Bio EOC Topics for Cell Structure and Function, Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiraton:

Transcription

1 Bio EOC Topics for Cell Structure and Function, Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiraton: UCell TransportU Structure and function of cell membranes Know that cell membranes help maintain homeostasis by regulating what types of materials move into and out of cells Distinguish between impermeable, semipermeable, selectively permeable Define a solution, solvent and solute Know the difference between general diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, and active transport Know several factors that increase the rate of diffusion Compare isotonic, hypotonic and hypertonic solutions Diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion vs. active transport, and endocytosis and exocytosis Know what is meant by plasmolysis and turgor pressure UCell Structure and Function Components of The Cell Theory Scientists involved with the discovery of the cell and our understanding of it. Importance of surface area to volume ratio in relationship to the efficiency of cell transport. UStructureU and UfunctionU of all major parts of the cell: plasma membrane, cell wall, cytoplasm, nucleus, ribosomes, mitochondria, chloroplasts, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, vacuoles, cilia/flagella, cytoskeleton Distinguish between plant and animal cells in at least three different ways Distinguish between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells Materials that enter/leave plant vs. animal cell UCompound Light MicroscopeU - Identification of parts and their functions Determining total magnification Size of an organism given the size of the field of view UPhotosynthesis and Respiration Summarize the reaction of cellular respiration. Be able to recognize the overall chemical equation for this process. Be able to explain the purpose of this process in organisms Summarize the reaction of photosynthesis. Be able to recognize the overall chemical equation for this process. Be able to explain the purpose of this process in organisms Know the relationship between the processes of cell respiration and photosynthesis. Know how these two processes depend on each other. Know how photosynthesis and respiration are involved in a food chain 1

2 Bio EOC Questions for Cell Structure and Function, Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiraton: Note: These questions Umay or may not be the same form or contentu as the questions on the EOC test. They are provided as a study guide and to help remind you of concepts that you have learned this year. 1. Which statement is not a part of the cell theory? A. Cells are the basic unit of structure of living things. B. Cells are the basic unit of function of living things. C. Cell parts such as chloroplasts are self-replicating. D. Cells come from preexisting cells 2. Which cell organelle is most directly involved with the bonding of amino acids? A. mitochondrion B. endoplasmic reticulum C. lysosome D. ribosome 3. One difference between plant and animal cells is that animal cells do not have A. a nucleus B. a cell membrane C. chloroplasts D. centrioles 4. Most cells contain A. organic compounds, only C. both organic and inorganic compounds B. inorganic compounds, only D. neither organic nor inorganic compounds 5. In the diagram of the plasma membrane shown at right, which structures are indicated by letters A and B? (A) A proteins; B lipids (B) A fats; B carbohydrates (C) A lipids; B proteins (D) A carbohydrates; B proteins 6. Which structure includes all of the others? A. nucleolus B. nucleus C. chromosomes D. genes 7. Which sequence of terms is in the correct order from simplest to most complex? A. cells tissues organs organ systems B. tissues organisms cells organ systems C. cells tissues organ systems organs D. organs organisms organ systems cells 8. Which statement regarding the functioning of the cell membrane of all organisms is not correct? A. The cell membrane forms a boundary that separates the cellular contents from the outside environment. B. The cell membrane is capable of receiving and recognizing chemical signals. C. The cell membrane forms a barrier that keeps all substances that might harm the cell from entering the cell. D. The cell membrane controls the movement of materials into or out of the cell. 2

3 9) MATCHING: Match the function and structure with the proper organelle or cellular component. Choose your answers from the list below the chart, and fill in the letters in the chart. Function Structure Organelle 1 Chloroplast 2 Golgi apparatus 3 Lysosome 4 Mitochondrion 5 Nucleolus 6 Nucleus 7 Ribosome 8 Rough ER 9 Cytoskeleton 10 Central Vacuole FUNCTION: A. where rrna is produced B. manufactures proteins C. contains chromosomes, produces mrna D. the chemical energy of glucose is converted into useable energy E. light energy is converted into chemical energy in the form of glucose F. storage, cell elongation/ found in center of plant cells G. maintains cell shape H. digests or hydrolyzes molecules such as proteins, sugars, and lipids I. transports materials throughout the cell, and has ribosomes attached J. refines and packages products from the rough ER STRUCTURES: a. network of membranes with attached ribosomes b. organelle with a double-membrane, that contains thylakoids c. large and small subunits, attach to mrna d. small organelle that buds from the Golgi, and contains enzymes e. round structure within the nucleus that contains a dense cluster of chromatin f. made of microtubules and microfilaments g. surrounded by double membrane, with pores h.large compartment formed from small vesicles i. double-membrane organelle with cristae j. stack of flattened sacs made of membrane 3

4 The U-tube in the figure below is divided in the middle by a membrane that is impermeable to starch but permeable to water. A 10% starch solution is put into the right-hand half of the tube and an equal amount of 6% starch solution is put into the left-hand half of the tube. 10. In this situation: A. water will move from the right to the left B. water will move from the left to the right C. starch will move from the right to the left D. water will move in both directions, but more from left to right than right to left E. water will move in both directions, but more from right to left than left to right A dialysis bag is filled with a starch-albumin-glucose solution and placed for a time in a solution of water and iodine. Below is a table indicating the result of the experiment. Read the chart and answer Question 11. Before After Iodine present in the beaker present in the beaker Water present in the beaker present in the beaker Beaker Starch NOT present in beaker NOT present in beaker Glucose NOT present in beaker present in the beaker Albumin NOT present in beaker NOT present in beaker Iodine NOT present in cell present in the cell Water very little in the cell increased amount Cell Model Starch present in the cell present in the cell Glucose present in the cell present in the cell Albumin present in the cell present in the cell 11.The dialysis membrane is permeable to which of the following substances? A. glucose, starch and water C. iodine and glucose B. albumin and starch D. glucose, iodine and water 4

5 12.When Elodea cells (cells of a freshwater plant) are placed in a saltwater solution, the cells undergo, which means the of the cell. A. hydrolysis... bursting B. plasmolysis... shrinking C plasmolysis... bursting The diagram below represents movement of a large molecule across a membrane 13. Which process is best represented in this diagram? A. active transport C. passive transport B. diffusion D. osmosis E. Two of the above are correct The diagram below represents a cell in water. Formulas of molecules that can move freely across the cell membrane are shown. Some molecules are located inside the cell and others are in the water outside the cell. 14. Based on the distribution of these molecules, what would most likely happen after a period of time? A. The concentration of O 2 will increase inside the cell. B. The concentration of CO 2 will remain the same inside the cell. C. The concentration of O 2 will remain the same outside the cell. D. The concentration of CO 2 will decrease outside the cell. 15.Cellular respiration is best described as a process by which A. necessary nutrients are circulated C. metabolic wastes are absorbed B. hydrogen is used to synthesize glucose D. chemical energy is converted into a usable form 5

6 The diagram below represents part of the process of cellular respiration. 16. Energy is released and made available for metabolic activities at A. step 1, only B. step 2, only C. both step 1 and step 2 D. neither step 1 nor step The equation below represents a summary of a biological process: carbon dioxide + water glucose + oxygen This process is completed in A. mitochondria B. cell membranes C. ribosomes D. chloroplasts The flow of energy through an ecosystem involves many energy transfers. The diagram below summarizes the transfer of energy that eventually powers muscle activity. 18. The process of cellular respiration is represented by A. arrow A, only (3) B. arrow C, only C. arrow B, only D. arrows A, B, and C 6

7 As the depth of the ocean increases, the amount of light that penetrates to that depth decreases. At about 200 meters, little, if any, light is present. The graph below illustrates the population size of four different species at different water depths. 19.Which species most likely performs photosynthesis? A. A B. B C. C D. D 20.In nature, during a 24-hour period, green plants use A. carbon dioxide, only C. oxygen, only B. both carbon dioxide and oxygen D. neither carbon dioxide nor oxygen Base your answers to the next two questions on the summary equations of two processes below and on your knowledge of biology. 21) (a) Identify the source of the energy in the first process. (b) Identify where the energy ends up at the completion of that process. 22)(a) Identify the source of the energy in the second process. (b) Identify where the energy ends up at the completion of that process. 7

8 Answers: 1. C, 2.D, 3.C, 4.C, 5. A, 6. B, 7. A, 8.C, 9. Below, 10. D 11. D, 12. B, 13. A, 14. A, 15.D, 16. B, 17. D, 18. C, 19. B 20. B 21 A. Light B. Glucose 22. A. Glucose B. ATP Function Structure Organelle 1 E b Chloroplast 2 J j Golgi apparatus 3 H d Lysosome 4 D i Mitochondrion 5 A e Nucleolus 6 C g Nucleus 7 B c Ribosome 8 I a Rough ER 9 G f Cytoskeleton 10 F h Central Vacuole 8