5. Bacteria are members of which kingdom? a. Monera b. Protista c. Plantae d. Fungi e. Animalia
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1 1. Which of the following does NOT comprise a logical hierarchy of organization? a. molecules, atoms, organelles, tissues, systems b. molecules, cells, tissues, organ systems, populations c. cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms d. organisms, populations, communities, biomes, biosphere e. family, order, class, phylum, kingdom 2. Which of the following statements is NOT true about all living things? a. They are made of cells or cell products. b. They are the products of evolution. c. Their composition includes carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. d. They undergo growth and development. e. They have a cell wall as an outer boundary. 3. The scientific method usually begins with a. formulating a testable hypothesis. b. collecting data. c. formulating a theory. d. searching for relevant materials in the library. e. conducting a controlled experiment. 4. Which of the following levels in the hierarchy of biological organization includes all of the other levels in the list? a. organ system b. organism c. population d. ecosystem e. community 5. Bacteria are members of which kingdom? a. Monera b. Protista c. Plantae d. Fungi e. Animalia 6. What do a fungus, a tree, and a human have in common? a. They are all members of the same kingdom. b. They are all prokaryotic. c. They are all members of the same class. d. They all have cell walls. e. They are all composed of cells with nuclei. 7. The unity and diversity of life is best explained by a. examining the five-kingdom system of classification. b. the cell theory. c. studying the interactions between organisms and their environments. d. Darwin's theory of descent with modification. e. the variance observed in growth and development of species.
2 8. Most ecosystems are solar powered. This means that a. plants and other photosynthetic organisms convert light energy to chemical energy, which is then available to animals. b. animals require solar energy to break chemical bonds and release stored energy. c. all energy comes from fission reactions occurring on the sun. d. enzymes are needed to control the release of stored energy. e. all organisms' activities require solar energy. 9. The lowest structural level in which all of life's properties occur is a. molecular DNA. b. a cell's organelles. c. the cell. d. a tissue. e. an organism. The next questions will use the following answers. Each answer may be used once, more than once, or not at all. A. Monera B. Protista C. Fungi D. Plantae E. Animalia 10. Most obtain food by ingestion. 11. The atomic number of neon is 10. Therefore it a. has 8 electrons in the outer electron shell. b. is inert. c. has an atomic mass of 10. d. Only A and B are correct. e. A, B, and C are correct. 12. What do atoms form when they share electron pairs? a. elements b. ions c. aggregates d. isotopes e. molecules 13. Nitrogen (N) is much more electronegative than hydrogen (H). Which of the following statements is correct about ammonia (NH 3 )? a. Each hydrogen atom has a partial positive charge. b. The nitrogen atom has a strong positive charge. c. Each hydrogen atom has a slight negative charge. d. The nitrogen atom has a partial positive charge. e. There are covalent bonds between the hydrogen atoms. 14. What is the maximum number of covalent bonds an element with atomic number 16 can make with hydrogen? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 e. 5
3 15. The reactive properties of an atom depend on the number of a. valence shells in the atom. b. orbitals found in the atom. c. electrons in each orbital in the atom. d. electrons in the outer valence shell in the atom. e. hybridized orbitals in the atom. 16. Which of the following represents a polar covalent bond? a. H-H b. C-C c. H-O d. C-H e. O-O 17. The ionic bond of sodium chloride is formed when a. chlorine gains an electron from sodium. b. sodium and chlorine share an electron pair. c. sodium and chlorine both lose electrons from their outer energy levels. d. sodium gains an electron from chlorine. e. chlorine gains a proton from sodium. 18. Which four elements make up approximately 96% of living matter? a. carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen b. carbon, sulfur, phosphorus, hydrogen c. oxygen, hydrogen, calcium, sodium d. carbon, sodium, chlorine, magnesium e. carbon, oxygen, sulfur, calcium 19. The shape of a molecule a. determines its biological function. b. is determined by orbital positions of its atoms. c. determines how molecules recognize and respond to each other. d. may aid in the formation of bonds. e. All of the above. 20. An atomic form of an element containing different numbers of neutrons is a. an isotope. b. an ion. c. a polar atom. d. an isomer. e. radioactive. 21. The partial negative charge at one end of a water molecule is attracted to the partial positive charge of another water molecule. What is this attraction called? a. a covalent bond b. a hydrogen bond c. an ionic bond d. a hydration shell e. a hydrophobic bond
4 22. Life on Earth is dependent on all the properties of water as well as the abundance of water. Which property of water is probably most important for the functioning of organisms at the molecular level? a. cohesion and high surface tension b. high specific heat c. high heat of vaporization d. expansion upon freezing e. versatility as a solvent 23. Which of the following solutions has the greater concentration of hydrogen ions (H + )? a. gastric juice at ph 2 b. vinegar at ph 3 c. tomatoes at ph 4 d. black coffee at ph 5 e. seawater at ph A solution with a ph of 3 has how many more H + than a solution with a ph of 6? a. 2 times more b. 10 times more c. 100 times more d. 200 times more e times more 25. Buffers are substances that help resist shifts in ph by a. releasing H + in acidic solutions. b. releasing H + in basic solutions. c. combining with H + in basic solutions. d. combining with OH - in acidic solutions. e. releasing OH - in basic solutions. 26. What do the following have in common with reference to water: cohesion, surface tension, specific heat? a. All are products of the structure of the hydrogen atom. b. All are produced by covalent bonding. c. All are properties related to hydrogen bonding. d. All have to do with polarity of water molecules. e. All are aspects of a semicrystalline structure. 27. The molecular mass of glucose is 180 g. To make a one-molar solution of glucose, you should do which of the following? a. Dissolve 100 g of glucose in a liter of water. b. Dissolve 180 g of glucose in a gallon of water. c. Dissolve 180 g of glucose in 100 grams of water. d. Dissolve 180 mg (milligrams) of glucose in one liter of water. e. Dissolve 180 g of glucose in water, and then add more water until the total volume of the solution is one liter. 28. What is the maximum number of hydrogen bonds a water molecule can form with neighboring water molecules? a. one b. two c. three d. four e. five
5 29. What bonds must be broken for water to go from a liquid to a gas? a. covalent b. polar covalent c. ionic d. hydrogen e. hydrophobic 30. At what temperature is water at its densest? a. 0 o C b. 4 o C c. 32 o C d. 100 o C e. 212 o C 31. A compound contains hydroxyl groups as its predominant functional group. Which of the following statements is true concerning this compound? a. It is probably a lipid. b. It should dissolve in water. c. It should dissolve in a nonpolar solvent. d. It won't form hydrogen bonds with water. e. It is hydrophobic. 32. What is the reason why hydrocarbons are not soluble in water? a. They are hydrophilic. b. The C-H bond is nonpolar. c. They do not ionize. d. They are large molecules. e. They are lighter than water. 33. Which of the following is true of geometric isomers? a. They have variations in arrangement around a double bond. b. They have an asymmetric carbon that makes them mirror images. c. They have the same chemical properties. d. They have different molecular formulas. e. Their atoms and bonds are arranged in different sequences. 34. Which two functional groups are always found in amino acids? a. amine and sulfhydryl b. carbonyl and carboxyl c. carboxyl and amine d. alcohol and aldehyde e. ketone and amine 35. Which type of molecule would be most abundant in a typical cell? a. hydrocarbon b. protein c. water d. lipid e. carbohydrate
6 36. Which property of the carbon atom gives it compatibility with a greater number of different elements than any other type of atom? a. Carbon has 6-8 neutrons. b. Carbon has a valence of 4. c. Carbon forms ionic bonds. d. Only A and C are correct. e. A, B, and C are correct. 37. Which functional groups can act as acids? a. amine and sulfhydryl b. carbonyl and carboxyl c. carboxyl and phosphate d. alcohol and aldehyde e. ketone and amine 38. Which is the best description of a carbonyl group? a. a carbon and hydrogen atom b. an oxygen double-bonded to a carbon and a hydroxyl group c. a nitrogen and a hydrogen bonded to a carbon atom d. a sulfur and a hydrogen bonded to a carbon atom e. a carbon atom joined to an oxygen atom by a double bond 39. Structural isomers are molecules that a. are enantiomers. b. are hydrocarbons. c. have a ring structure. d. are mirror images. e. differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms. 40. Which of these functional groups is characteristic of ketones? a. amino b. sulfhydryl c. carbonyl d. phosphate e. hydroxyl
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