7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
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1 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
2 Eukaryotic Cell Structures Organelles - Structures in a eukaryotic cells that perform important cellular functions. eukaryotic cell divided into two major parts: Nucleus cytoplasm. o portion of the cell outside the nucleus.
3 Plant Cell Nucleus Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Rough endoplasmic reticulum Cell wall Cell membrane Nucleolus Nuclear envelope Ribosome (free) Ribosome (attached) Golgi apparatus Chloroplast Vacuole Mitochondrion
4 Animal Cell Nucleus Nuclear envelope Rough endoplasmic reticulum Centrioles Nucleolus Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Ribosome (free) Cell membrane Ribosome (attached) Mitochondrion
5 Nucleus What is the function of the nucleus? control center of the cell. contains nearly all the cell's DNA coded instructions for making proteins and other important molecules. Chromatin Nucleolus Nuclear envelope Nuclear pores
6 nuclear envelope - surrounds nucleus made of two membranes. dotted with nuclear pores allow material to move in and out of the nucleus. Nuclear envelope Nuclear pores
7 Chromatin granular material in the nucleus. made of DNA bound to protein. When a cell divides, condenses to form chromosomes. contains the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next Chromatin
8 Most nuclei also contain a nucleolus. where the assembly of ribosomes begins. Nucleolus
9 Ribosomes small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm. Proteins are assembled on ribosomes. following coded instructions from the nucleus. Cells active in protein synthesis often packed with ribosomes. Ribosome (free) Ribosome (attached)
10 Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) internal membrane system lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled proteins and other materials that are exported from the cell. Endoplasmic Reticulum Ribosomes
11 two types of ER rough and smooth. rough endoplasmic reticulum - rough ER. involved in protein synthesis Ribosomes are found on the surface of rough ER. abundant in cells that produce large amounts of protein for export. Smooth ER does not have ribosomes on its surface. contains collections of enzymes that perform specialized tasks synthesis of membrane lipids detoxification of drugs. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
12 Golgi Apparatus The Golgi apparatus looks like a stack of stack-like membranes. Proteins produced in the rough ER move into the Golgi apparatus. modified sorted, and packaged o for storage in the cell o or secretion outside the cell.
13 Lysosomes small organelles filled with enzymes. break down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins So that they can be used by the rest of the cell. break down organelles that have outlived their usefulness.
14 Vacuoles saclike structures store materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates. plant cells single, large central vacuole filled with liquid. The pressure of the central vacuole allows plants to support heavy structures such as leaves and flowers. Vacuole
15 Vacuoles are also found in some unicellular organisms and in some animals. The paramecium contains a contractile vacuole that pumps excess water out of the cell. Contractile vacuole
16 Mitochondria in nearly all eukaryotic cells convert chemical energy in food into compounds that are easier for the cell to use. enclosed by two membranes - outer and inner inner membrane is folded up inside the organelle. Mitochondrion
17 Chloroplasts Found in plants and some other organisms capture energy from sunlight convert it into chemical energy photosynthesis. surrounded by two membranes. contain the green pigment chlorophyll. Chloroplast
18 Cytoskeleton Gives eukaryotic cells shape and internal organization network of protein filaments that helps the cell to maintain its shape also involved in movement. made up of: microfilaments microtubules
19 Microfilaments: threadlike structures made up of the protein actin. form extensive networks in some cells. produce a tough, flexible framework that supports the cell. help some cells move. Microtubules: hollow structures made up of proteins known as tubulins. maintain cell shape. are important in cell division. build projections from the cell surface cilia and flagella - allow some cells to swim
20 Centrioles In animal cells formed from tubulin. Found near the nucleus help to organize cell division. Centrioles
21
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