1 Which row contains one vector quantity and one scalar quantity? acceleration, velocity. displacement, force. length, weight.

Transcription

1 1 Which row contains one vector quantity and one scalar quantity? acceleration, velocity 26 displacement, force length, weight mass, time 2 displacement-time graph is plotted for two lifts, X and Y. displacement / m Y 400 X time / s What is the value of the ratio lift X velocity? lift Y velocity Page 1

2 3 Which graph shows the relationship between the resultant force F acting on an object and the acceleration a of the object? ssume that mass of the object does not change. F F 0 0 a 0 0 a F F 0 0 a 0 0 a 4 n object of mass 12 kg is pulled up a smooth inclined plane by a force of 200 N parallel to the plane. The plane is at an angle of 20 to the horizontal. 12 kg 200 N 20 What is the resultant force on the object? 110 N 160 N 196 N 200 N Page 2

3 5 ball is thrown vertically downwards at 4.0 m s 1 from a height of 120 cm. With which speed does it hit the ground? Ignore air resistance. 4.8 m s m s 1 40 m s 1 49 m s 1 6 Which statement about collisions is correct? In an inelastic collision, momentum may not be conserved. In any collision, kinetic energy is conserved. In any collision of two of more objects, the total momentum before and after cannot be zero. In any collision, total momentum is conserved. 7 projectile of mass 10 kg is fired at 20 m s 1 at an angle of 30 to the horizontal. 20 m s 1 30 What is its kinetic energy at the top of its flight? 0 J 500 J 1500 J 2000 J Page 3

4 8 barometer can be used to measure atmospheric pressure as shown. vacuum glass tube h reservoir of liquid atmospheric pressure The pressure of the column of liquid exerted on the reservoir surface is equal to the atmospheric pressure. For a barometer containing water the height h is 10.4 m. second barometer, with a glass tube which has twice the cross-sectional area, contains alcohol. density of water = kg m 3 density of alcohol = kg m 3 What is the height h of the alcohol? 4.2 m 6.5 m 8.3 m 13 m 9 satellite is in a circular orbit around the Earth at a height where the Earth s gravitational field strength is 9.0 N kg 1. What is the weight of the satellite at this point? zero much smaller than its weight on the surface of the Earth, but not zero slightly less than its weight on the surface of the Earth equal to its weight on the surface of the Earth Page 4

5 10 piece of rock, which weighs 15.0 N on the Earth, weighs 2.46 N on the Moon. What is the mass of the rock and the gravitational field strength on the Moon? mass / kg gravitational field strength / N kg force of 20.0 N stretches a spring by 5.0 cm. The spring obeys Hooke s law. Which row gives the spring constant and the work done in stretching the spring? spring constant / N m 1 work done / J Page 5

6 12 The graphs show stress-strain characteristics for four different materials. Which characteristic is most likely to be that of a sample of copper wire? tensile stress tensile stress 0 0 tensile strain 0 0 tensile strain tensile stress tensile stress 0 0 tensile strain 0 0 tensile strain Page 6

7 13 Two cylindrical wires, X and Y, are made of the same material. Wire X is twice as long as wire Y, but it has half the diameter. When the same load is applied to each wire, the stress in wire X is 2.0 GPa and its extension is 4.0 mm. Which row is correct for wire Y? stress in wire Y / GPa extension of wire Y / mm stone is attached to one end of a piece of elastic thread. The other end of the thread is fixed. The stone is dropped. When is the elastic strain energy in the thread greatest? as the stone is dropped when the thread first becomes taut at the lowest point of the stone s fall when the stone finally comes to rest in equilibrium hanging from the thread 15 n electric motor is 40% efficient. When operating at full power, it has a useful output of 2.0 kw. How much electrical energy is transferred at full power in one minute? 0.80 kj 5.0 kj 48 kj 300 kj Page 7

8 16 The force resisting the motion of a car is taken as being proportional to the square of the car s speed. The magnitude of the force at a speed of 20 m s 1 is 800 N. What effective power is required from the car s engine to maintain a steady speed of 40 m s 1? 32 kw 64 kw 128 kw 512 kw 17 concrete cube of side 0.60 m and uniform density kg m 3 is lifted 5.0 m vertically by a crane. What is the change in potential energy of the cube? 2.2 kj 21 kj 59 kj 450 kj 18 What is the internal energy of an object? It is the energy associated with the object s movement through space. It is the energy associated with the random movement of the molecules in the object. It is the energy due to the attractions between the molecules in the object. It is the sum of all the microscopic potential and kinetic energies of the molecules in the object. Page 8

9 19 torch is switched on and left until its battery is flat. uring this time, the current in the lamp remains steady at 0.60 for three hours and then decreases uniformly to zero in the next hour. What is the total charge passing through the lamp? ll of the resistors in the circuits X, Y and Z below are identical. X Y Z Which list shows these circuits in order of increasing resistance, lowest to highest? X Y Z X Z Y Y X Z Y Z X 21 long piece of wire has a resistance of 2.0 Ω. It is cut into 40 equal lengths and these are connected in parallel to form a multi-stranded cable. What is the resistance of the cable? Ω 0.05 Ω 80 Ω Ω 22 battery of emf 12 V is connected across a 22 Ω resistor. The battery has an internal resistance that is not negligible. current in the resistor is t which rate is heat dissipated in the internal resistance of the battery? 0.50 W 5.5 W 6.0 W 6.5 W Page 9

10 23 The diagram shows a current of 7.0 m flowing through a parallel arrangement of resistors. The ammeter and connecting wires are of negligible resistance. 1.0 Ω 7.0 m 4.0 Ω 7.0 m 2.0 Ω What is the reading on the ammeter? 0.6 m 1.0 m 2.3 m 4.0 m 24 heater is rated 220 V, 500 W. When the heater is connected to a 220 V power supply, the current is I 0. When the heater is connected to a 110 V power supply, what is the current and what is the power? ssume the resistance of the heater does not change. current I 0 2 I 0 2 I 0 4 I 0 4 power / W Page 10

11 25 Four lamps have filaments made from the same material. The lamps are connected in parallel across a battery. Which filament lamp transfers the most energy into heat and light per second? length of filament cross-sectional area of filament l 2l l 2 2l 2 26 torch has a 6 V battery made up of four cells, each with emf 1.5 V and internal resistance 1.0 Ω. If one of the cells is reversed, which row shows the emf and the internal resistance of the battery? emf / V internal resistance / Ω Early players used a laser with a wavelength of 950 nm. Modern V players use a laser with a wavelength of 650 nm. Which statement is correct? players used infra-red light, and V players use infra-red light of a higher frequency. players used infra-red light, and V players use visible light. players used red light, and V players use blue light. players used visible light, and V players use ultra-violet light. Page 11

12 28 Which diagram represents the electric field of a negative point charge, shown by? 29 Monochromatic light of wavelength 590 nm is incident normally on a diffraction grating. The angle between the two second-order diffracted beams is 43. What is the spacing of the lines on the grating? 0.87 µm 1.6 µm 1.7 µm 3.2 µm 30 n electron enters the space between two parallel charged plates with an initial velocity u. + e θ v e u While in the electric field, its direction changes by θ and it emerges with a velocity v. What is the relation between v and u? v = u cosθ v = u cosθ v = u sinθ v = u sinθ Page 12

13 31 Two coherent microwaves of wavelength 1.5 cm are in phase at points P and Q in the diagram. They interfere with each other at point X cm X P 5.25 cm Q What is the phase difference, in radians, of the waves at point X? 0.75 π π 1.5 π 2 π 32 Which statement about standing waves is correct? standing wave can be produced on a string fixed at two end points, when plucked at the middle. In a standing wave, nodes are separated by one wavelength. In a standing wave, points of zero amplitude are called antinodes. Standing waves can only be produced by the superposition of two transverse waves travelling in opposite directions. Page 13

14 33 The terminal voltage of a battery is observed to fall when the battery supplies a current to an external resistor. What quantities are needed to calculate the fall in voltage? the battery's e.m.f. and its internal resistance the battery's e.m.f. and the current the current and the battery's internal resistance the current and the external resistance 34 The potential difference between point X and point Y is 20 V. The time taken for charge carriers to move from X to Y is 15 s, and, in this time, the energy of the charge carriers changes by 12 J. What is the current between X and Y? The diagram shows a battery, a fixed resistor, an ammeter and a variable resistor connected in series. voltmeter is connected across the fixed resistor. V The value of the variable resistor is reduced. Which correctly describes the changes in the readings of the ammeter and of the voltmeter? ammeter voltmeter decrease decrease decrease increase increase decrease increase increase Page 14

15 36 What is the total resistance between points P and Q in this network of resistors? 8 Ω 8 Ω Q 16 Ω 16 Ω 16 Ω P 8 Ω 8 Ω 8 Ω 16 Ω 24 Ω 32 Ω 37 lpha, beta and gamma radiations have various depths of penetration in matter and different charges. Which row best summarises the penetration and charge of each radiation? alpha beta gamma absorbed by a sheet of card absorbed by several mm of aluminium not fully absorbed by several cm of lead negative charge no charge no charge absorbed by a sheet of card absorbed by several mm of aluminium not fully absorbed by several cm of lead negative charge positive charge no charge absorbed by a sheet of card absorbed by several mm of aluminium not fully absorbed by several cm of lead positive charge negative charge no charge absorbed by several mm of aluminium not fully absorbed by several cm of lead absorbed by a sheet of card positive charge negative charge no charge Page 15

16 38 thin gold foil is bombarded with α-particles as shown. incident α-particles gold foil What can be deduced from this experiment? the binding energy of a gold nucleus the energy levels of electrons in gold atoms the small size of a gold nucleus the structure of a gold nucleus zirconium nucleus, 40 Zr, is a β-emitter. The product nucleus is also a β-emitter. What is the final resulting nucleus of these two decays? Sr Mo 40Zr Zr The following particles are each accelerated from rest through the same potential difference. Which one completes the acceleration with the greatest momentum? α-particle electron neutron proton Page 16