Major muscles of the human body. Dr. Carmen E. Rexach Anatomy 35 Mt San Antonio College
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1 Major muscles of the human body Dr. Carmen E. Rexach Anatomy 35 Mt San Antonio College
2 Muscles of the head Frontalis Occipitalis Orbicularis oculi Orbicularis oris Zygomaticus minor and major Masseter Buccinator Risorius Temporalis
3 1 2 risorius 1= Zygomaticus minor 2= Zygomaticus major
4 Muscles of head Frontalis Skin of forehead Apneurosis (Galea aponeurotica) Elevate eyebrows and forehead
5 Muscles of head Orbicularis oculi Medial orbital margin Medial palpebral ligament Lacrimal bone Skin around margin of orbit Closes eyelids
6 Muscles of head Orbicularis oris Maxilla and mandible Fibers from deep surface of skin Mucous membrane of lips Closes and protrudes lips (whistling, sucking) pucker up!
7 Muscles of head Buccinator Maxilla and mandible Orbicularis oris, angle of mouth Draws in cheeks
8 Muscles of head Temporalis Temporal bone mandible Elevates mandible
9 Muscles of head Risorius Deep fascia of face Parotid gland Modiolus Skin at angle of mouth Retract angle of mouth smile! Modiolus = where group of facial muscles come together at corners of mouth
10 Muscles of neck Platysma Sternocleidomastoid Digastric Stylohyoid Mylohyoid Geniohyoid Sternohyoid Sternothyroid
11
12 Muscles of neck Platysma Superficial fascia of deltoid and pectoral regions mandible and skin of neck & orbicularis oris elevates mandible
13 Muscles of neck Sternocleidomastoid Sternal head = anterior surface of manubrium Clavicular head = medial third of clavicle Mastoid process Lateral half of superior nuchal line Lateral flexion and rotation of head Flex neck Tilt head to one side
14 Muscles of neck Digastric Anterior belly = digastric fossa of mandible Posterior belly = mastoid notch Intermediate tendon to hyoid Depresses mandible Raises hyoid bone (steadies bone during speech and swallowing)
15 Muscles of neck Stylohyoid styloid process of temporal bone body of hyoid elevates and retracts hyoid bone
16 Muscles of neck Mylohyoid Myloid line of mandible Raphe and body of hyoid bone Elevates hyoid & tongue during speaking and swallowing
17 Muscles of neck Geniohyoid Mandible hyoid Elevates hyoid Draws tongue anteriorly
18 Muscles of neck Sternohyoid Manubrium of sternum Clavicle, medial end Body of hyoid Depresses hyoid after swallowing
19 Muscles of neck Sternothyroid Posterior surface of manubrium Thyroid cartilage (oblique line) Depresses larynx (thyroid cartilage) after swallowing
20 Muscles of the trunk (anterior) External and internal intercostals External and internal abdominal obliques Transversus abdominis Rectus abdominus
21 Muscles of the trunk (anterior) External intercostals Inferior border, upper ribs Superior border, lower ribs Elevates ribs during inspiration Internal intercostals Superior border, lower ribs Inferior border, upper ribs Draws ribs together during expiration
22 Muscles of the trunk (anterior) External abdominal obliques ribs Ilium Linea alba Compresses abdomen Internal abdominal obliques Ilium Lower ribs Compresses abdomen
23 Muscles of the trunk (anterior) Transversus abdominis Ilium Lower ribs Xiphoid process Linea alba Compresses abdomen Rectus abdominis pubis Lower ribs Xiphoid process Flex vertebral column
24 Muscles of the trunk (posterior) Serratus anterior Levator scapulae Rhomboideus major Rhomboideus minor Trapezius
25 Muscles of the trunk (posterior) Serratus anterior Outer surface, ribs 1-8 Scapula, vertebral border Protraction, upward rotation Pulls scapula forward and down
26 Muscles of the trunk (posterior) Levator scapulae Cervical vertebrae Scapula Elevates scapula
27 Muscles of the trunk (posterior) Rhomboideus major & minor Thoracic vertebrae Scapula Adducts scapula
28 Muscles of the trunk (posterior) Trapezius = large triangular superficial muscle of upper back Occipital bone All cervical vertebrae All thoracic vertebrae Clavicle Scapula Adducts and elevates scapula
29 Muscles of shoulder Pectoralis major Pectoralis minor Deltoid Latissimus dorsi Teres major Teres minor
30 Muscles of shoulder Pectoralis major Manubrium Ribs 1-6 Clavicle Intertubercular groove of humerus Primary flexor and adductor Medial rotation
31 Muscles of shoulder Pectoralis minor Ribs 2-5, sternal end Coracoid process Pulls scapula anteriorly
32 Muscles of shoulder Deltoid Clavicle Scapular spine Acromion process Humerus, deltoid tuberosity Abducts arm Flexion Extension
33 Muscles of shoulder Latissimus dorsi Lower thoracic vertebrae ilium Intertubercular groove of humerus Extends, adducts, & rotates arm
34 Muscles of shoulder Teres major (5) Scapula, lateral border Humerus, intertubercular groove Extends, adducts, rotates arm Teres minor (6) Scapula, lateral border Humerus, great tubercle Rotates arm
35 Muscles of the rotator cuff Musculotendinous cuff Supraspinatus Superior border Infraspinatus Upper posterior border Subscapularis Anterior border Teres minor Lower posterior border
36 Muscles of the rotator cuff Subscapularis Subscapular fossa Lesser tubercle, humerus Primary internal and medial rotator
37 Muscles of the rotator cuff Supraspinatus Scapular fossa Greater tubercle, humerus Assistant abductor Infraspinatus Scapular fossa Greater tubercle, humerus External and lateral rotator
38 Muscles of upper arm Coracobrachialis Biceps brachii Brachialis Brachioradialis Triceps brachii Pronator teres
39 Muscles of the Anterior Arm: Flexors Coracobrachialis Coracoid process of the scapula and short head of biceps Humerus, medial side Flexion of shoulder Braces shoulder in abduction
40 Muscles of Anterior Arm: Flexors Biceps brachii Long head: supraglenoid tubercle on scapula just above glenoid fossa Short head: coracoid process Radial tuberosity Weak flexor of shoulder Powerful supinator of forearm Flexor of elbow joint
41 Muscles of Anterior Arm: Flexors Brachialis Anterior surface of humerus Coronoid process of ulna Strong flexor of elbow
42 Muscles of Anterior Arm Brachioradialis Humerus Radius Flexes forearm at elbow
43 Muscles of Posterior Arm: Extensors Triceps brachii Long head: infraglenoid tubercle below glenoid fossa of scapula Lateral heads: humerus Medial head: posterior humerus Upper olecranon Extension of elbow joint
44 Muscles of Anterior Arm: Flexors Pronator teres Medial epicondyle of humerus Coronoid process of ulna Lateral surface of radius Pronates forearm Flexes elbow
45 Muscles of Forearm Flexor carpi radialis Flexor carpi ulnaris Palmaris longus Extensor carpi radialis longus Extensor carpi ulnaris Extensor digitorum
46 Muscles of Forearm Flexor carpi radialis Medial epicondyle of humerus Base of second metacarpal Flexes hand at wrist Abducts hand
47 Muscles of Forearm Flexor carpi ulnaris Humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus Ulnar head: olecranon & posterior border of ulna Pisiform bone Hook of hamate Fifth metacarpal Flexes hand at wrist Adducts it
48 Muscles of Forearm Palmaris longus Medial epicondyle of humerus Flexor retinaculum Palmar aponeurosis Flexes hand at wrist Tightens palmar aponeurosis
49 Muscles of Forearm Extensor carpi radialis longus humerus Metacarpal 2 Extends and abducts hand at wrist
50 Muscles of Forearm Extensor carpi ulnaris Lateral epicondyle of humerus Posterior border of ulna Metacarpal 5 Extends and adducts hand at wrist
51 Extensor digitorum Lateral epicondyle of humerus Extensor expansions of medial 4 digits Extends digits Extends hand at wrist joint
52 Muscles of the hip Gluteus maximus Gluteus medius Gluteus minimus Tensor fasciae latae Adductor longus Adductor brevis Adductor magnus
53 Muscles of the hip Gluteus maximus Ilium Dorsal surface of sacrum & coccyx Iliotibial tract to lateral condyle of tibia Gluteal tuberosity of femur Extend thigh at hip Assist in lateral rotation
54 Muscles of the hip Gluteus medius Ilium Lateral surface of greater trochanter of femur Abducts & medially rotates thigh at hip
55 Muscles of the hip Gluteus minimus Ilium Anterior surface of greater trochanter of femur Abduct & medially rotate thigh at hip
56 Muscles of the hip Tensor fasciae latae Anterior superior iliac spine Anterior iliac crest Lateral condyle of the tibia via the iliotibial tract Abducts, medially rotates, and flexes thigh at hip Tensor fasciae latae
57 Muscles of the hip Adductor longus Body of pubis inferior to pubic crest Linea aspera of femur Adducts thigh at hip
58 Muscles of the hip Adductor brevis Body and inferior ramus of pubis Pectineal line Linea aspera of femur Adduct thigh at hip
59 Muscles of the hip Adductor magnus Inferior ramus of pubis Ischial tuberosity Gluteal tuberosity Femur Linea aspera Medial supracondylar line Adductor tubercle Adducts thigh at hip Flexes thigh at hip
60 Muscles of the thigh Rectus femoris Vastus medialis Vastus lateralis Vastus intermedius Biceps femoris Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Gracilis Sartorius Quadriceps femoris hamstrings
61 Muscles of the thigh Rectus femoris Anterior inferior iliac spine Ilium superior to acetabulum Patella and patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity Extends leg at knee Stabilizes hip
62 Muscles of the thigh Vastus medialis Intertrochanteric line Linea aspera of femur Base of patella Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament Extends leg at knee joint
63 Muscles of the thigh Vastus lateralis Greater trochanter Linea aspera of femur Base of patella Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament Extends leg at knee joint
64 Muscles of the thigh Vastus intermedius Femur Base of patella Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament Extends leg at knee joint
65 Muscles of the thigh Biceps femoris Long head: ischial tuberosity Short head: linea aspera & lateral supracondylar line of femur Head of fibula Flexes leg at knee Rotates leg laterally Extends thigh at hip
66 Muscles of the thigh Semimembranosus Ischial tuberosity Medial condyle of tibia Extends thigh at hip Flexes leg at knee Rotates leg medially
67 Muscles of the thigh Semitendinosus Ischial tuberosity tibia Extends thigh at hip Flexes leg at knee Rotates leg medially
68 Muscles of the thigh Gracilis Body and inferior ramus of pubis Medial surface of tibia Adducts thigh at hip Flexes leg at knee Aids in medial rotation
69 Muscles of the thigh Sartorius Anterior superior iliac spine Medial surface of tibia Flexes, abducts, laterally rotates thigh at hip joint Flexes knee joint
70 Muscles of the leg Gastrocnemius Soleus Peroneus longus Peroneus brevis Tibialis anterior Flexor digitorum longus Extensor digitorum longus
71 Muscles of the leg Gastrocnemius Lateral head: lateral condyle of femur Medial head: popliteal surface of femur Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon Plantar flexes foot at ankle Raises heel during walking Flexes leg at knee joint
72 Muscles of the leg Soleus Head of fibula Medial border of tibia Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon Plantar flexes foot at ankle Stabilizes leg on foot
73 Muscles of the leg Peroneus longus (fibularis longus) Head and lateral surface of fibula Metatarsal #1 Medial cuneiform Everts foot Weakly plantar-flexes foot at ankle Peroneus brevis (fibularis brevis) Lateral surface of fibula Metatarsal #5, lateral side Evert foot Weakly plantar-flexes foot at ankle
74 Muscles of the leg Tibialis anterior Lateral condyle Upper lateral surface of tibia Medial cuneiform Metatarsal #1 Dorsiflexes foot at ankle Inverts foot
75 Muscles of the leg Flexor digitorum longus tibia Distal phalanges of lateral four digits Flexes lateral four digits Plantar flexes foot at ankle Supports longitudinal arches of foot
76 Muscles of the leg Extensor digitorum longus Lateral condyle of tibia Interosseus membrane fibula Middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digits Extends lateral four digits Dorsiflexes foot at ankle
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