Test Prep Pretest. influence the rate of photosynthesis? a. light intensity c. carbon dioxide concentration b. oxygen concentration d.

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1 Skills Worksheet Test Prep Pretest In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes each statement or best answers each question. 1. Photosynthetic organisms get energy from a. inorganic substances. c. autotrophs. b. light. d. heterotrophs. 2. Which of the following correctly sequences the flow of energy? a. bacteria, fungus, rabbit c. sun, grass, rabbit, fox b. bacteria, sun, flower, deer d. sun, hawk, mouse 3. ATP molecules a. produce NADPH. b. contain five phosphate groups. c. can both store energy and provide it for metabolic reactions. d. help a plant produce carbon dioxide. 4. In glycolysis, a. aerobic processes occur. b. four ATP molecules are produced. c. four ADP molecules are produced. d. glucose is produced. 5. Which of the following environmental factors does NOT directly influence the rate of photosynthesis? a. light intensity c. carbon dioxide concentration b. oxygen concentration d. temperature 6. Carbon dioxide fixation in the Calvin cycle requires a. ATP and NADPH. c. ADP and NADPH. b. ATP and NADP. d. ATP and oxygen. 7. When this gas is available, aerobic respiration follows glycolysis. a. carbon dioxide c. hydrogen b. oxygen d. water vapor Question 8 refers to the chemical equation below. light 3CO 2 3H 2 O C 3 H 6 O 3 3O 2 8. This equation summarizes the overall process of a. cellular respiration. c. the Calvin cycle. b. photosynthesis. d. the Krebs cycle. Holt Biology 21 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

2 9. Which of the following is NOT part of cellular respiration? a. electron transport chain c. Krebs cycle b. glycolysis d. Calvin cycle 10. Electrons in pigment molecules become excited a. when light strikes a thylakoid. b. when water molecules are broken down. c. during light-independent reactions. d. during the Calvin cycle. Complete each statement by writing the correct term or phrase in the space provided. 11. The carrier protein that transports hydrogen ions across thylakoid membranes and produce ATP acts as both a(n) and a(n). 12. The is the most common method of carbon dioxide fixation. 13. Aerobic respiration occurs in the of eukaryotic cells. 14. Plants use sugars produced during to make organic compounds. 15. During photosynthesis, light energy is converted to energy. 16. During anaerobic processes, NADH transfers electrons to the pyruvate produced during. 17. Glycolysis is a biochemical pathway that breaks down a six-carbon glucose molecule to two three-carbon. 18. During aerobic respiration, pyruvate is first converted to acetyl-coa, which enters the. 19. During cellular respiration, a cell produces most of its energy through respiration. Holt Biology 22 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

3 20. Light-absorbing are located in the membranes of. Read each question, and write your answer in the space provided. 21. Explain how the metabolism of heterotrophs differs from that of autotrophs. 22. Explain how ATP provides energy for cells. 23. Briefly explain how ATP is produced by electron transport chains during photosynthesis. Holt Biology 23 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

4 24. Describe how environmental factors affect the rate of photosynthesis. 25. Explain the benefits and uses of lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation. Holt Biology 24 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

5 TEACHER RESOURCE PAGE Critical Thinking 1. d 12. d 2. c 13. h, e 3. b 14. b, f 4. a 15. i, j 5. e 16. c, g 6. f 17. a, d 7. c 18. c 8. a 19. c 9. g 20. d 10. e 21. b 11. b Test Prep Pretest 1. b 6. a 2. c 7. b 3. c 8. b 4. b 9. d 5. b 10. a 11. ion channel, enzyme 12. Calvin cycle 13. mitochondria 14. photosynthesis 15. chemical 16. glycolysis 17. pyruvates 18. Krebs cycle 19. aerobic 20. pigments, thylakoids 21. Heterotrophs must consume food sources to get the energy to power their metabolism. Autotrophs power their metabolism with energy from sunlight or inorganic substances. Both heterotrophs and autotrophs use cellular respiration to harvest the energy in organic molecules. However, only autotrophs are able to synthesize organic molecules using energy from the sun (photosynthesis) or from inorganic substances. 22. When the bonds between the phosphate groups of an ATP molecule are broken, energy is released. This energy can be used by the cell to power chemical reactions. 23. Excited electrons lose some energy as they pass through electron transport chains. This energy is used to pump hydrogen ions, produced when water molecules are split, into the thylakoid. Special carrier proteins that function as both ion channels and as enzymes transport the now-concentrated hydrogen ions out of the thylakoid. As hydrogen ions pass through the ion channel part of the carrier protein, a phosphate group is added to a molecule of ADP, making ATP. 24. The rate of photosynthesis increases as light intensity increases, until the light saturation point is reached. Likewise, the rate of photosynthesis increases as the concentration of carbon dioxide increases, until a certain concentration of that gas is reached. In addition, photosynthesis operates best within a certain range of temperatures. 25. Fermentation enables cells to continue making ATP, though in limited amounts, through glycolysis when oxygen is no longer available. Lactic acid fermentation is used in the production of foods such as yogurt and some cheeses. Alcoholic fermentation is used commercially in the preparation of bread, wine, and beer. Quiz SECTION: ENERGY AND LIVING THINGS 1. d 6. b 2. e 7. d 3. b 8. a 4. a 9. d 5. c 10. a SECTION: PHOTOSYNTHESIS 1. b 6. c 2. c 7. b 3. c 8. c 4. b 9. d 5. a 10. c SECTION: CELLULAR RESPIRATION 1. c 6. a 2. d 7. c 3. a 8. d 4. e 9. d 5. b 10. c Holt Biology 79 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration