social studies hands-on Grade 4 REVISED EDITION Jennifer Lawson Karen Boyd Barb Thomson Linda McDowell Winnipeg Manitoba Canada Sample Pages

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1 hads-o social studies Grade 4 REVISED EDITION Jeifer Lawso Kare Boyd Barb Thomso Lida McDowell Wiipeg Maitoba Caada Portage & Mai Press

2 Cotets Itroductio to Hads-O Social Studies 1 Program Itroductio 1 What Is Social Studies? 1 The Goals of Social Studies 1 Hads-O Social Studies Expectatios 2 Program Priciples 4 Program Implemetatio 4 Classroom Eviromet 5 Plaig Uits (Time Lies) 5 Classroom Maagemet 6 Social Studies Skills: Guidelies for Teachers 6 Assessmet Pla 9 The Hads-O Social Studies Assessmet Pla 9 Achievemet Chart For Social Studies, History, ad Geography 11 Assessmet Sheets 13 Heritage ad Citizeship Uit 1: Medieval Times 25 Books for Childre 26 Web Sites 27 Itroductio 28 1 Lookig Back i Time 30 2 Creatig a Time Lie 33 3 Medieval Europe 38 4 The Feudal System 42 5 The Nobility Kigs, Great Lords, ad Ladies 48 6 The Nobility Kights 56 7 The Castle 67 8 Who Else Worked i a Castle? 75 9 The Maor System Agricultural Methods Maor Law Jobs i a Medieval Tow 105 Portage & Mai Press

3 Itroductio to Hads-O Social Studies Program Itroductio The Hads-O Social Studies program focuses o developig studets kowledge, skills, ad attitudes through active iquiry, problem solvig, ad decisio makig. Throughout all activities, studets are ecouraged to explore, ivestigate, ad ask questios i order to heighte their ow curiosity about ad uderstadig of the world aroud them. What Is Social Studies? Social studies is a iterdiscipliary study that draws from such traditioal disciplies as history, geography, political studies, ad ecoomics. It ivolves the examiatio of commuities, both locally ad globally. I essece, social studies helps studets lear about the world aroud them. Social studies also ivolves the developmet of cocepts as well as skills of iquiry ad commuicatio. Studets apply these skills to develop a uderstadig of their world ad to eable them to make decisios ad solve problems i everyday life. The Goals of Social Studies The Hads-O Social Studies program has bee desiged to focus o the goals of the Social Studies Curriculum as idetified by the Otario Miistry of Educatio ad Traiig (2004, revised). These goals are: 1. To uderstad the basic cocepts of social studies, history, ad geography. 2. To develop the skills, strategies, ad habits of mid required for effective iquiry ad commuicatio, ad for the applicatio of the basic cocepts of social studies, history, ad geography to a variety of learig tasks. 3. To relate ad apply the kowledge acquired through social studies ad the study of history ad geography to the world outside the classroom. s Portage & Mai Press 1

4 4 Caada s Lad Regios Backgroud Iformatio for Teachers Caada is divided ito regios based o the physical characteristics of the lad. Differet sources ofte ame the regios differetly, or break the regios ito sub-regios. For the purpose of itroducig studets to the regios, use the followig: Appalachias, Hudso Bay Lowlads, Arctic Lowlads, Great Lakes/St. Lawrece Lowlads, Iterior Plais, Cordillera, ad Caadia Shield. Note: Some physical maps of Caada may ame the regios differetly; for example, the Arctic Lowlads are sometimes referred to as the North regio. If the maps ad/or atlases i your classroom list terms differet from those used here, discuss this issue with studets. It provides them with a valuable lesso i geographical termiology. The studet iformatio sheets i this lesso give a overview of each regio, ad the map idetifies the locatio of each regio. The defiitios are fairly simplistic; studets will be able to focus o the differeces betwee the regios. You may wat to ecourage some studets to research the regios i more depth as a extesio activity. Materials various ladscape pictures of Caada (caledars or magazies are a great source for these. Be sure to iclude pictures from differet regios of the coutry.) blak vocabulary cards (cut from tag board) large sheets of costructio paper glue Post-it Notes physical map of Caada (wall map or atlases) iformatio sheets titled, Caada s Lad Regios (icluded. Make a copy for each studet.) (2.4.1) chart paper map titled, Caada s Lad Regios (icluded) (for teacher referece) (2.4.3) markers coloured pecils Activity: Part Oe: The Caadia Ladscape Note: Prior to the actual lesso, establish a bulleti board or area i the room where ladscape pictures ca be displayed. Display a variety of ladscape pictures for the studets to examie. Challege them to fid various ways to sort the pictures. Sortig rules may iclude: seasos water/lad mai colours vegetatio physical lad characteristics Divide the class ito pairs or triads. Have each group choose a ladscape picture, the provide the groups with several blak vocabulary cards. Have studets work i groups to braistorm words that are ispired by the picture; for example, cold, loely, trees, flat, forest, wild. Ecourage studets to iclude both descriptive words ad feelig words. Have the groups record each word o a vocabulary card. Now select oe of the ladscapes yourself. With the studets, braistorm words that describe the picture, ad record these words o vocabulary cards. Use the cards to model for the studets how they ca arrage words to make poetry. For example: Portage & Mai Press Uit 2 Caada s Provices, Territories, ad Regios 169

5 4 Have the groups choose some of their ow words to create a poem about their ladscape picture. Whe studets are happy with their poem, have them glue the words oto costructio paper. Call o each group to preset its poem ad picture. Display the pictures ad poems o the bulleti board. Activity: Part Two: Readig Nofictio Refer to the ladscape pictures displayed o the bulleti board. Discuss the fact that although the pictures are all Caadia ladscapes, each has very differet physical characteristics. Explai that the huge size of Caada meas that it icludes may differet types of ladforms. Each ladform has specific characteristics. Explai to studets that they will be readig a descriptio of each lad regio i Caada ad makig otes o the importat characteristics of each regio. Review ote-takig strategies. Remid studets to record oly key words ad phrases, ot to copy whole sectios. Divide the class ito pairs of studets. Provide each pair with Caada s Lad Regios iformatio sheet (2.4.1) ad activity sheet A (2.4.2). Have the groups follow the readig ad ote-takig istructios ad complete the activity sheet. Provide sufficiet workig time. Oce the groups have completed this research, have groups share ad discuss their fidigs. Record the iformatio o chart paper ad post i the classroom. Now refer back to the ladscape pictures o the bulleti boards. Provide each studet with two Post-it Notes. Have each studet choose two pictures ad, usig the iformatio from their iformatio sheet ad activity sheet, predict which lad regio the pictures are from. Istruct studets to write the lad regio o the Post-it Note ad place o the picture. (Not every picture eeds a Post-it Note; some pictures will be easier to idetify tha others. The umber of Post-it Notes will illustrate this.) Activity Sheet A Note: This is a two-page activity sheet. Directios to studets: Decide who will be parter A ad who will be parter B. Parter A will read those sectios o the iformatio sheets (2.4.1) marked Reader A. While Parter A is readig, Parter B is the listeer. Parter A reads the first sectio aloud, the turs over the paper. Parter B tells Parter A what he or she heard about the lad regio. Now Parter A ad B work together to record importat words or iformatio i the ote-takig sectio for that lad regio. Parter B reads the ext sectio. Parter A tells Parter B what he or she heard ad the they work together to make otes. Repeat this process util the activity sheet is completed (2.4.2). Activity: Part Three: Idetifyig Lad Regios o a Map Display the physical map of Caada. Refer to the parts of a map discussed i previous lessos (e.g., compass rose, title, boudaries, leged). Discuss the leged o the physical map of Caada. Ask: What do the colours mea? What parts of the coutry do the differet regios cover? (Use directioal words.) Which regio is the largest? Which regio is the smallest? Which regio is the most orther? Which regio are we i? Portage & Mai Press 170 Hads-O Social Studies Grade 4

6 4 Now focus o the climate i the differet regio. Ask: Which regio is i Caada s far orth? What is the climate like i this regio? Why is it colder up orth? How is the climate differet i each regio? Use the facts o the iformatio sheet (2.4.1) to discuss ad compare the climate i the various regios. Have studets uderlie or highlight the appropiate seteces i each paragraph. Provide studets with activity sheet B (2.4.4). Assig each studet oe of the seve regios. Have each studet idetify that regio o the map, the colour i the regio o the activity sheet. Idicate what the colour meas i the leged. Usig the otes from activity sheet A, have studets record, i seteces, what they kow about their regio. Whe studets have completed their sheets, arrage the class ito groups of seve, with oe studet from each lad regio i each group. Have the studets i each group share their maps ad research. Activity Sheet B Directios to studets: Record your lad regio at the top of the page. Usig iformatio from the wall map or atlas, idetify ad colour i your regio. Record the colour ad the regio i the leged. Usig your otes from activity sheet A, write some complete seteces about your lad regio. Iclude its locatio i Caada, the ladforms you would fid i it, waterways, climate, ad ay other iformatio you have (2.4.4). Extesio Have studets sketch a ladscape o blak paper with pecil. Provide other media such as glue ad chalk, pastels, watercolours, ad pecil crayos to create ladscape drawigs. Itroduce drawig cocepts such as perspective ad horizo lie. Note: Perspective is a poit of view drawig accurately from a particular vatage poit to give the appearace of three-dimesios. The horizo lie is the edge where the sky meets the groud. Activity Cetre Place ladscape pictures ad blak vocabulary cards i a box. Ecourage studets to use the pictures to create more poetry for the bulleti-board display. Assessmet Suggestio Observe studets as they work i pairs to take otes o Caada s lad regios. Focus specifically o their ability to liste for pertiet iformatio ad record ideas. Use the aecdotal record sheet o page 13 to record results. Portage & Mai Press Uit 2 Caada s Provices, Territories, ad Regios 171

7 Caada s Lad Regios Reader A: Appalachias The Appalachia regio is foud o the east coast of Caada. It icludes some parts of Nova Scotia, Price Edward Islad, New Bruswick, Newfoudlad, ad Quebec. The lad is characterized by low moutais ad plais. The climate is cool ad wet, with a hurricae tedecy i the summer ad early fall. The area was oce covered with lakes, which left behid good soil for farmig. Farms i this area produce potatoes, milk, apples, ad maple sugar. The forests are mixed aspe, maple, ash, spruce, pie, ad hemlock all grow i the regio. The forests are used for pulp ad paper productio ad lumber. Coal ad oil are foud i the regio. The Appalachias are home to some of Caada s best fishig. Reader B: Hudso Bay Lowlads The Hudso Bay Lowlads is a small strip of lad that ecircles the southwest coast of Hudso Bay ad the west coast of James Bay. This lad is flat ad marshy. Large boulders ad rocks puctuate the swamps. The area has log, cold witers ad short, warm summers. Reader A: Arctic Lowlads This regio is located orth of the Arctic Circle ad the tree lie. Short, cool summers ad log, cold witers help to maitai permafrost o the lad. The souther part of this area has small hills; the orther part has moutais, glaciers, plais, ad islads. Very little vegetatio grows i this area. Oil, gas, lead, zic, ad silver ca be foud i this regio. Portage & Mai Press This page may be reproduced for classroom use. Reader B: Iterior Plais Parts of Maitoba, Saskatchewa, Alberta, British Columbia, Yuko, ad the Northwest Territories are i the Iterior Plais. The regio has short, hot summers ad log, cold witers. The lad has large grassy prairies, kept almost treeless by violet prairie fires. Farmers ow use this lad to produce grai ad to raise livestock. It is the largest farmig area i the world. May fossil deposits, alog with oil, atural gas, coal, potash, quartz, clay, ad sulphur, have bee foud udergroud i the Iterior Plais. Portage & Mai Press

8 Reader A: Cordillera This moutai regio is foud o the west coast of Caada, west of the Iterior Plais. The Cordillera covers six moutai rages, icludig the Rocky Moutais. This regio also has high plateaus, meadows, fjords, valleys, ad glacial ice fields. The coastal area is flat. The highest parts of this regio have little precipitatio while the lower parts are sowy, cool, ad raiy. The oldest coiferous trees i Caada are foud i this regio. The two mai forests are the Wester coastal forest ad the boreal forest. The mai idustries are forestry, fishig, hydroelectricity, ad orchards ad vieyards. Reader B: The Great Lakes/St. Lawrece Lowlads This lowlads regio is i southeaster Otario ad Quebec borderig the Great Lakes ad Newfoudlad. This area was shaped by glaciers. The lad has plais ad hills icludig the Niagara Escarpmet, which is a steep rise of rock separatig two levels of flat lad. This regio has the logest growig seaso i Caada. The summers are hot ad humid with may thuderstorms. The witers are cool ad sowy. The forests are mixed ad iclude walut, oak, sugar maple, ad hemlock. The majority of Caada s maufacturig takes place i this regio. It also icludes the St. Lawrece Seaway. Reader A: The Caadia Shield The Caadia Shield is a area of aciet rock. This huge rock structure is the remais of moutais that were eroded by retreatig glaciers. These glaciers also left thousads of hollows that have become lakes. The rock is covered by a thi layer of soil; fir ad spruce trees grow here. The orther areas of the Caadia Shield have log, cold witers ad short, warm summers. The weather is cool ad wet. May of the tows i this regio were origially populated by people who were miig or workig i forestry or hydroelectricity plats. Portage & Mai Press Portage & Mai Press This page may be reproduced for classroom use.

9 Date: Sample Pages Name: Caada s Lad Regios: Note Takig Appalachias Hudso Bay Lowlads Portage & Mai Press This page may be reproduced for classroom use. Arctic Lowlads Portage & Mai Press

10 Date: Sample Pages Name: Iterior Plais Cordillera The Great Lakes/St. Lawrece Lowlads The Caadia Shield Portage & Mai Press Portage & Mai Press This page may be reproduced for classroom use.

11 Caada s Lad Regios Arctic Ocea Greelad USA YUKON Whitehorse BRITISH COLUMBIA NORTHWEST TERRITORIES Yellowkife NUNAVUT Hudso Bay Iqaluit NEWFOUNDLAND & LABRADOR Pacific Ocea Victoria ALBERTA Edmoto SASKATCHEWAN Regia Wiipeg Uited States of America MANITOBA ONTARIO Great Lakes QUEBEC Quebec City Ottawa Toroto PEI Fredericto Charlottetow Halifax NEW BRUNSWICK Atlatic Ocea St. Joh s NOVA SCOTIA Leged Portage & Mai Press This page may be reproduced for classroom use km Portage & Mai Press

12 Date: Sample Pages Name: Caada s Lad Regios Lad Regio: Arctic Ocea Greelad USA YUKON Pacific Ocea Victoria Whitehorse BRITISH COLUMBIA NORTHWEST TERRITORIES Yellowkife ALBERTA Edmoto SASKATCHEWAN Regia ` Uited States of America km NUNAVUT Wiipeg MANITOBA Hudso Bay ONTARIO Great Lakes Iqaluit QUEBEC Quebec City Ottawa Toroto NEWFOUNDLAND & LABRADOR PEI Fredericto NEW BRUNSWICK Charlottetow Atlatic Ocea Leged Halifax NOVA SCOTIA Portage & Mai Press St. Joh s Portage & Mai Press This page may be reproduced for classroom use.