Potential of Renewable Energy in Palestine and our regional needs

Transcription

1 Potential of Renewable Energy in Palestine and our regional needs Organized by: The London School of Economics and Political Sciences (LSE) Prepared by:dr.imad Ibrik Energy Research Center An-Najah National University Nablus Palestine 1

2 Electricity Production in Palestine palestine electricity Source 80% 11 5% 15% Thermal Diesel from IEC 2

3 Per Capita Electricity Consumption (MWh) Electricity Consumption per Capita(MWh) World Tunisia Morocco Aalgeria Egypt Palestine Lebanon Syria Jordan

4 Overview Rate of Electrification Percent of population with electricity access World Tunisia Morocco Algeria Egypt Palestine Lebanon Syria Jordan

5 Electricity Prices in some Arab Countries Electricity cost (US cent/kwh) Jordan Lebanon Palestine Price (US $/KWh) Conventional Price (US $/KWh) Diesel Generation 5

6 Climate Conditions: Energy Research Center Background on Renewable Energy Sources in Palestine Palestine is located between E and N. Palestine s elevation ranges from 350 m below sea level in the Jordan valley and exceeding 1000 m, above sea level in some locations in the West Bank.. Climate conditions in Palestine very widely. The daily average temperature and humidity in the West Bank vary in the ranges 8 25C and 51-83% respectively. * In Jericho and the Jordan valley, almost no heating is needed during winter while high cooling during summer is needed. 6

7 The Potential of Renewable Energy. The main renewable energy sources considered to have potential in Palestine are solar energy, wind energy and biomass. * Solar energy potential in Palestine : -It has about 3000 sun chine hours per year. -High annual solar radiation amounting to 5 4 kwh / m 2 day on horizontal surface. -The solar radiation on horizontal surface varies from 2.63 kwh/m 2 day in December to 8.4 kwh / m 2 day in June. - These figures are encouraging to exploit the solar energy for different applications such as water heating, drying of crops vegetables and fruits, water desalination, water pumping and electrification of remote locations isolated from the electrical networks. 7

8 Data Monitoring and Collection: -ERC is carrying out since February 2000 measurements on solar radiation intensity using modern meteorological stations equipped with data loggers as shown in fig. (1). -Solar radiation measuring data results for 3 meteorological stations are shown in fig. (2), the data based on 10 - minutes average form which the daily average of global radiation was determined. With respect to the data, the daily average of global solar radiation on horizontal surface in Palestine amount to 5 4 kwh / m 2 day. 8

9 Fig(1) : Energy Research Center has Metrological Stations Three stations in west bank (Nablus,Ramallah,Tulkarem) 9

10 E (Wh/m^2-Day) yearly Average Solar Energy Nablus, Jenin, Tulkarem JAN MAR MAY JUL SEP NOV Months Nablus Jenin Tulkarem 10

11 * Wind Energy Potential in Palestine : -Palestine can be considered as a country of moderate wind speeds. -The hilly regions, represented in Nablus, Ramallah, Jerusalem, and Hebron are expected to have an annual average wind speeds varying in the range of 4 8 m/s. -ERC is carrying out wind energy assessment in different cities, modern computerized wind speed measuring stations equipped with automatic data loggers, installed in different topographical areas. -Fig. (3) illustrates the wind speed data for the different locations. 11

12 wind velocity (m/s) Yearly Average Wind Velocity Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jone July Aug Sep Oct Nov dec Month 12

13 However, the results show that some areas could have considerable wind energy potential, the ERC will continue to work professionally for several years on this project and replace the stations in new locations and possibly install new ones to scan the most promising Palestinian areas for wind energy potential. 13

14 *Biomass (Biogas) Potential in Palestine : -As known Palestine is an agricultural country. It has different types of plant products that can be used as energy sources. The main type of these products is the reject of olive oil pressers called Jefit. Jefit is used in household for heating in winter. -Also, the more important energy material is animal dung. Which is usually used in different countries as India, Nipal, china etc. for biogas production. -However, since one cow produce about 24 kg of liquid gas per month, it is expected that the potential in Palestine is considerable. 14

15 Solar Water Heaters: - Palestine is one of the leading countries in using solar water heaters for domestic applications. - A recent study by the Palestinian Central Burean of statistics showed that around 70% of the Palestinian homes use solar water heaters. - Solar water heaters used in Palestine are open loop systems. They consist of flat collectors, usually installed in Roofs, water storage tanks and system for circulating the heated water (through thermosyphonic circulation ). - In Palestine they are used to heat water for houses mainly, residential apartments, hotels and some hospitals. 15

16 SWH : - More than 90% of installed SWH in West Bank and Gaza are manufactured locally by the Palestinians. - The flat plate collector efficiency ranges between 30 and 45% depending on manufacturer and production materials. - The average price of the locally produced SWH units consisting of two flat plate and storage tank in the range between 250 $ and 350 $ depending on quality and manufacturer. 16

17 Economic benefit to consumer Boiler Type Annual Production Liter Water Water Temp (C`) Efficiency Annual Running Cost ($) Electrical Diesel // // Gas // // Solar Water Heater // // 34-17

18 Photovoltaic applications in Palestine Energy Research Center - Electrification of seven isolated clinics through photovoltaic system supplying them with required electricity for lighting, refrigeration and operating small medical equipment. - Using PV systems for public lighting in Gaza (Wadi Gaza Bridge). - Promotion of PV Technologies For electrification houses in different Sites in Palestine. - Providing Al-Aqaba village with electricity by using photovoltaic cells (10 houses). - Providing Innab Alkabeera Village with lighting by promoting solar energy technology (12 Houses ) - Implementing a pilot project of rural electrification with micro grids with solar hybrid generation in the community of Atouf,west Bank 18

19 - Cost per Watt depends on size of system Energy Research Center Cost of a PV system Watts $ per watt $7 $6-$7 $7 $4.5-$6 $6 System cost $800 $ $ Cost per Watt not directly comparable to cost per kwh of electricity - Some fixed cost for, inverter,installation,etc as low as (5-6)$ per watt peak 19

20 Photovoltaic production 20

21 The cost per watt 21

22 Stand Alone Solar System in Atouf village in Palestine 12 kw 22

23 Solar System:Grid Connected (future pilot project ) 23

24 Solar pumping (in some location in Palestine) 24

25 Street lighting In Gaza 25

26 Renewable Energy in the World Currently, several renewable energy technologies have reached or are approaching maturity and can be utilized for both small-scale and large-scale applications. Photovoltaic (PV) Annual world production of photovoltaic (PV) panels reached over 390 Mwp, with annual growth of 38%. The current cost of generating electricity using PV panels is US$ 0.20 to US$ 0.60 per kwh. It is expected that the PV market will reach Mwp by

27 Renewable Energy in the World (Cont ) Solar thermal Solar thermal electricity generating plants are developed for largescale applications, with more than 400Mwe currently installed. The cost of solar thermal generated electricity currently is US$ 0.08 to US$ 0.12 per kwh, depending on plant type and the level of solar irradiation on site. The cost is expected to drop by half to US$ 0.04 to US$ 0.06 per kwh by

28 Renewable Energy in the World (Cont ) Wind Power World installed wind power capacity reached Mwe in early 2002, and a 38.2 % annual growth rate. In sites with strong winds, the cost of generated electricity varies between US$ 0.04 to US$ 0.06 per kwh, and is expected to fall to US$ to US$ per kwh by

29 Renewable Energy Resources (Cont ) Energy prices by source (US$/KWh) US$ / KWh PV Panels Generation Wind Generatin Solar Thermal Generation Hydro-electric Generation min cost / KWh Max cost / KWh 29

30 Greenpeace fossil free energy scenario 30

31 Solar Renewable Energy Resources The annual average of the recorded monthly global solar radiation (in kw h/m^2/day) in Arab countries. 31

32 Barriers Facing the Adoption of Renewable Energy Technologies in the Region Renewable energy policies and strategies are not yet integrated into national energy policies. Financial resources for renewable energy investments remains limited. Coordination of efforts and experiences between concerned parties is weak. Databases are inadequate. Energy Research Center Technology transfer and local manufacture activities are insufficient. Capacity building programmes are limited. 32

33 Some Solutions.. Integrating renewable energy policies into national energy policies with defined and targeted contributions. Strengthening relevant national institutions. Encouraging renewable energy technology transfer and supporting local industries seeking to develop or use renewable energy technologies. 33

34 Some Solutions.. Enhancing resource assessment activities for wind and biomass. Intensifying capacity building and public awareness programmes. Initiating new financial mechanisms for supporting renewable energy adopting, particularly in rural areas. 34