Renewable Energies in Egypt Activities of TU Berlin. Dipl.-Ing. Johannes Wellmann TU Berlin, Campus El Gouna

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1 Renewable Energies in Egypt Activities of TU Berlin Dipl.-Ing. Johannes Wellmann TU Berlin, Campus El Gouna

2 Solar radiation in MENA Very good conditions due to very high direct radiation CSP favorable, in Egypt TWh potential (130 TWh/a needed in 2008) Global horizontal radiation up to kwh/m² a TU Berlin Campus El Gouna in Egypt

3 Solar radiation in Egypt Due to the fact, that there are many costal sides for CSP plants possible, they could be used to generate the energy needed for desalination 496 TWh/a possible for CSP until 2050 Sun shines between 9-11 h/day and good weather conditions kwh/m² a Direct normal radiation (DNI) up to kwh/m² a TU Berlin Campus El Gouna in Egypt

4 CSP plants in Egypt Kuraymat: operational MW ISCC plant, with gas turbine and steam turbine - 20 MW el solar electricity generation, in operation since June Solar field: m² aperture area, 160 solar collector arrays, 60 MW th - Steam turbine: Siemens, wet cooling tower Kom Ombo: planned MW el solar electricity generation, 700 Mio. US $ investments Desertec initiative could lead to more CSP power plants in the MENA region and approx. 400 Bill. EUR total investments possible Due to subsidies of fossil fuels, all solar projects with grid connection can only be realized with massive international financial support TU Berlin Campus El Gouna in Egypt

5 Solar field in Kuraymat TU Berlin Campus El Gouna in Egypt

6 Map of wind Technical potential: 7650 TWh / year Economic potential: 90 TWh / year TU Berlin Campus El Gouna in Egypt

7 Costs for wind electricity Windpark Zafarana: 1,7 Mio. US $ per installed MW Costs of electricity: 4 9 US ct / kwh (relatively low due to good location) NREA sells the generated electricity for 14,6 pt / kwh to the EETC TU Berlin Campus El Gouna in Egypt

8 Research activities in the Department for Energy Engineering TU Berlin Campus El Gouna in Egypt

9 Solar Energy generation TECHNIQUE CONVERSION T MAX SCALE Photovoltaic DC-AC Converter n/a small - medium Solar thermal generation non-concentrating Heat generation < 100 C small - medium Solar thermal generation concentrating Heat generation power plant max. 800 C large TU Berlin Campus El Gouna in Egypt

10 Photovoltaic Energy Technology Technology: uses the photoelectric effect for generating electricity (DC) directly from spectra of the sunlight Uses direct and diffuse radiation for energy conversion Performance (capacity factor) highly dependent from location and used technology TU Berlin Campus El Gouna in Egypt [DLR, lecture slides Integration of Renewable Energies, Dr. Franz Trieb]

11 Photovoltaic Performance Characteristics Capacity Credit = Contribution to firm capacity and balancing power No contribution to firm capacity, Capacity Credit = 0, but relatively reliable minimum supply during daytime Fluctuating primary energy: only expensive electrical storage possible (Batteries) Example for firm capacity of 20 MW, with fossil backup (e.g. Gas) needs 75 % fossil backup TU Berlin Campus El Gouna in Egypt [DLR, lecture slides Integration of Renewable Energies, Dr. Franz Trieb]

12 Wind Energy Technology Technology: modern wind turbines use the lift force of the wind like airplanes, which are converted with a generator to electricity Marked ready technology with on/offshore options to reasonable costs Power output highly dependent from suitable location, because the correlation wind speed and power increases in cubic (exp. 3) TU Berlin Campus El Gouna in Egypt [DLR, lecture slides Integration of Renewable Energies, Dr. Franz Trieb]

13 Wind Performance Characteristics Capacity Credit = Contribution to firm capacity and balancing power Limited contribution to firm capacity, Capacity Credit below 30%, in Germany 8% onshore and 12% offshore Fluctuating primary energy: only expensive electrical storage possible (Batteries) Example for firm capacity of 20 MW, with fossil backup (e.g. Gas) needs 60 % fossil backup TU Berlin Campus El Gouna in Egypt [DLR, lecture slides Integration of Renewable Energies, Dr. Franz Trieb]

14 CSP Energy Technology Technology: concentrating sunlight to generate high-temperature heat to drive a steam turbine (conventional power cycle) Storable thermal energy delivers firm capacity as fuel saver, power on demand Combined generation of process heat possible, e.g. thermal desalination TU Berlin Campus El Gouna in Egypt [DLR, lecture slides Integration of Renewable Energies, Dr. Franz Trieb]

15 CSP Performance Characteristics Capacity Credit = Contribution to firm capacity and balancing power Potential full contribution to firm capacity, up to 90% in combination with thermal energy storage and fuel backup Storable primary energy: Heat can be stored daytime storage, no seasonal Example for firm capacity of 20 MW, with fossil backup (e.g. Gas) needs 10 % fossil backup TU Berlin Campus El Gouna in Egypt [DLR, lecture slides Integration of Renewable Energies, Dr. Franz Trieb]

16 Challenge of a supply with renewable energies Load of El Gouna Three days of electricity load in El Gouna el. load [kw] Load PV Wind hour of day TU Berlin Campus El Gouna in Egypt

17 Renewable Energies and the location The power output of every technology depends on the selected location, which requires exact determination of local weather data Databases like Meteonorm or own weather station Measurement of wind speed and direction (assessment for wind power) Measurement of solar radiation (global and diffuse radiation), shortwave and longwave radiation [FU Berlin, Dr. Ines Langer] TU Berlin Campus El Gouna in Egypt

18 Weather measurement: Solar radiation Assessment of solar power since February 2013 Measurement of live weather data in El Gouna with our own weather station, build up February 2013 in cooperation with the Institute for Meteorology, FU Berlin May Mai 2013 Diffuse Radiation W/m² Longwave radiation W/m² Global Radidation W/m² Meteodata: El Gouna PS Radiation W/m² : : : : : : :00 Time : : : : : : TU Berlin Campus El Gouna in Egypt

19 Weather measurement: Wind speed / direction Assessment of wind power in May 2013 Wind speed ranging from 4-18 m/s coming predominantly from northern directions TU Berlin Campus El Gouna in Egypt

20 Concentrating solar power Concentrating systems in cooperation with the DLR System analysis and integration Simulation of CSP and desalination plants Special focus on Fresnel systems [DLR, Aqua CSP Study, 2007] TU Berlin Campus El Gouna in Egypt

21 Thermal desalination Combination of advantages from MED and MSF: new process from a Swiss company (Watersolutions AG) Improvement of the heat transfer through spray condensers, but more electric power for water pumping necessary Cooperation in research for CSP+D Pilot plant in El Gouna, TU Berlin Campus El Gouna in Egypt [Watersolutions AG, Process description, 2012]

22 Simulation of CSP and desalination Electric power 2,4 MW el Waste heat 7,7 MW th Solar Power 10,2 MW th Freshwater 26,2 m³/h [Bachelor Thesis, Karl Neuhäuser, 2013] TU Berlin Campus El Gouna in Egypt

23 Combined power and water generation Developing the simulation of the WS-LTD allows the analysis of the combination of CSP plants and desalination with waste heat (condenser) Distillate production highly dependent from CSP condensing pressure TU Berlin Campus El Gouna in Egypt [Bachelor Thesis, Karl Neuhäuser, 2013]

24 Photovoltaics Building up research ISC Konstanz: module testing site for measurement of soiling and mechanical stress in desert environments, modules from different manufacturers Research about different combinations with photovoltaic systems, like supply of water pumps or A/C systems Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin: support in teaching, fundamental research and development of high-efficiency and costsaving thin-film solar cells TU Berlin Campus El Gouna in Egypt

25 Final Energy for Room Air Cooling TU Berlin Campus El Gouna in Egypt

26 Solar Cooling Concept HVAC TU Berlin Campus El Gouna in Egypt

27 System Design 6 modules: Battery Size of: - each 230 W peak - total area of 9.8 m kwh Fan Coil with: 450 m 3 /h TU Berlin Campus El Gouna in Egypt

28 RE for Sustainable Energy Supply Dr. Franz Trieb, DLR TU Berlin Campus El Gouna in Egypt

29 Criteria for Sustainable Electricity Supply Inexpensive low electricity cost no long term subsidies Secure diversified and redundant supply power on demand based on inexhaustible resources available or at least visible technology capacities expandable in time Compatible low pollution climate protection low risks for health and environment fair access TU Berlin Campus El Gouna in Egypt

30 Portfolio of Energy Sources for Electricity Coal, Lignite Oil, Gas Nuclear Fission, Fusion Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Geothermal Power (Hot Dry Rock) Biomass Hydropower Wind Power Photovoltaic Wave / Tidal ideally stored primary energy storable primary energy fluctuating primary energy TU Berlin Campus El Gouna in Egypt

31 Portfolio of Energy Sources for Electricity Coal, Lignite Oil, Gas Nuclear Fission, Fusion Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Geothermal Power (Hot Dry Rock) Biomass Hydropower Wind Power Photovoltaic Wave / Tidal ideally stored primary energy storable primary energy fluctuating primary energy TU Berlin Campus El Gouna in Egypt

32 Options for renewable Energies TU Berlin Campus El Gouna in Egypt [DLR and

33 Renewable Electricity Potential in Europe, Middle East & North Africa Biomass (0-1) Geothermal (0-1) Solar (10-250) Max Wind Energy (5-50) Hydropower (0-50) Min Electricity Yield in GWh/km²/y TU Berlin Campus El Gouna in Egypt

34 Renewable Electricity Potential in the Middle East & North Africa Hydro Geo Bio CSP Wind PV * Algeria Bahrain Djibouti Egypt Gaza & WB Iran Iraq Israel Jordan Kuwait n.a. 3.8 Lebanon Libya Malta Morocco Oman Qatar n.a. 1.5 Saudi Arabia Syria Tunisia UAE n.a. 9.0 Yemen Total (TWh/a) * PV potential includes demand side restrictions, economic potential similar to CSP TU Berlin Campus El Gouna in Egypt

35 Global Cumulated Wind, PV and CSP Capacity in 2011 Cumulated Installed Capacity (GW) CSP 1.5 GW Wind 1.5 GW PV 1.5 GW Year PV Wind CSP Source: WWEA 2012, EPIA 2012, ESTELA 2012, REN TU Berlin Campus El Gouna in Egypt

36 Global New Investment in Renewable Energy in billion US$ $257 billion invested in RE in 2011 (up 16% from 2010) To this adds: estimated $10 billion (unreported) invested in solar hot water $25 billion invested in large hydropower (>50 MW) For comparison: $302 billion invested in conventional fossil power plants TU Berlin Campus El Gouna in Egypt

37 Jobs in Renewable Energy Industry in 2011 (up 1.5 million from 2010) TU Berlin Campus El Gouna in Egypt

38 Electricity Cost ($ 2010 /kwh) B1 B2 B B Year Cost of CSP at DNI 2400 kwh / m ² / a Peak Load Cost Medium Load Cost Base Load Cost Average Cost without CSP Break Even with different load segments TU Berlin Campus El Gouna in Egypt

39 Concept of Sustainable Power for El Gouna TU Berlin Campus El Gouna in Egypt Prod./Cons. Cap./Load GWh/a kw PV Wind CSP Solar CSP Fuel Residual Total Cap Load

40 Thank You Very Much For Your Attention! TU Berlin Campus El Gouna in Egypt