Equations: Average Speed (v) = distance time Velocity = displacement time Acceleration = V f - V i time
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1 Motion (Speed, Velocity, Acceleration) Test Review Name _Riehbrandt Key for student use_ Physical Science Riehbrandt Hr. Equations: Average Speed (v) = distance time Velocity = displacement time Acceleration = V f V i time distance displacement V f V i speed time velocity time a time 1. The ability to know that a change in position has occurred is due to the _frame of reference 2. Read or create Motion Maps. What are the 4 parts to a quality motion map? frame of reference, distances, times, and the object moving 3. The length between two points is called _distance 4. The length of a straight line from the starting point to the ending point that includes a direction is _displacement 5. Speed is _the distance an object moves over the time it take s to move 6. The units of speed are usually _m/s but could be different based on what is being measured. Know how to calculate speed, distance, or time using the equation. 7. A plane travels 12 miles in 2 hours. What is the speed? v=d t 12 miles 2 hours = 6 m/h 8. If the speedometer of your car reads a constant speed of 4km/hr, can you say the car has a constant velocity? _no, there may be hills or turns (most roads have those) which would change direction thus changing the velocity Know how to read & calculate from a Position vs. Time graph. Review the worksheet. 9. A steep slope on this graph represents a _faster speed. 1. A shallow slope on this graph represents a _slower speed. 11. A horizontal line/no slope represents _no speed, because there is no change in position 12. Velocity is _speed with direction, or displacement over time 13. How are velocity and speed different? Same? _direction is the difference, distance time is the same,
2 14. To calculate velocity you need to know _distance_, _time_, and _direction Know how to calculate velocity, displacement, or time using the equation. 15. A cheetah has a top speed of 6 miles/hour and he runs after prey for 4 miles. How long does it take the cheetah to catch the prey? time=d v t= 4miles 6 m/h t=.6 hours Know how to read a Position vs. Time graph and calculate velocity from it. Reference the In Class Graph worksheet for examples or assistance. 16. Tricky: What does an upward slope mean for velocity on a P vs. T graph? What does a downward slope mean for velocity on a P vs. T graph? upward slopes could mean the object is moving towards the zero mark or away from the zero example: Figure 1. Position vs. Time graph. Know how to read a Velocity vs. Time graph. 17. What does a horizontal/no slope mean on a Velocity vs. Time graph? the velocity is constant (it is staying at that numerical value and not changing) 18. Be able to answer a variety of questions relating to speed/velocity labs and situations involving them. Review Motion Man Lab, Marble Observations, and Distance vs. Time Observations. 19. Acceleration is defined as _change in velocity 2. A change in _speed_ or a change in _direction or both represent acceleration. 21. A ball rolls down a ramp, starting from rest. After 2 seconds, its velocity is 6 meters per second. What is the acceleration of the ball? a = (V f V i ) t a = (6m/s m/s) 2 sec a = 3m/s A car traveling at 1 m/s starts to decelerate steadily. It comes to a complete stop in 2 seconds. What is its acceleration? a = (V f V i ) t a = (m/s 1m/s) 2 sec a =.5m/s When acceleration is constant ( and ), what does the line on a Velocity vs. Time graph look like? linear (either upwards for or downwards for ) 24. What is the difference in the speed of an object that is represented by a straight line and a curved line on a Position vs. Time graph? straight line is a constant speed, curved line is a changing speed
3 25. What kind of line is on a Position vs. Time graph when acceleration is constant ( and )? curved (exponential) upward for or downward for 26. What is the acceleration when an object is moving at a constant positive velocity? What is the acceleration when the object is moving at a constant negative velocity? Zero for both 27. During the marble activity, the line graph of Ave. Speed vs. Ave Time represents _acceleration_. (Note to students: we didn t make these graphs, but think about marble s speed. It was not constant, thus it was accelerating.) 28. Draw a Position vs. Time graph and a Velocity vs. Time graph for a positive constant and negative constant acceleration. Know how to make and read all of the graphs that were made in the Moving Man Lab. Positive Negative Position (m) Position (m) Velocity (m/s) Velocity (m/s) 29. What would an Acceleration vs. Time graph look like for the above information? Acceleration (m/s 2 ) Acceleration (m/s 2 ) Review Questions from Quizzes, Assignments, and Labs.
4 Experiments: Know the following and be able to identify them in a situation. 3. What is Independent Variable? Control Group? Experimental Group? What the scientist is changing (don t confuse a purposeful change in an experiment that require a measurement (example: 1 grams of substance vs. 2 grams of stubstance) as the dependent variable). IV can be measured, but it is purposefully being changed in the experiment. CG a term to differentiate between the IV and sometimes what usually happens (example 1 grams of substance as compared to the EG). EG a term to differentiate between the IV and usually different from what happens (example 2 grams of substance as compared to the CG). 31. What is Dependent Variable? what you measure 32. What are Constants? every aspect of the experiment that you try to maintain the same 33. What does it mean to do multiple trials? Why is that important to do? testing the IV multiple times to get a large data set, in very simple terms the more trials done the better the data represents what actually happens 34. What makes a source credible? Why would you use only credible sources? 1) Author (experience with topic, degree that is related to topic, related place of work, related years of experience) 2) Publisher (why are they agreeing with the author, why are they supporting this type of work or results) 3) Copyright (how recently the work has been done) 4) Primary, Secondary, Tertiary Sources (did they do it, or interpret who actually did it, or summarize those who have interpreted the work 35. What is included in a well written procedure? Materials listed, Safety precautions, step by step instructions, correct order of instructions, how to set up equipment, how to create the control group and experimental group of IV, detailed instructions for measuring the DV ESPECIALLY when there could be interpretation of when to make a measurement 36. Requirements of Data Tables and Graphs Data Table: title on the top, Table 1. Includes IV and DV boxes around the data data has units and is labeled Graph title on the bottom, Figure 1. Includes the IV and DV appropriate graph (bar, line) axis: has labels and units, DV goes on the y axis, IV on the x axis visually easy to see 37. The ttest that is used _ttest: TwoSample Assuming Equal Variances. 38. Why do we analyze data? it reduces/eliminates the bias of those doing the work (see Chemical Reaction Review Answers for an example 39. What do the terms significant difference and no significant difference mean in science? Significant Difference = means that the DV measurements are different due to the difference created in the IV with the control group and experimental group No Significant Difference = means that the IV (the control group and experimental group) gives the same result of the DV (the numbers themselves are not the same, but they as a whole are not different
5 4. What does the word error mean in science? things beyond the scientist control (not just poor or sloppy lab work) that can or do have an effect on the data, thus affecting the results of the experiment Vocabulary Words (some of the most common): speed velocity acceleration direction displacement Velocity vs. Time graph Position vs. Time Graph Acceleration vs. Time Graph x and y axis constant (stays at the same value for the entire or a period of time) (different from Constants in an experiment) zero(can be stated that it is constant at zero but this value does not change from zero) linear curved positive negative
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