LIFE CYCLES UNIT OVERVIEW THE BIG IDEA. Other topics SPARK. Materials. Activity

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1 LIFE CYCLES UNIT OVERVIEW All livig thigs go through chages as they grow ad develop. Although idividual orgaisms die, ew oes replace them, which esures the survival of the species. Durig its life cycle, a orgaism goes through physical chages that allow it to reach adulthood ad produce ew orgaisms. Sice these chages are commo withi a species, they ca be grouped ito stages of developmet. The uit addresses the life cycles of plats ad aimals, icludig humas. Certai readig resources are provided at three readig levels withi the uit to support differetiated istructio. Other resources are provided as a set, with differet titles offered at each readig level. Dots o studet resources idicate the readig level as follows: low readig level middle readig level high readig level THE BIG IDEA SPARK Like all livig thigs, humas go through a life cycle. Learig about life cycles helps studets uderstad the chages they will experiece ad the reasos they will go through those chages. Other topics The uit also addresses topics such as: aimal survival strategies, selective breedig, life cycles of marsupials, ad features of shark egg cases. The spark is desiged to get studets thikig about the uit s topics ad to geerate curiosity ad discussio. Materials oe hard-boiled egg oe avocado kife Activity Slice the egg vertically without slicig the yolk, leavig it stickig out. Slice the avocado i half vertically, leavig the pit stickig out. They have a similar-lookig structure. Have studets compare the two items ad thik about where each of them came from. Ask whether the egg would grow if it were plated i soil ad whether the avocado would hatch if a bird sat o it. Discuss why ot. Learig A Z All rights reserved. 1

2 UNIT GUIDE Discuss the differeces betwee the life cycle of birds ad that of plats. Make a T-chart o the board to list what studets kow about the stages each orgaism goes through durig its developmet. Explai that every livig thig goes through chages as it gets older. The egg came from a adult bird. If the egg hatched ito a baby bird, it might grow up ad become a adult bird someday. It might eve lay a egg of its ow. Oce that happes, we say that its life cycle has started agai. Sketch a simplified life cycle of a bird i a circular desig o the board. Draw ad label the egg, baby bird, ad adult bird. Ivite a voluteer to draw arrows to show the sequece. Help studets uderstad the coectio betwee the term cycle as it is used here ad as it s used i the word bicycle (thigs goig i circles). Ask what would happe if adult aimals did ot make ew baby aimals. The life cycle would ed, ad the species would stop existig. Repeat the cycle sketch ad discussio for the avocado. May of the uit s vocabulary terms are related to the spark activity ad ca be itroduced durig the spark. For vocabulary work, see the Vocabulary sectio i this Uit Guide. PRIOR KNOWLEDGE Ivite studets to braistorm a list of livig thigs. Oce you have gathered a umber of resposes, ecourage studets to thik about which of the livig thigs go through similar stages as they grow ad group them by this similarity. Probig Questios to Thik About Use the followig questios to have studets begi thikig of what they kow about life cycles. Have you ever see ay of the livig thigs i the list chage from oe stage of their life cycle to the ext? Tell us about it. How log does it take for each livig thig to go through its whole life cycle? (Compare orgaisms with loger ad shorter life cycles.) Ca aimals make chages to their life cycle or make them go i reverse? Why ot? Which livig thigs have a life cycle most like a huma beig s life cycle? (optioal) What would happe if livig thigs did ot die? Tell studets they will lear more about these topics soo. Learig A Z All rights reserved. 2

3 (ou) WORD CARD (ou) WORD CARD (ou) WORD CARD Cut or Fold DEFINITION CARD DEFINITION CARD DEFINITION CARD Learig A Z, Ic. All rights reserved. UNIT GUIDE UNIT MATERIALS Each uit provides a wide variety of resources related to the uit topic. Studets may read books ad other passages, work i groups to complete hads-o experimets ad ivestigatios, discuss sciece ideas as a class, watch videos, complete writig tasks, ad take assessmets. Resources are available for pritig or projectig, ad may studet resources are also available for studets to access digitally o. Selected uit resources are available i more tha oe laguage. For a complete list of materials provided with the uit, see the uit page o the Sciece A Z website. VOCABULARY $ $ adolescet adult childhood a perso i the stage of the huma life cycle betwee childhood ad adulthood the stage i which a orgaism is fully developed the stage i the huma life cycle after ifacy Use the terms below for vocabulary developmet throughout the uit. They ca be foud i boldface i the Nofictio Book, the Quick Reads, ad/or other uit resources. These terms ad defiitios are available o Vocabulary Cards for studet practice. Additioal vocabulary lists are provided i the teachig tips for Ivestigatio Packs ad FOCUS Books. Core Sciece Terms These terms are crucial to uderstadig the uit. adolescet adult childhood egg embryo germiate ifat larva life cycle mammals a perso i the stage of the huma life cycle betwee childhood ad adulthood the stage i which a orgaism is fully developed the stage i the huma life cycle after ifacy the begiig stage i the life cycle of may orgaisms the early stage i which a plat or aimal begis to grow to begi to grow from a seed a baby huma the caterpillar or worm-like stage i the life cycle of some isects the stages of chage that a orgaism goes through durig its life aimals that give birth to live babies ad make milk for them metamorphosis a aimal s chage from oe shape to a totally differet shape ymph orgaism a youg isect i the stage of its life cycle whe it looks like a small adult a livig thig Learig A Z All rights reserved. 3

4 J. the caterpillar or worm-like stage i the life cycle of some isects UNIT GUIDE pupa seedlig a isect i the stage of its life cycle whe it chages from a larva to a adult a youg plat growig from a seed Other Key Sciece Terms The followig vocabulary is ot essetial for comprehedig the uit but may erich studets vocabulary. cocoo chrysalis develop froglet hiberate migrate moarch quadruplets quituplets tadpole triplets twis silky case i which some isects live durig the pupa stage a butterfly i the pupa stage, which has a hard outer coverig to grow or reach the ext stage i a life cycle a small frog that is chagig from a tadpole to a adult to go ito a deep sleep, ofte for witer to move from oe area to aother at a certai time each year a large, colorful butterfly foud i North America four babies bor i oe birth five babies bor i oe birth the stage i which a youg frog looks like a fish ad lives oly i water three babies bor i oe birth two babies bor i oe birth Name Date Across 4. a youg plat growig from a seed 6. a isect i the stage of its life cycle i which it chages from a larva to a adult 7. a perso i the stage of the huma life cycle betwee childhood ad adulthood 8. a aimal s chage from oe shape to a totally differet shape LIFE CYCLES Word Search Name Date Directios: Below are defiitios of vocabulary terms. Figure out each term ad the fid ad circle it i the puzzle. Words may appear horizotally, vertically, or diagoally. L E T O L N D M P W Q H E F L K H I B E R N A T E G F L 1. to begi to grow from a seed Dow 2. the begiig stage i the life cycle of may orgaisms 3. the caterpillar or worm-like stage i the life cycle of some isects 5. the stage i which a orgaism is fully developed Learig A Z All rights reserved. K X C N M P M T D S T I T F B W P F U T A B H R A Z W J E Z I A Q B M P R B D L S Y V J T N I E M H O Y P C I O B M B T I Y A I J L O M A B O V H T N O L X K H L C C I L H R V E Z S I O P E H W L P M M I G R A T E N S L E G R Y E P S C A S E T Y K E K N J S R G B M K L I S A S I H W C H I L D H O O D G P R X I Z L L Y H P O R O L H C 1. the stage i the huma life cycle 5. a baby huma after ifacy 6. to move from oe area to aother 2. the early stage i which a plat at a certai time each year or aimal begis to grow 7. a youg isect i the stage of its life 3. to go ito a deep sleep, ofte for witer cycle i which it looks like a small 4. aimals that give birth to live babies adult ad make milk for them 8. the stage i which a youg frog looks like a fish ad lives oly i water Learig A Z All rights reserved. LIFE CYCLES Crossword Name Date Directios: Match each term o the left with its defiitio o the right. Write the letter of the correct defiitio o the space i frot of the term. 1. adult 2. childhood 3. embryo 4. germiate 5. larva 6. life cycle 7. mammals 8. ymph 9. pupa 10. tadpole LIFE CYCLES Matchig A. the stages of chage that a orgaism goes through durig its life B. to begi to grow from a seed C. the stage i which a youg frog looks like a fish ad lives oly i water D. the early stage i which a plat or aimal begis to grow E. the stage i which a orgaism is fully developed F. a youg isect i the stage of its life cycle i which it looks like a small adult G. a isect i the stage of its life cycle i which it chages from a larva to a adult H. aimals that give birth to live babies ad make milk for them I. the stage i the huma life cycle after ifacy Vocabulary Activities You may choose to itroduce all the terms that will be ecoutered i the uit before assigig ay of the readig compoets. Vocabulary Cards with the key sciece terms ad defiitios are provided. Dots o the cards idicate the readig levels of the Nofictio Book or the Quick Reads i which each term ca be foud. If all level dots appear, the term may come from aother resource i the uit. Studets ca use these cards to review ad practice the terms i small groups or pairs. The cards ca also be used for ceter activity games such as Cocetratio. The Word Work activity sheets offer fu puzzles ad practice with key vocabulary terms from the uit. For further vocabulary practice ad reiforcemet, you ca choose from the vocabulary Graphic Orgaizers. To build customized vocabulary lessos with terms related to the topic, see. Learig A Z All rights reserved. Learig A Z All rights reserved. 4

5 A Sciece A Z Life Series Word Cout: 924 Visit Writte by Ned Jese UNIT GUIDE Studets ca use the Word Smart vocabulary Graphic Orgaizer to orgaize iformatio o the sciece terms. You may wat to assig each studet oe to three words to share his or her Word Smart kowledge with classmates. Studets who have the same word should first compare their Word Smart sheets with each other ad the report to the larger group. The sciece terms ca be used i oral practice. Have studets use each term i a spoke setece. As studets read, ecourage them to create a sciece dictioary by recordig ew vocabulary terms ad defiitios i their SAZ Joural. BACKGROUND ad MISCONCEPTIONS Use this sectio as a resource for more backgroud kowledge o uit cotet ad to clarify the cotet for studets if miscoceptios arise. Refer to Usig the Iteret below for more ways to exted the learig. Life Cycles Q: Do all aimals follow the same life cycle? A: No, but certai types of aimals have similar life cycles. For example, mammals ad reptiles have very differet life cycles from each other, but a horse ad a cat have similar life cycles because they are both mammals. Q: Do all isects follow the same life cycle? A: No. Some isects go through three stages of developmet (egg ymph adult), ad others go through four stages (egg larva pupa adult). Q: Are humas aimals? A: Yes, humas are a type of aimal, as are fish, birds, isects, spiders, arthropods, mollusks, ad may other creatures. Humas are mammals, so our life cycle is similar to that of other mammals. Q: Ca humas or other aimals decide whe to chage from oe stage to the ext? A: No, these chages happe aturally. Q: Do butterflies live i cocoos as they go through their metamorphosis from pupa to adult? A: No. Butterfly pupae develop i a chrysalis. Moth, beetle, ad some other isect pupae develop iside a cocoo. Q: Do life cycles ed after the adult stage? A: A life cycle describes all the stages a orgaism goes through from begiig to ed ad how that cycle cotiues as ew orgaisms are created ad grow. While the life cycle of a idividual orgaism eds whe it dies, the life cycle of its species cotiues as ew orgaisms are created ad grow. Learig A Z All rights reserved. 5

6 UNIT GUIDE Q: Do all aimals deped o plats for food? A: No. Some aimals eat plats, but some aimals eat other aimals that eat plats. Q: Sice plats are orgaisms, does that mea they give birth? A: While plats do go through a life cycle just as aimals do, they do ot lay eggs or give birth. They grow from seeds that sprout ad develop ito seedligs ad the adult plats. Jupiterimages Corporatio EXTENSION ACTIVITIES Usig the Iteret Most search egies will offer a wealth of optios whe life cycle or the ame of a plat or aimal species is etered. Try them i combiatio, such as fish life cycle. Be aware that some sites may ot be educatioal or iteded for the elemetary classroom. More specific iquiries are recommeded, such as: biology life sciece baby pegui adult ateater Below are some liks with excellet resources for studets ad/or teachers. The Smithsoia Istitutio has a website geared toward educators, although it also has resources for studets ad for parets. Oce o the site, click o Educators ad the search for lesso plas, field trip ideas, websites, ad more by grade level ad subject matter. Natioal Geographic offers backgroud iformatio, ofte icludig descriptios of life cycles, o may aimal species. The Uited States Departmet of Agriculture (USDA) has a Kids Sciece Page that offers sciece books, Iteret liks, ad educator resources o several subjects, icludig plats ad aimals associated with agriculture. Moarch Butterfly USA has excellet pictures ad explaatios of the moarch s life cycle. The Great Plat Escape, from the Uiversity of Illiois Extesio, guides studets through mock mysteries to ulock the secrets of plat life. Learig A Z All rights reserved. 6

7 UNIT GUIDE Projects ad Activities Writig: Have studets write a diary of a aimal as it moves through the stages of its life cycle. Writig: Have studets write a humorous short story i which a aimal s life cycle goes i reverse or switches from the life cycle of oe species to aother. Arts: Ivite studets to help create a bulleti board with images of well-kow fictioal characters from childre s stories, movies, ad televisio shows. Group them by the stage i their life cycle. Project: Plat a class garde usig seeds kow to grow well i your area ad at the curret time of year. Hold a class vote to select plats. Have studets keep a growth log with pictures, measuremets, ad observatios as the plats grow. Ideally, you will be able to replat seeds from the plat to restart the life cycle. Research/Arts: Studets ca create mobiles, dioramas, or posters displayig iformatio about the life cycle of their favorite or assiged plats or aimals. Field Trip: Take a field trip to a fish hatchery, chicke farm, zoo, or other locatio where studets ca see aimals i differet stages of developmet. Research/Home Coectio: Studets ca coduct research as a family/home project or i the library/ media ceter to exted the learig about a topic i oe of the Quick Reads or other uit resources. Learig A Z All rights reserved. 7