Chapter 10 Test - AP Chemistry 2011/2012

Transcription

1 DO NOT WRITE ON QUIZ/EXAM - USE SCANTRON AND #2 PENCIL TEST # A Chapter 10 Test - AP Chemistry 2011/2012 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Which of the following is not a common property of aqueous solutions of most bases? a. They have a bitter taste. b. They have a slippery feeling. c. They change the colors of many indicators. d. They react with protonic acids to form salts and stronger bases. e. Their aqueous solutions conduct an electric current. 2. Which of these common substances is not acidic? a. vinegar b. Drano c. "digestive juice" d. human blood e. car battery solution 3. Which of these common substances is not basic? a. Drano b. soap c. Clorox d. lemon juice e. oven cleaner 4. Which statement is not consistent with the Arrhenius theory of acid-base reactions? a. An acid is a substance that contains hydrogen and produces H + in aqueous solution. b. A base is a substance that contains the OH group and produces OH - in aqueous solution. c. Ammonia is classified as a base. d. Neutralization is the combination of H + ions with OH - ions to form H 2 O. e. The Arrhenius theory satisfactorily explained the reactions of protonic acids with metal hydroxides. 5. According to the Arrhenius theory, which of the following is a base? a. CsOH b. HOOH c. CH 3 OH d. HCOOH e. CH 3 COOH 6. What is the basis for referring to "H + " as a proton? a. The Arrhenius definition of an acid b. The Brønsted-Lowry definition of an acid c. The Lewis definition of an acid d. H + exists as a bare proton e. None of the above 2

2 7. A Brønsted-Lowry acid is defined as a. a. species that donates a proton b. species that accepts a proton c. species that accepts a share in an electron pair d. species that makes available a share in an electron pair e. species that produces H + ions in aqueous solution 8. The following acids are listed in order of decreasing acid strength in water. HI > HNO 2 > CH 3 COOH > HClO > HCN According to Brønsted-Lowry theory, which of the following anions is the weakest base? a. I - b. NO - 2 c. CH 3 COO - d. ClO - e. CN - 9. If a compound is able to react as either an acid or a base, it is said to be which of these? a. autoionized b. amphoteric c. hydrated d. balanced e. neutralized 10. Which one of the following hydroxides is amphoteric? a. Ca(OH) 2 b. Ba(OH) 2 c. Fe(OH) 3 d. NaOH e. Zn(OH) Which one of the following is a weak acid? a. H 2 SO 4 b. HF c. HCl d. HBr e. HI 12. Which response includes all the following compounds that are weak acids, and no strong acids? H 2 SO 4, HNO 2, H 2 SO 3, HF, HI a. H 2 SO 4, HI b. H 2 SO 4, H 2 SO 3 c. HNO 2, HF d. HNO 2, H 2 SO 3, HF e. HNO 2, H 2 SO 3 2

3 13. Which statement about H 2 O is false? a. The hydronium ion is the strongest acid that can exist in aqueous solution. b. All acids stronger than H 3 O + (aq) react completely in water to produce H 3 O +. c. The hydroxide ion is the strongest base that can exist in aqueous solution. d. Bases stronger than H 2 O react completely in water to produce H 3 O +. e. H 2 O is a leveling solvent for all bases stronger than hydroxide. 14. Which one of the following is not a soluble, strong base? a. NaOH b. KOH c. RbOH d. CsOH e. NH 2 OH 15. Which one of the following compounds is not a salt? a. K 2 SO 4 b. HClO 4 c. CaCrO 4 d. CoCl 2 e. NaMnO Which one of the following salts is insoluble in water? a. MgCO 3 b. (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 c. KCH 3 COO d. Cu(NO 3 ) 2 e. Fe 2 (SO 4 ) For which one of the pairs of acid and bases does CH 3 COOH + OH - CH 3 COO - + H 2 O represent the correct net ionic equation? a. NaOH, HBr b. CH 3 COOH, Ca(OH) 2 c. HNO 3, Mg(OH) 2 d. CH 3 COOH, Cu(OH) 2 e. CH 3 COOH, Cr(OH) Which statement about sulfuric acid is false? a. It is a ternary acid. b. There is one O H bond and one S H bond in the molecule. c. It is a stronger acid than sulfurous acid. d. It is the only common polyprotic acid that is a strong acid. e. Sulfuric acid is the number-one produced chemical in the United States. 3

4 19. Neutralization reactions occur for a variety of acid/base combinations. Which statement below does not correctly describe neutralization reactions? a. Water is usually formed in a neutralization reaction. b. Neutralization reactions can occur between strong acids and strong bases. c. Neutralization reactions can occur between weak acids and strong bases. d. Neutralization reactions cannot occur between weak acids and weak bases. e. All of the above correctly describe neutralization reactions. 20. Which of the following is a normal salt? a. Na 3 PO 4 b. NaOH c. NaHCO 3 d. NaHSO 4 e. all of these are normal salts 21. According to the Lewis theory, a base. a. is a proton acceptor b. is a proton donor c. makes available a share in a pair of electrons d. is any compound that contains electron pairs e. accepts a share in a pair of electrons 22. In the reaction ZnCl 2 + CH 3 OCH 3 (CH 3 ) 2 O:ZnCl 2, the ZnCl 2 functions as a(an). a. Brønsted-Lowry acid b. Brønsted-Lowry base c. Arrhenius base d. Lewis acid e. Lewis base 23. Which of the following statements is false? a. Arrhenius acids are also Brønsted-Lowry acids. b. Brønsted-Lowry acids are also Lewis acids. c. Brønsted-Lowry bases are also Arrhenius bases. d. Arrhenius bases are also Brønsted-Lowry bases. e. Brønsted-Lowry bases are also Lewis bases. 24. The most important use for Lewis theory occurs: a. when water is the solvent. b. when explaining the reactions between soluble strong acids and strong bases to form salts. c. when relating Arrhenius acids to Brønsted-Lowry acids. d. with transition metal complexes. e. none of the above describes an important use for Lewis theory. 4

5 25. The products of the reaction of PCl 3 with water are and. a. PCl 5, HCl b. HPO 2, HCl c. H 3 PO 3, HCl d. PH 3, HClO e. H 3 PO 4, HCl 26. What ion were all Arrhenius bases believed to release when dissolved in water? a. hydrogen ion, H + b. hydroxide ion, OH - c. chloride ion, Cl - d. They have no ion in common. 27. In the reaction: H 3 O + + HCO - 3 H 2 CO 3 + H 2 O which substances are the acids, according to the Brønsted-Lowry theory? a. H 3 O + and H 2 CO 3 b. H 3 O + and H 2 O c. HCO - 3 and H 2 CO 3 d. HCO - 3 and H 2 O 28. Which one of the species listed below is a Lewis base in the reactions represented by the following chemical equations: SO 3 + O 2-2 SO 4 2-2CN - + Ag + 3 [Ag(CN) 2 ] - a. sulfur trioxide, SO 3 b. oxide ion, O 2- c. silver ion, Ag + d. dicyanoargentate ion, [Ag(CN) 2 ] The following describe properties of substances. Which one is not a property of acids? a. They have a sour taste. b. They react with metal oxides to form salts and water. c. They react with other acids to form salts and water. d. Their aqueous solutions conduct an electric current. e. They react with active metals to liberate H According to the Arrhenius theory, which of the following is an acid? a. NH 3 b. CH 4 c. HCl d. H 2 e. NaOH 5

6 31. According to the Brønsted-Lowry theory, a base is defined as. a. an electron pair acceptor b. a proton acceptor c. an electron pair donor d. a proton donor e. any species that can produce hydroxide ions in aqueous solution 32. Which one of the following species could not react as a Brønsted-Lowry base? a. NH + 4 b. NH - 2 c. CN - d. F - e. CH 3 COO Which one of the following statements is true? CH 3 NH 2 + H 2 O CH 3 NH OH methylamine water methylammonium ion hydroxide ion a. CH 3 NH 2 is the conjugate base of H 2 O. b. CH 3 NH + 3 is the conjugate base of CH 3 NH 2. c. H 2 O is the conjugate acid of OH. d. OH is the conjugate acid of H 2 O. e. There are no conjugate acid-base pairs. 34. Which response includes all the acids listed below that are strong acids, and no weak acids? H 2 SO 4, HI, HF, H 3 PO 4, HNO 3 a. HI, HF, HNO 3 b. H 2 SO 4, HNO 3 c. H 2 SO 4, HI, HNO 3 d. H 2 SO 4, H 3 PO 4, HNO 3 e. another one or another combination 35. Why is HI a stronger acid than HCl? a. Because I is more electronegative than Cl. b. Because Cl is more electronegative than I. c. The bond strength of HCl is greater than the bond strength of HI. d. The bond strength of HI is greater than the bond strength of HCl. e. HI is not a stronger acid than HCl. 36. Which one of the following is a soluble, strong base? a. Cu(OH) 2 b. Fe(OH) 3 c. Al(OH) 3 d. Sr(OH) 2 e. Mg(OH) 2 6

7 37. Consider the complete neutralization reactions between the following acid-base pairs in dilute aqueous solutions. Which one of the reactions produces insoluble salts? a. CH 3 COOH + NaOH b. HNO 3 + Mg(OH) 2 c. H 3 PO 4 + Ca(OH) 2 d. HCl + KOH e. H 2 SO 4 + Sr(OH) For the complete neutralization reactions between the following pairs of acid and bases, which pair is a soluble, strong base and a weak acid that react to form a soluble salt? a. Ca(OH) 2, HNO 3 b. KOH, H 3 PO 4 c. NH 3, HF d. Ba(OH) 2, H 2 CO 3 e. Fe(OH) 2, H 2 S 39. For which one of the pairs of acids and bases does the following represent the net ionic equation? H 3 O + + OH - 2H 2 O a. NaOH, HBr b. CH 3 COOH, Ca(OH) 2 c. HNO 3, Mg(OH) 2 d. CH 3 COOH, Cu(OH) 2 e. CH 3 COOH, Cr(OH) Neutralization, according to the Lewis theory, involves. a. proton transfer b. the formation of a gas c. the formation of an ionic solid d. the formation of a coordinate covalent bond e. the combination of a hydrogen ion with a hydroxide ion to form water 41. According to the Lewis theory, which one of the following compounds would be expected to react as a Lewis acid, but not as a Lewis base? a. BCl 3 b. NH 3 c. PH 3 d. H 2 O e. all of these 42. According to the Lewis theory, which one of the following species would be expected to react as a Lewis base, but not as a Lewis acid? a. BF 3 b. F - c. AlBr 3 d. SnCl 4 e. H + 7

8 43. In the reaction AlCl 3 + Cl - AlCl 4-, the Cl - functions as a(an). a. Brønsted-Lowry acid b. Brønsted-Lowry base c. Arrhenius base d. Lewis acid e. Lewis base 44. In the reaction SnCl 4 + 2Cl - SnCl 2-6, the SnCl 4 functions as a(an). a. Brønsted-Lowry acid b. Brønsted-Lowry base c. Arrhenius base d. Lewis acid e. Lewis base 45. Which one of the following reactions can be classified as a Lewis acid-base reaction but not as a Brønsted-Lowry acid-base reaction? a. Al(OH) 3 (s) + OH - (aq) Al(OH) 4- (aq) b. NH 3 (g) + H 2 O( ) NH 4+ (aq) + OH - (aq) c. CH 3 COO - (aq) + H 2 O( ) CH 3 COOH(aq) + OH - (aq) d. H + (g) + H - (g) H 2 (g) e. Ca(OH) 2 (s) + 2HCl(g) CaCl 2 (s) + 2H 2 O( ) 8