The Lymphatic System By Elizabeth Woodcock

Transcription

1 The Lymphatic System By Elizabeth Woodcock The Lymphatic system has two main functions. The network of Lymphatic Vessels, Lymph Fluids, and Lymph Nodes, corrals and returns fluids that may have leaked from the vascular system. The Lymphatic system is the structural component of the Immune System.

2 Lymphatic Vessels Functions include: Return excess tissue fluids to the blood stream Return leaked proteins to the blood Carry absorbed fats from the intestine to the blood

3 Lymphatic Capillaries Located all over the body, except bones, teeth, bone marrow, and the CNS. Composed of: Endothelial cells form loosely joined walls that overlap to form valves. Collagen filaments anchor the endothelial cells, increases in interstitial fluids open these

4 Lymphatic Trunks Lymph flows toward the heart, the right lymphatic duct drains from the right side. The Thoracic duct drains from the rest of the body. Feeding the Thoracic duct is the Cisterna Chyli, which is fed by the lower limbs and intestinal trunk.

5 How Lymph gets around Lymph vessels are located next to blood vessels, pulse and smooth muscle contraction help circulate the lymph. Movement of neighboring tissues helps lymph to circulate faster.

6 Lymph Nodes 100's of lymph nodes are located throughout the body, along lymphatic vessels. 2 basic functions: Filtration by macrophages that digest microorganisms and other debris. Immune system activation, strategically located to encounter

7 Lymph Node Structure The superficial cortex houses tightly packed follicles full of B-cell lymphocytes. The inner cortex houses circulating T-cell lymphocytes. The medullary cord is a thin extension of cortical lymphoid tissue and contains both T and B lymphocytes.

8 The Lymphatic Organs Include: Lymph Nodes Spleen Thymus Tonsils Appendix Peyer's Patches

9 Spleen Contained in a fibrous capsule with trabeculae. White Pulp: Where immune functions happen, consists of lymphocytes on reticular fibers that form around the branches of the splenic arteries. Red Pulp: Where RBCs and pathogens are destroyed, contains lots of RBCs and Macrophages. Splenic Cords: regions of reticular connective tissue that divide the Splenic Sinusoids.

10 Thymus Thymic Lobules: Houses both the Cortex and Medulla. The cortex region houses densely packed multiplying lymphocytes with scattered macrophages among them. Thymic Corpuscles: Whirls of keratinized epithelial cells involved in T-cell development for autoimmune response.

11 M.A.L.T. Lymphoid Tissue in mucus membranes throughout the body including: respiratory tract, digestive tract, and genitourinary organs. Peyer's Patches are large clusters of lymphoid follicles located on the distal wall of the small intestine.

12 Tonsils Tonsils are the ring of lymphoid tissue surrounding the top of the throat. Because the tonsils are not encapsulated, the epithelium folds over itself to form tonsular crypts. These folds easily trap bacteria and particles that descend into the lymphoid tissue where they are destroyed

13 Appendix The Appendix has a large amount of lymphoid follicles that destroy bacteria and aid in the generation of memory lymphocytes designed for long term immunity.

14 Lymphatics in the news A few months ago it was discovered that the lymphatic system extends INTO the brain. This elusive lymphatic vessel hid in plain sight, throughout decades of research, because it was small and tucked behind a major blood vessel.

15 Bubonic Plague This plague infects the Lymphatic system, with swelling of the Lymph nodes, known as buboes appearing in the groin, neck and armpits. Because the bacteria is spread by fleas, a blackish pustule will form at the flea bite site, other symptoms include hemorrhaging under the skin

16 Strengthening the Lymphatic Dry Skin Brushing, stimulates the sweat glands and opens pores also increases blood circulation. System Lymphatic Massage, gentle kneading from the extremities working inwards. Raise your feet for 5 minutes then massage Lymph nodes. Proper Nutrition is very important more fresh foods and potassium rich foods, less preservatives and additives, and proper hydration. And of course EXERCISE!!! Movement helps propel Lymph along its vessels.

17 Questions?

18 Belluz, J. (2015, October 30). Bubonic plague cases are on the rise in the US. Yes, really. Retrieved November 3, ilbere, N.D., D.A.Hom., hd, G. AHHA: Support e Lymphatic System - our Secondary Circulatory ystem. Retrieved ovember 3, Citations Friedman, L. (2015, June 3). This stunning discovery about the brain will have scientists rewriting textbooks. Retrieved November 3, Marieb, E., & Hoehn, K. (2014). The Lymphatic System and Lymphoid Organs and Tissues. In Human Anatomy & Physiology (9th ed., pp ). Essex: Pearson.