepted by the UK HE International Unit for any action taken in reliance on the information contained in this document. Any and all information is subject to change.