A Study on the Construction of Environmental Energy Town in SUDOKWON Landfill Site for Low Carbon, Green Growth

Transcription

1 A Study on the Construction of Environmental Energy Town in SUDOKWON Landfill Site for Low Carbon, Green Growth CONTACT Youjung Kim and Hwa-soo Oh, SLC Youjung Kim, SLC #58, Baekseok-dong, Seo-gu, Incheon, South Korea TEL : , FAX : ujung07@slc.or.kr EXECUTIVE SUMMARY SUDOKWON Environmental Energy Town is one of 13 energy towns that Korean government will invest in to boost new and renewable energy more than 11 percent by The town consists of (1) Waste, (2) Solar and wind, and (3) Bio Energy towns, and (4) Environmental culture complex. RDF from combustible waste, biogas and solid fuel from organic waste, solar and wind power energy, biofuels from wood will be produced in each town. In culture complex are to develop technology and attract people. It is expected to generate alternative energy of about 10 thousands Gcal a day and contribute to creating new jobs and extending the period of landfill. INTRODUCTION There has been a paradigm shift in our approach to waste management: waste which was buried in 80 s is now regarded as a valuable resource and conversed into recyclable materials, energy (biogas RDF) and compost, etc. It is for the needs of the times about the sustainable development and zero waste society against climate change and exhaustion of fossil fuel. Worldwide energy demand is projected to rise from 11.9 billion TOE in 2006 to 17.1 billion TOE in 2030, while high oil price is projected to persist and the availability of fossil fuel is expected to decline over the long term. Furthermore, the usage of fossil fuel makes concerns over the potential impact of global warming. Recently, there were two reports that three quarters of fossil fuel reserve must be left unused if we want to keep global temperature 2 below. The other major point mentioned in the reports was that we need urgent cuts in carbon emission to limit the risk of global warming. Table 1. Projection in Energy demand

2 Figure 1. A Schematic Drawing of SUDOKWON Environmental Energy Town South Korea consumed million TOE of primary energy in 2007 as 9th largest energy consumption country. Only 3% of consumed energy, however, was self-sufficient and 97% of consumption totally depended on import. Total energy demand in South Korea is projected to be 233 million TOE increased by 47% over the 2006 to 2030 period as shown in Table 1. In addition, government needs to take measures for organic waste treatment as ocean dumping of organic waste such as sewage sludge, swine and food waste will be banned in 2013 in Korea according to regulation on ocean dumping protocol. To challenge this energy crisis and waste management, South Korea is struggling to create solutions under the vision of Low Carbon, Green Growth. The government will make all-out investments to boost the use of new and renewable energy from the current 2 percent to more than 11 percent by 2030 and, ultimately, to more than 20 percent by SUDOKWON ENVIRONMENTAL ENERGY TOWN To fulfill the national plan for new and renewable energy, Korean government planned to build up 13 Energy Town s in order to be prepared for energy demand and lower the usage of fossil fuel through out the country. We, SUDOKWON (Seoul and its vicinity) Landfill Site Management Corporation, are planning to construct SUDOKWON Environmental Energy TOWN as a part of the program. This town which will be built on idle landfill site aims to develop and supply new and renewable energy such as solar and wind power, recovered heat, RDF and biofuels (including biogas from waste) and thereby to develop a sustainable landfill site. The town will be composed of 4 themes; (1) Waste Energy Town, (2) Solar and Wind Energy Town, (3) Bio Energy Town, (4) Environmental Culture Park and the scheme drawing of the town is shown in Figure 1. It is expected to be a worldwide brand new environmental sightseeing place with all the four towns. SUDOKWON Landfill Site has been a landfill site for waste brought from Seoul and its vicinity since 1992 and was designed to be used until It has geological advantages for constructing the environmental energy town: It is the world largest landfill site with 20 million square meters of land

3 Figure 2. A Schematic Drawing of Waste Energy Town and located in Incheon near by Incheon International Airport and FEZ (Free economic zone). The landfill area is divided into 4 sites: the first site expired in 2000, the second site is in use and the third is under construction. The towns are planned to be built on idle area in the third and fourth sites. Waste Energy Town Waste Energy Town will be built in a part of the third landfill site with 330 thousand square meters of land containing RDF manufacturing facilities and its boiler, biogas plant, sewage sludge solidifying plant and a schematic plan for waste energy town is shown in Figure 2. In 2007 about 5.1 million tons of waste was brought in and municipal and construction waste amounted to 1.2 million tons and 2.7 million tons, respectively. Composition of municipal and construction waste are given in Table 2. Combustible portions of municipal and construction waste were 94% and 49% and water content is less than 25% according to research of SLC. This means Table 2. Composition of municipal waste and construction waste (Unit : %)

4 RDF with high heating value can be produced. It is calculated to have 4,500~5,300Kcal/kg which is similar amount of energy with hard coal. When RDF manufacturing facilities start to operate, about 2.4 thousand tons of RDF will be produced from 2.2 thousand tons of municipal waste and 4 thousand tons of construction waste daily. The rising price of oil and the introduction of RPS (Renewable Portfolio Standard) in Korea are expected to stimulate the demand for the RDF. Total amount of RDF generated except for 600 tons is prospected to be sold in market such as CHPs (combined heat and power plant), paper mills, cement kiln and so on. 600 tons of RDF will be utilized as an energy source through RDF boiler in SLC and produce 23.1MW of electricity and 1,680 Gcal of heat per day. 13,753 tons of food waste was generated in 2007 and 96.2% was recycled as compost and feed stuff. In the case of its leachate, 8,818 tons were generated in 2007 and 57% were dumped into the ocean. Diversification on treatment, however, is need due to insufficient market for by products and ocean dumping ban act. Organic waste can be converted into energy by anaerobic digestion, carbonization and so on. In this town, biogas plants for food waste and its leachate are planned to be built with 1,000 ton and 500 ton capacity, respectively. Food waste and its leachate are expected to produce about 90Nm 3 and 50Nm 3 of biogas per waste ton, respectively. Therefore 115 thousand Nm 3 of biogas a day is expected to be produced from this facility and this gas will be used to generate electricity or be refined to produce CNG with 637 Gcal/d. Sewage sludge, another organic waste, has quite low energy content of 22m 3 /ton as biogas compared to food waste. It is better to be transformed into energy as a solid fuel with 3000kcal/kg. Total 2.3 thousand tons of sewage sludge will produce 510 tons of solid fuel with 1,530Gcal daily in the town. Table 3. Generation and Treatment of Food Waste (Unit : ton/d) Table 4. Generation and Treatment of Food Waste Leachate (Unit : ton/d)

5 Solar and Wind Energy Town Solar and wind energy town and bio energy town will be built in the third and fourth landfill sites with 3,050 and 1,140 thousand square meters of land, respectively. Solar power plant has no economic feasibility to promote the business in present. When it is built considering environmental effect, it is expected to generate about 30MW electricity. Wind power plant also has no economic feasibility as wind speed in SLC was researched to be 4.0m/s lower than feasible speed, 5.5m/s. It will need further examination considering its environmental effects. Bio Energy Town A forest is the only natural source of carbon capture and storage. The world s natural forest, however, cannot sustainably meet the soaring global demand to reduce the accumulation of carbon dioxide. The forest area of South Korea reaches up to 64 % of the land area but the degree of selfsufficiency on wood is only 9.8%. Therefore, afforest is one solution to expand the capacity of carbon dioxide absorption as well as to produce wood biomass. Rapeseed will be cultivated and socalled fast wood such as poplar will be planted in Bio Energy town. 30 tons of biodiesel and 4 thousand tons of wood energy in forms of wood chips and pellets will be produced from rapeseed oil and the forest annually. Environmental Culture Complex This complex will be established to support the towns with technology and educate and inform the public. A part of the site will be provided to build pilot plants for energy research to stimulate technology development. Demonstration facilities, observation deck and exhibition facilities will be used to attract the public s attention and to educate and inform them. It is expected to have a role as a global technology hub by holding technical conferences and exhibitions. Table 5. A Budget on Each Business (Unit : million dollars)

6 A BUDGET AND EXPECTATIONS A budget of 1,192 million dollars ( 1,267 /US $, basic rate of exchange) will be required on building the Environmental energy town until Required budgets on each business are shown in Table 5. To finance the budget 270 million dollars will be charged on the National Treasury, 345 million dollars on local government, 97 million dollars on public enterprise and 480 million dollars on private enterprise. Economic value for constructing the Environmental energy town is estimated to be 440 million dollars until 2030 considering cuts on waste treatment, alternative energy production and reduction of carbon dioxide emission. In addition, it is expected to create 25,948 new jobs in construction business and 5,167 in operating business. The town also has an effect on prevention of global warming, abatement of pollution such as odor and leachate, and extension of landfill period. REFERENCES International Energy Outlook 2009, From EIA, Publications (2009): Meinshausen, M., Meinshausen, N., Hare, W., et al. (2009): Greenhouse-gas emission targets for limiting global warming to 2. Nature 458, pp Allen, M., Frame, D., Huntingford, C., et al. (2009): Warming caused by cumulative carbon emissions towards the trillionth tonne. Nature 458, pp BP Statistical Review of World Energy, From BP, Publications (2009): the Basic plan for National Energy, From NSI, Publications (2008): SUDOKWON landfill statistics yearbook, From SLC, Publications (2008)