102 Sample Test 8 SAMPLE TEST FOR CHAPTER 20.
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1 102 Sample Test 8 SAMPLE TEST FOR CHAPTER Radioactivity is a. emission of visible light after exposure to light. b. spontaneous emission of penetrating radiation that is not stimulated by light. c. emission of visible light simultaneously with absorption of energy. d. emission of radiation by a biological system where the emission is unaccompanied by high temperature. e. emission of radiation resulting from a chemical change where the emission is unaccompanied by high temperature. 1. b. spontaneous emission of penetrating radiation that is not stimulated by light. 2. Two elements discovered by the Curies during their early study of radioactivity are a. radium and polonium b. curium and polonium c. radium and radon d. uranium and radon e. curium and uranium 2. a. radium and polonium 3. Alpha particles are best described as a. electrons ejected at high speeds from a radioactive nucleus. b. a form of electromagnetic radiation that is unaffected by magnetism. c. high-speed particles similar in size to an electron, but oppositely charged. d. neutral particles that weigh approximately one atomic mass unit. e. positive particles that are identical to the nucleus of an atom of He e. positive particles that are identical to the nucleus of an atom of He Beta particles are best described as a. electrons ejected at high speeds from a radioactive nucleus. b. a form of electromagnetic radiation that is unaffected by magnetism. c. high-speed particles similar in size to an electron, but oppositely charged. d. neutral particles that weigh approximately one atomic mass unit. e. positive particles that are identical to the nucleus of an atom of He a. electrons ejected at high speeds from a radioactive nucleus. 5. Gamma radiation is best described as a. electrons ejected at high speeds from a radioactive nucleus. b. a form of electromagnetic radiation that is unaffected by magnetism. c. high-speed particles similar in size to an electron, but oppositely charged. d. neutral particles that weigh approximately one atomic mass unit. e. positive particles that are identical to the nucleus of an atom of He b. a form of electromagnetic radiation that is unaffected by magnetism. 6. The type of radiation that is most penetrating is a. alpha particles b. beta particles c. gamma rays
2 d. neutrons e. positrons 6. c. gamma rays 7. The type of radiation that is least penetrating is a. alpha particles b. beta particles c. gamma rays d. neutrons e. positrons 7. a. alpha particles 8. In the reaction shown, the Cm is known as the nucleus, and the Pu as the nucleus a. target; daughter b. daughter; parent c. parent; daughter d. parent; target e. stable; radioactive 8. c. parent; daughter 4 Cm Pu + He In the reaction shown, the radiation produced is a(an). 22 Ti 23V + a. alpha particle b. beta particle c. gamma ray d. neutron e. positron 9. b. beta particle 10. In the reaction shown, the radiation produced is a(an). a. alpha particle b. beta particle c. gamma ray d. neutron e. positron 242 Cm a. alpha particle Pu In the reaction shown, the radiation produced is a(an) a. alpha particle b. beta particle Sc 46 Sc + 21
3 c. gamma ray d. neutron e. positron 11. c. gamma ray 12. The reaction represented by the description "An atom of lead-210 decays by emission of an alpha particle" is a Pb + -1e 81Tl b Pb 83Bi + -1e c Pb + 2He 84 Po d Pb 80 Hg + 2He e Pb Po + He 12. d Pb Hg + He The reaction represented by the description "An atom of copper-66 decays by beta emission" is a Cu 27 Co + 2He b c. d. e. 66 Cu + e Ni Cu Ni + + 1e 66 0 Ni Cu + e Cu Zn + e 13. e Cu Zn + e The reaction represented by the description "An atom of titanium-45 decays by positron emission" is a Ti + + 1e 23V b V Ti+ + 1e c Ti + 1e 21Sc d Ti Sc + + 1e e Ti V + 1e 14. d Ti Sc + + 1e
4 15. The reaction represented by the description "An atom of metastable strontium-87 undergoes gamma decay" is a. 87 m Y + 1e + γ b. 87 m 90 Sr + γ c. 87 m 87 Sr + γ d. 87 m Kr + 2He + γ e. 87 m Rb + + 1e + γ 87 m 15. c. Sr 87 Sr + γ 16. The reaction represented by the description "An atom of selenium-75 undergoes electron capture" is a Se + + 1e 35Br b Se + 1e 33As c Se + 0n Se d Se Br + 1e e As Se + -1e 75 Se + e As b Beta emission can best be described as a. emission of two protons and two neutrons from an unstable nucleus. b. transformation of a neutron into a protron and an electron that is ejected from the nucleus. c. transformation of a proton into a neutron by combination with an electron. d. annihilation of a beta particle by a positron. e. annihilation of a neutrino by an anti-neutrino. 17. b. transformation of a neutron into a protron and an electron that is ejected from the nucleus. 18. Alpha emission can best be described as a. emission of two protons and two neutrons from an unstable nucleus. b. transformation of a proton into a neutron and an electron that is ejected from the nucleus. c. transformation of a proton into a neutron by combination with an electron. d. annihilation of a beta particle by a positron. e. annihilation of a neutrino by an anti-neutrino.
5 18. a. emission of two protons and two neutrons from an unstable nucleus. 19. All of these are common modes of radioactive decay except. a. alpha emission b. beta emission c. electron capture d. positron emission e. phosphorescence 19. e. phosphorescence 20. The rule that the mass number of stable isotopes is always at least twice the atomic number is true for all nuclides except a. helium-3 b. beryllium-10 c. strontium-90 d. magnesium-28 e. vanadium a. helium Which element has only radioactive isotopes? a. B b. Ba c. Be d. Bi e. Bk 21. e. Bk 22. The force holding the protons and neutrons together in a nucleus is known as. a. gravity b. electrostatic attraction c. binding energy d. mass defect e. gamma radiation ANS: C DIF: easy REF: Section Consider the following isotopes, with the approximate half-lives shown. After one year, which sample would still contain the most radioactivity? iodine days strontium-90 years lead years sodium hours thallium min a. iodine b. lead c. sodium d. strontium e. thallium ANS: D DIF: easy REF: Section Consider the following isotopes, with the approximate half-lives shown. After one year, which sample would still contain the least radioactivity?
6 iodine days lead years thallium min strontium-90 years sodium hours a. iodine b. lead c. sodium d. strontium e. thallium ANS: E DIF: easy REF: Section The half-life of radon-222 is 2.8 days. How long would it take for the activity due to radon in a tightly closed building to decrease to 5.0% of its original value? a. 2.8 days b days c days d days e days ANS: C DIF: moderate REF: Section The half-life of radon-222 is 2.8 days. A homeowner used a radon test-kit to sample the air in his home, but forgot to send it for processing for 30 days. If the level of radon was actually 100 counts, what value would be reported by the test lab? a counts b counts c counts d counts e. 100 counts ANS: A DIF: moderate REF: Section The half-life of 90 Sr is 28.5 years. How long will it take for a 50 µci sample of this isotope to decay to 1.00 µci? a years b. 140 years c. 161 years d. 171 years e. 285 years ANS: C DIF: moderate REF: Section Sr is an isotope produced from atmospheric testing of nuclear bombs. If nuclear testing was stopped in 1960, what percentage of radioactivity due to 90 Sr remained in 2000? The half-life of 90 Sr is 28.5 years. a. virtually 0% b. 37.8% c. 50.0% d. 62.2% e. 95.0% ANS: B DIF: moderate REF: Section 20.4
7 . A radioactive sample had an initial radioactivity of cps. After 6.0 hours, its activity was 375 cps. What is the half-life of this sample? a. 7.0 hours b. 5.0 hours c. 2.5 hours d. 1.1 hours e hours ANS: C DIF: moderate REF: Section Determine the number of Bq in 55 µci. 1 Ci = dps and 1 Bq = 1 dps. a Bq b Bq c Bq d Bq e Bq ANS: D DIF: moderate REF: Section The particle used to bombard the nucleus in the reaction shown is a(an) a. alpha particle b. beta particle c. neutron d. positron e. proton 92 1 U + Ba + Kr + 3 n ANS: C DIF: moderate REF: Section An uncontrolled fission reaction occurs in a. a. nuclear reactor b. nuclear bomb c. x-ray machine d. particle accelerator e. cyclotron ANS: B DIF: easy REF: Section Which pair of elements can be produced from neutron bombardment of uranium-235 if 2 additional neutrons are also produced? a. tellurium-137 and zirconium-97 b. barium-141 and xenon-140 c. krypton-92 and strontium-93 d. cesium-144 and xenon-140 e. rubidium-90 and barium-141 ANS: A DIF: difficult REF: Section A process for disposing of nuclear waste by converting it to an inert glass-like substance is called. a. incineration b. vitrification 36 0
8 c. reprocessing d. regeneration e. extraction ANS: B DIF: easy REF: Section Which statement concerning fusion is not correct? a. Extremely high temperatures are needed. b. A plasma of unbound nuclei and electrons must be formed. c. Large nuclei are needed as reactants. d. Very large amounts of energy can be produced from fusion reactions. e. Products of fusion reactions are either non-radioactive or have very short half-lives. ANS: C DIF: easy REF: Section Which unit allows for the varying effects of different types of radiation on human tissue? a. rem b. gray c. curie d. Roentgen e. rad ANS: A DIF: easy REF: Section The roentgen is a radiation unit that describes the a. amount of energy deposited per gram of tissue. b. number of radioactive decays in one second. c. amount of energy absorbed per kilogram of tissue. d. energy equivalent in mammals of energy absorbed per gram of tissue. e. multiples of the base unit of radiation. ANS: A DIF: moderate REF: Section The rad is a radiation unit that describes the a. amount of energy deposited per gram of tissue. b. number of radioactive decays in one second. c. amount of energy absorbed per kilogram of tissue. d. energy equivalent in mammals of energy absorbed per gram of tissue. e. multiples of the base unit of radiation. ANS: C DIF: moderate REF: Section The rem is a radiation unit that describes the a. amount of energy deposited per gram of tissue. b. number of radioactive decays in one second. c. amount of energy absorbed per kilogram of tissue. d. energy equivalent in mammals of energy absorbed per gram of tissue. e. multiples of the base unit of radiation. ANS: D DIF: moderate REF: Section Natural sources of radiation include all of the following except a. cosmic radiation b. radon c. potassium d. uranium
9 e. iodine ANS: E DIF: easy REF: Section All of the following are uses of radioactivity except a. component of catalytic converters in automobiles. b. irradiation of food for preservation. c. tracers in medical procedures. d. production of electricity. e. dating of archaeological remains. ANS: A DIF: easy REF: Section 20.9
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