TAKING ENERGY IMPROVEMENTS TO THE NEXT LEVEL: MICRO-HYDRO

Transcription

1 DRINKING WATER ENERGY MANAGEMENT WORKSHOP SERIES TAKING ENERGY IMPROVEMENTS TO THE NEXT LEVEL: MICRO-HYDRO Steven Jones, M.S., P.E. September 4, 2013

2 Outline Micro Hydro Power Basics Hydro Power Equipment Existing Micro Hydro Systems Design Example

3 Hydro Power Basics What is Micro Hydro Power? Large Hydro Power: > 30 Megawatts Small Hydro Power: < 30 Megawatts Mini Hydro Power: < 1 Megawatt Micro Hydro Power: < 100 Kilowatts Pico Hydro Power: < 10 Kilowatts

4 Hydro Power Basics Large Hydropower Plants: Grand Coulee Dam Hoover Dam Flaming Gorge 6,480 Megawatts 2,078 Megawatts 151 Megawatts

5 Hydro Power Basics Small Hydropower Plants: Cutler Dam Jordanelle Deer Creek 29 Megawatts 12 Megawatts 4.9 Megawatts

6 Hydro Power Basics Why Hydro Power? Available Green Power (Clean) Sustainable Power Easy to Implement

7 Hydro Power Basics Hydro Power within a Drinking Water System? Pressure Regulator Stations Springs Flow into System Any Water With Higher Head

8 Flow, af/mo Hydro Power Basics Typical Spring Flows Power Generation w/base Flow Power Generation w/base Flow JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC Months

9 Hydro Power Basics Water Pressure Head Units: Feet or PSI 2.31 Feet of Head = 1 PSI PSI = 1 Ft of Head

10 Hydro Power Basics Water Flow Units: Gallons per Minute (GPM) Cubic Feet Per Second (CFS) 449 GPM = 1 CFS

11 Hydro Power Basics POWER Basic Unit = Horsepower (Hp) or Watts 1 Hp = TDH * Q = 746 Watts 3,960 TDH = Total Dynamic Head, feet Q = Water Flow, gallons per minute

12 Hydro Power Basics POWER 1,000 Watts = Kilowatt (kw) 1,000 kw = Megawatt (mw) Average US Household uses 3.5 kw

13 ENERGY Hydro Power Basics Energy = Power Applied over Time Basic Unit = Watt-Hours (WH) 1,000 WH = 1 Kilowatt-Hour (kwh) 1,000 kwh = 1 Megawatt-Hour (mwh) Average US Household uses 10,700 kwh per year

14 Hydro Power Basics Marketing Power Power Industry Deregulated in 1993 All Power May Be Marketed

15 Hydro Power Basics Marketing Power Many Options for Power Sales: Cooperatives UAMPS (Utah Associated Municipal Power Systems) UMPA (Utah Municipal Power Agency) ICL&P ( Idaho County Light & Power) Use of power on-site or in Owner s grid

16 Permitting Hydro Power Basics FERC = Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Permitting Process = Lengthy Small Conduit Exemption

17 Hydro Power Equipment LOW HEAD + HIGH VOLUME Axial Flow or Propeller Units (<30 Head)

18 Hydro Power Equipment Kaplan Turbine

19 Hydro Power Equipment HIGH HEAD + LOW VOLUME Turbine or Pelton Wheel Francis Turbine Pelton Wheel

20 Francis Turbine Hydro Power Equipment

21 Hydro Power Equipment Difgen Hydro Turbine A Volumetric displacement turbine Rotating barrier between the upstream and downstream fluids A fixed volume is dosed through the turbine for each revolution By applying negative load, differential pressure is dynamically controlled The negative load is an electric generator, controlled by variable speed frequency drive

22 Hydro Power Equipment

23 Hydro Power Equipment

24 Hydro Power Equipment

25 Hydro Power Equipment

26 Hydro Power Equipment The X143HP Hydro Power Generator is a self-contained power generation system that uses the pressure drop across the valve to produce power to run electronic equipment located at the valve site. Retrofits to an existing Cla-Val Control Valve Can be specified on a new valve Ideal for isolated locations and confined spaces Generates up to 250 watts of power without tying into the grid to operate onsite equipment, including the following: - Electronic Control Valves - Communications Equipment - Data loggers that capture and store information - Vault equipment: sump pumps, lighting, heat tape

27 Hydro Power Equipment

28 Hydro Power Equipment Micro Hydro Power Equipment Cost Approx. $ 1,000/kW

29 Example #1 Brigham City, Utah Mantua Springs Hydro Station Water Head Water Flow Turbine Style Power Capacity 470 feet (204 psi) 3,500 gpm (7.8 cfs) Francis Turbine 575 KW # of 3.5 kw 160

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32 Example #1 Public Drinking Water Issues Special Maintenance Sanitary Survey Items

33 Example #2 Boulder, Colorado Orodell Station Water Head 413 feet (179 psi) Water Flow 3,100 gpm Turbine Style Francis Turbine Power Capacity 180 KW # of 3.5 kw 51

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35 Example #2 Boulder, Colorado Orodell Station Economics Capital Cost (1987) $ 540,000 Days Operated in days Annual Energy Sales Revenue Years to Payback* $ 18, years * Time Value of Money Not Included

36 Boulder, Colorado Example #2 Orodell Station Economics Re-Analyzed Capital Cost (1987) Minus PRV Cost Days Operated in 2006 $ 440, days Annual Energy Sales Revenue Years to Payback* $ 18, years * Time Value of Money Not Included

37 Example #2 Boulder, Colorado Orodell Station Economics Re-Analyzed Capital Cost (1987) Minus PRV Cost Continuous Operation $ 440, days Annual Energy Sales Revenue Years to Payback* $ 54,300 8 years * Time Value of Money Not Included

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40 Design Example Option #1: Sell Energy to Wholesale Market Capital Cost Est. (both locations) $ 75,000 Days Operating Annual Energy Sales $0.04/kwh Years to Payback* 365 days $ 3, years * Time Value of Money Not Included

41 Design Example Option #1B: Run All Water To Distribution Tank In Winter Months Capital Cost Est. (both locations) $ 85,000 Days Operating Annual Energy Sales $0.04/kwh Years to Payback* 365 days $ 4, years * Time Value of Money Not Included

42 Design Example Option #2: Use Energy for Deep Well Pump During Summer Months Capital Cost Est. (both locations) $ 95,000 Days Operating 365 days Energy Credit for Deep Well Pump During Summer (60 $ 0.08/kwh Wholesale Energy $ 0.04/kwh Years to Payback* $ 1,600 $ 3, years * Time Value of Money Not Included

43 Design Example Option #2B: Use Energy for Deep Well Pump During Summer Months Capital Cost Est. (both locations) $ 95,000 Days Operating 365 days Energy Credit for Deep Well Pump During Summer (120 $ 0.08/kwh Wholesale Energy $ 0.04/kwh Years to Payback* $ 3,300 $ 3, years * Time Value of Money Not Included

44 Conclusions Why Micro Hydro Power? Clean Easy to Implement Sustainable Industry Deregulation Open Market Equipment is Available

45 Conclusions Power and Energy: Design for Steady Flow Design for Base Year Round Flow Public Drinking Water Issues: Special Maintenance Sanitary Protection

46 Conclusions Design and Construction: Keep Costs Low Use Existing Structures if Possible Power Sales: On Site Use = Favorable Due to Retail Cost Offset Wholesale Export = Less Favorable