Framework Conditions - Biomass for Energy -

Transcription

1 Framework Conditions - Biomass for Energy - INVENT Workshop and Training Courses on Integrated Waste Management Modules for Different Courses of Graduate Studies October 2008

2 Content 1) Current Status of Energy Situation in Thailand 2) enewable Energy Target and Strategy 3) Energy Consumption 4) Barriers 5) Stakeholders in E Development 6) Energy Policies and Strategies 7) Potential of E from Biomass 8) Potential of E in Transportation Sector

3 JAN03 FEB MA AP MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN04 FEB MA AP MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN05 FEB MA AP INVENT Integrated Waste Management modules for different courses of graduate studies Energy Situation in Thailand World Market - Oil price fluctuation for the past 12 months - Price estimation around $ 45-50/bbl during Long term demand from China and India will push the price higher in the long run Thailand - Import about 90% of crude oil or 870,000 bbl/d about $ 10,000 mil/y - First quarter of 2004 crude oil import reduced by 3.5% compared with 2003, refined oil import reduced by 41.8% (y-o-y) - But import value increased $ 600 mil during Jan-Mar 2005 which affected balance of trade and GDP UNIT : $/bbl DUBAI AND PODUCT PICES HSD PICE MOGAS PICE US VS AQ WA (5%) DUBAI AVEAGE $/bbl 40 DUBAI AVEAGE $/bbl 28% 30 28% DUBAI PICE DUBAI AVEAGE $/BBL 20 [DATE : 1 JAN MAY 2005]

4 Oil Import (million baht) 600, , , , , , , , , , Usage in Transportation Sector (mil.l/d)

5 Oil Intensity Source: auch, E3Agro Project

6 Strategy to Solve Energy Problem Increase renewable fuel and utilization efficiency Secure alternative oil sources Increase value added for energy resources

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8 Heating source 60% Target of Alternative Energy in Thailand In % of total energy usage Or 6.54 billion TOE Electricity 16% MW Solar Wind MSW Biomass Mini hydro 1,060 KTOE 50 Solar home system Biomass: waste, animal feces, industrial waste water Liquid Biofuel 24% Industry/Agriculture 3,910 KTOE 1,570 KTOE Transportation/Agriculture Gasohol 970 KTOE Biodiesel 600 KTOE

9 Share of Biomass in Energy Sector

10 Current Status of Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT) Electricity Consumption for Thailand ,043, 7% 1,949, 2% 228, 0% 23,315, 22% 48,252, 45% esidential Industry Others 25,350, 24% Business Agriculture Others EGAT direct Customer

11 Energy Consumption in Thai Industries

12 Barriers Lack of successful references Lack of technical know-how High project development costs, lengthy permitting process Uncertainties related to long term biomass supply Wrong perception of environmental impact on communities Lack of favorable government policies Financial issues

13 Energy Policy and Strategy Development of enewable Energy Promotion of Energy Efficiency

14 Stakeholders in E Development Government Agencies & Public Utilities The Energy Policy and Planning Office The National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA) Department of Energy Development and Promotion (DEDP) Electricity Authority of Thailand (EGAT) Provincial Electricity Authority (PEA) Interest Groups (NGOs) Sustainable Energy Network (SEN) Appropriate Technology Association (ATA) Private Stakeholders The Federation of Thai Industries (FTI) The Energy Conservation Center of Thailand (ECCT) COGEN The Cogeneration Public Company Limited (COCO) The Electricity Generating Public Company Limited (EGCO)

15 Energy and E Development Policies The Energy Conservation and Promotion Act (ENCON) Energy Conservation Promotion Fund (ENCON Fund) established under the ENCON Act. Article 24 Money transferred from the Petroleum Fund Levies imposed on petroleum product producers and importers at a rate determined by the National Energy Policy Council (NEPC) Additional sources, e.g., surcharges on power consumption, government subsidies, etc. Energy Conservation Program Privatization of the Energy Sector Price Policy Tax eduction Supports for enewable Energy

16 Governmental Support Through SPP program, EGAT is committed to buy power from renewable energy SPPs and VSPPs Energy Conservation (ENCON) program of the Energy Policy and Planning Office (EPPO) offered tariff subsidies of up to 0.36 baht per kwh to E

17 Small Power Producers Scheme The Small Power Producer (SPP) regulations launched in 1992 and cover small-scale non-conventional power plants, including biomass Assistance from the EC-ASEAN COGEN programme to transfer EU technologies EPPO and EGAT are also proposing an additional subsidy of up to 0.6 Bt per kwh as an incentive for the new biomass-fired projects to offset the relatively high specific investment cost of such plants

18 ENCON Biogas 12 biogas demonstration plants for tapioca starch producing factories 166 million baht (30% of capital cost) Wastewaters 25 million m 3 4 agencies Department of Energy Development and Promotion (DEDP) (4 factories UASB) Department of Factory (3 factories UASB) BAU, Chiang Mai University (2 factories H-UASB) KMUTT (3 factories Anaerobic Fixed Film eactor) Biogas generated 36 million m 3 Electricity 44 MkWh/year Fuel oil 22 million liters (174 million baht)

19 ENCON Co-Generation equest for proposal (43 proposals; 775 MW) Preliminary evaluation on technical feasibility, financial, etc. (31 projects approved, MW) Public consultation hearing 10 km radius Community participation EIA Monitor and evaluation Three party committee Government agent, community representative, and plant owner Environmental and Social Impact Assessment 20 projects approved; MW; 1400 million baht support

20 Heating source 60% Target of Alternative Energy in Thailand In % of total energy usage Or 6.54 billion TOE Electricity 16% MW Solar Wind MSW Biomass Mini hydro 1,060 KTOE 50 Solar home system Biomass: waste, animal feces, industrial waste water Liquid Biofuel 24% Industry/Agriculture 3,910 KTOE 1,570 KTOE Transportation/Agriculture Gasohol 970 KTOE Biodiesel 600 KTOE

21 Biomass in Thailand Agricultural esidues Farm Wastes Industrial Wastewaters Municipal Solid Wastes

22 Biomass in Thailand Comparison of Estimated Energy (TJ) from Different Types of Biomass in Thailand Municipal Wastes, 757,704, 49% Agricultural esidues, , 49% Industrial Wastewaters, 10,448, 1% Farm Wastes, 11,750, 1%

23 Technology Anaerobic Digestion Treatmented Waste Water Agricultural esidues Industrial Wastewaters Biogas is burned to generate electricity Fertilizer Biogas is burned to produce hot water and steam Waste water & Solid Waste Biogas Farm Wastes Municipal Solid Wastes Anaerobic Digestion Biogas is commonly used as fuel Biogas is compressed for use as an alternative motor fuel

24 Current Status of Technology for Biomass Conversion Conversion Technology Fuel Densi fic. Direct combust Carbonis. Thermal Gasi fic. Pyrolisis Cogen. Anaer. Digest. Biochemical Ligno cellulosis ice Husk /P/ C /D/C /D /D/ C ubber wood waste C /P C ubber leafy biomass Sugar Cane bagasse C C Sugar cane residues Cassava Stalks Cassava Food waste /D/C Palm oil waste C C Coconut waste /D/ C Animal slurries /D Corn cobs /P Other food waste /D/C MSW Legend : : esearch & Development D: Demonstration C: Commercialisation P: Pilot Plant

25 Transportation Sector educe 25% of fuel oil usage= $ 2,400 mil Use of alternative energy : reduce fuel oil consumption by 15% in the year 2008

26 Increased Alternative Fuel and Utilization Efficiency Target Use of substitutional energy for 15% of fuel oil in the year 2008 And 20% in 2009 = $ 5,000 mil in 2009 with electric power mass transit

27 INVENT Integrated Waste Management modules for different courses of graduate studies National Bio-Fuel Committee Agricultural Sector SCP Assoc. Cassava Assoc. Palm Oil Assoc. Policy makers Deputy PM : Chairman MOE minister :VC MOI minister : VC MOF, MOAC Ministers Industrial Sector Sugar Tapioca Palm Factory Oil refinery Biofuel Plant Oil company Automobile Manufacturers Government Sector -Government Org. -Secretariat control oversee coordinate Function-Policy and development plan - Measures rule and regulation condition for production usage import/export price transportation blend and distribution

28 Ethanol Facilities in Thailand Company (Litr/d) M Province Start 1. Pornvilai 25,000 molasses Ayudhya Oct Thai Alcohol 200,000 molasses Nakornpatom Aug Thai Agro 150,000 molasses Supanburi Jan Thai Nguan 130,000 cassava Khonkaen Apr 2005* 5. Khonkaen Alcohol 85,000 molasses/ cassava Khonkaen Aug 2005* 6. International Gasohol 170, ,000 cassava ayong Apr 2005* Apr 2006* Total * eview by MOE 760,000 Aug2005* 1,090,000 Apr 2006* Another 17 plants permitted with total capacity of 3 mil.l/d

29 Ethanol Production Process Sugar cane, sugar, molasses Sugar type M fermentation ethanol dehydration Ethanol fuel Corn, cassava, rice starch type M sugar ethanol Ethanol fuel ice straw, grass Fiber M starch sugar ethanol Ethanol fuel

30 Summary 1) Current Status of Energy Situation in Thailand 2) enewable Energy Target and Strategy 3) Energy Consumption 4) Barriers 5) Stakeholders in E Development 6) Energy Policies and Strategies 7) Potential of E from Biomass 8) Potential of E in Transportation Sector

31 Thank you for your attention!