Biomethane fuelled vehicles

Transcription

1 Energy Institute 21 st century fuels Biomethane fuelled vehicles February 18th One Great George Street, London John Baldwin Managing Director, CNG Services Ltd C Eng M I Mech E, M I Gas E, MA (Oxon) John.baldwin@cngservices.co.uk ,

2 Agenda CNG Services Ltd Aims for the presentation What is biomethane and how is it made? Biomethane fuelled vehicles Biomethane injection into the gas grid Appliances Eco-leadership projects using biomethane It s the vehicles, stupid 2

3 CNG Services Ltd Owns the UK s highest capacity CNG filling station and is supporting a number of innovative low carbon projects including: Trialling home-fill CNG device with the VW Eco-fuel Caddy (CNG) Supporting the introduction of new NGVs in the UK by VW, MB and Iveco Cleaning bio-gas and injecting biomethane into the gas grid Cleaning bio-gas and using it to fuel vehicles 3

4 What is biomethane? Bio-gas contains typically 65% methane, 35% CO2 Lager shandy Natural gas contains around 90% methane, with ethane, propane, butane, CO2 and nitrogen making up the rest Blended whisky Made from dinosaur poo in a prehistoric AD, contaminated over the millenia Biomethane is bio-gas without the CO2, containing around 98% methane Malt whisky, the elixir of life Vehicles love it - Clean gas in, clean gas out Compress biomethane to 200 bar and you have a carbon neutral vehicle fuel Remarkably simple to brew 4

5 UK Energy Bill New Clause Supports Biomethane to Grid Consultation to follow in Q Financial premium for gas injected to the gas grid likely to be in the range p/therm The smaller number is equivalent to double ROCs The larger number reflects benefit from renewable heat National Grid believe that 50% of UK domestic gas demand can be met from biomethane See next slide Potentially 5,000 sources of biomethane Each one is a 100% second generation biofuel! 5

6 UK Biomethane Potential 6

7 Biomethane to Grid Widespread consensus that gas grid injection is attractive because of absence of uses for waste heat where renewable methane is made Take the gas to where customers exist as for electricity. It can be used in vehicles or for heating or for high efficiency generation 7

8 Biomethane Utilisation What we will be doing in

9 Germany Leading Germany has over 3,700 agricultural scale biogas plants The Biogas industry employs around 10,000 people The industry is worth about 1 Billion Euro / yr to the German economy BtG growing fast Target of 10% of all German gas by 2020 New high performance NGVs launched in Q by VW and GM RWE Innogy builds biogas plant in Saxony-Anhalt Letter of intent signed with Hese Biogas for further plants in Germany Another 10 plants to be built by 2012 RWE Innogy is going to build a biogas plant with a thermal capacity of approx. 6.5 megawatts in the municipality of Güterglück in the state of Saxony-Anhalt. From the summer of 2009, the site is to produce biogas which will be processed to meet natural gas specifications and fed into the local natural gas network. The general contractor for the construction of the biogas plant is Hese Biogas GmbH in Gelsenkirchen, a company of the Schmack Biogas group. Construction is scheduled to commence in October

10 So how does biomethane become a vehicle fuel? 10

11 Bio-gas to biomethane to compressed biomethane However, the biomethane can go direct to a compressor and vehicles from here (next slide) From Anaerobic Digester Lots of ways of cleaning up raw biogas to make Biomethane with the technology shown as a black box Gas Grid This shows biomethane going into the gas grid, with addition of propane (to increase the calorific value) and odorant (to give a smell) 11

12 Compressed biomethane Typically 1 bar 250 bar Local Gas Grid Pipe Back-up supply from gas grid Propane and odorant then gas grid injection CNG Compressors 7 bar Biogas Cleanup plant Storage Cascade 0.01 bar Biogas supply from Anaerobic Digester Dispenser 12

13 So, biomethane will be widely available and is easy to make, what about its CO2 performance as a vehicle fuel? 13

14 To start with, fossil methane has a great advantage 14

15 Biomethane is the best fuel in terms of CO2 Efficiency of Alternative Fuels How many km will a car run with the fuel produced on 1 ha? Biogas from corn silage via gas grid Bio-Ethanol from sugar beet Bio-Ethanol from corn Bio-Ethanol from wheat BTL (FT Diesel from forest biomass) Bio Diesel km/ha.a Biomethane offers carbon neutral transport option: Lowest Well to Wheel CO2 of any fuel Most efficient use of land 15

16 But what are the vehicles that can run on biomethane? These are key to market transformation 16

17 Vehicles that can run on biomethane the journey so far Environmental performance 17 Designed for biomethane, Unbeatable in all respects! We are here GOLDEN AGE FOR NGVs BIOMETHANE FUEL Some improvement, but still but still basically a converted petrol engine Performance Based on petrol, Simple conversion Bi-fuel These vehicles were not that good!

18 Passat TSI EcoFuel engine 1.4 TSI CNG already fulfills Euro-5 operating mode: bivalent performance 110 kw / 150 PS torque 220 Nm ( U/min) maximum speed 210 km/h fuel consumption 5.1 kg / 100 km CO2-emissions 119 g/km Range CNG/biomethane 420 km 3-underfloor gas tanks, steel 135 Liter (22 kg) gasoline 400 km, 31 Liter 820 km total operating range 18

19 Advantages TSI plus CNG TSI 1,4l 110 kw CNG The twincharger-technology of Volkswagen is the starting position to deliver an alternative fuel power train with very low fuel consumption and very low emissions, but very good driving performance The turbo lag, which is normally present in a CNG-Turbo-engine, is compensated by the mechanical compressor The performance of the CNG-TSI is very similar to a big bore natural aspirated engine, nevertheless the consumption and emissions are very low Working with the dual clutch DSG gearbox, VW achieve additional fuel consumption reductions and very good driver experience DSG gearbox 19

20 Press Release 7 Jan 09 20

21 Tank to Wheel CO2 emissions VW Passat - different engine/fuel options 190 CO2 - Emissionen [g/km] (NEFZ) I P/G B6 TDI 1.9 Bluemotion B6 TSI 1.8 DSG7 (Prognose) * B6 TDI 2.0 DPF DSG6 * B6 TDI 2.0 DPF B6 TSI-CNG 1.4 DSG7) * Leistung [kw] Quelle: K EFUP CNG Passat = 119 g/km Similar performance diesel Passat = 155 g/km 21

22 Opel Zafira May 15, 2008 Opel Adds New Turbo CNG Unit To Pro- Environmental Engine Range Higher output and torque with lower consumption and emissions In 2009, Opel will introduce one new 1.6-liter turbo CNG engine (Compressed Natural Gas) with around 110 kw/150 hp and 210 Nm of torque. Developed by GM Powertrain in Turin, the new unit joins Opel s current aspirated CNG engine, which has the same displacement and an output of 69 kw/94 hp. Environmental awareness and driving fun are no longer mutually exclusive, says Alain Visser, Chief Marketing Officer, GM Europe. With this newly developed turbocharged CNG engine, we continue pursuing our strategy of turbocharging engines to increase efficiency meaning lower consumption and emissions without making any concessions in performance. Key features of the new CNG engine include a turbocharger integrated into the exhaust manifold, an intake manifold with gasoline and CNG fuel pipes, an oil cooler and piston cooling. By virtue of their propulsion units, natural gas-powered Opel vehicles produce 80 percent less nitrogen oxide than a diesel, and almost 20 percent less CO2 than a gasoline model (nearly 10 percent less CO2 than diesel). Furthermore, the exhaust gases contain almost no soot particles. 22

23 Toyota Camry Hybrid It is clear that for round town small electric and plug-in hybrids are great, but for longer distances and anything involving time and weight, there is nothing that can beat biomethane made from waste or from the whole crop as the lowest CO2 2 nd generation biofuel 23

24 What right hand drive vehicles can I actually buy in 2009 in the UK? 24

25 VW Caddy Eco-fuel Best selling CNG van in Germany, launched mid 2006 Built to run on CNG rather than a petrol conversion Right hand drive is type approved for sale in UK 25

26 Mercedes Benz Sprinter CNG in UK in Q MB Sprinter NGT First time MB have designed a CNG Sprinter from first principles (rather than petrol conversion): Very low emissions 25% less CO2 than petrol on grid gas Carbon neutral on bio-methane Also has petrol tank Total range of 1100 km Ideal for supermarket home delivery, quiet, clean, long range, fast refuelling 26

27 Iveco Daily Being trialled by Veolia running on GasRec biomethane Very low emissions of NOX/particulates Carbon neutral on bio-methane 27

28 MB Econic - rigid 20% lower CO2 Very low emissions, EEV No congestion charge 50% of noise of diesel and expected to be approved for night running (avoiding traffic and congestion charge) Decreasing CO2 impact biomethane Diesel CNG 28

29 MB Econic - tractor Distribution logistics EEV emissions and 20% lower CO2 than diesel On bio-methane, carbon neutral MB bringing to UK in right hand drive form In UK in Q

30 Econic Refuse truck Refuse Trucks MB Econic (see below in Malmo, running on bio-methane) Also Lille 30

31 MB Econic Hybrid Biomethane is so valuable and precious, we should not waste it.so Toyota and MB are on the right track by developing hybrid versions 31

32 Clean Air Power dual fuel tractors Retail Distribution Bakery Distribution Dairy Product Distribution-Trunking Operation 32

33 Hardstaff Group dual fuel NGVs for own fleet use, converted Euro 3 diesel trucks 33

34 Biomethane as vehicle fuel why not make electricity instead and have electric vehicles? 34

35 What about GTL? Total Well-head to Wheels Diesel Passat gives 50% higher CO2 on a well to wheel basis than the CNG Passat. CNG is even lower if compression is done at night using renewable energy (post 2020) 35

36 How are these vehicles filled with biomethane (or normal CNG)? 36

37 Slow fill system Filling Posts & Vehicles Gas Meter CNG Compressor Gas Mains (Fossil gas) Gas is taken from the mains gas supply, through a meter and into a compressor. This low pressure gas is then compressed to 200 bar directly into the vehicle storage tanks. Speed of fill is proportional to the compressor output rate and number of vehicles being filled. 37

38 Slow fill system - examples 5-10k installed 25-30k installed k installed Small slow-fill system (Typically one car overnight) Size: kg/hr Sprinter: km/hr Eg Gasfill device - 8 hours running gives 100 miles range for single Gasfill unit. Double Unit gives 200 miles in 8 hours Medium slow-fill system Size: kg/hr Sprinter: km/hr 20 kg/hr for 8 hours would give 160kg = 1872 km = 187 km each for 10 Sprinters Large slow-fill system (Typically buses or refuse trucks overnight) Size: 400-1,600 kg/hr This is unlikely to be used for Sprinters as there is far too much gas. Unless Sprinters share filling with other vehicles such as Econics 38

39 Fast fill system Gas Meter CNG Compressor Storage Cascade Dispenser Gas Mains (Fossil gas) Gas is taken from the inlet gas supply, through a meter and into a compressor. This low pressure gas is then compressed to 250 bar into storage cylinders (in a 3 bank system). This gas is then fed to the vehicles via pressure differential pressure through a fast-fill dispenser. Speed of fill is proportional to the compressor output rate, the size of storage and number of vehicles being filled. 39

40 Fast fill system - examples 50-70k installed 350k installed k installed Small fast-fill system (Typically 10 Forklifts per day) Size: kg/hr Sprinter: km/hr Obvious candidates are sites with CNG forklifts Medium fast-fill system (Typically 10 HGV s per day) Size: kg/hr Sprinter: 2,340 4,680 km/hr Fill a Sprinter in 2 minutes, could fuel 100 Sprinters Large fast-fill system (300 dedicated tractors per day) Size: scm/hr Too big for Sprinter alone but ideal for Sprinter + Econic + dual fuel tractors 40

41 Eco-leadership Projects Customer Source of gas Vehicles Comments Water Company Sewage treatment works 40,000 m3/day of gas available Vehicles on site plus injection into gas grid (could be used to fuel Passat with home-fill device) 1 Passat doing 20,000 km needs 1,000 kg of gas. All this gas would fuel 5,700 Passats from this sewage works Local authority Organic waste (garden and kitchen) Refuse trucks, Sprinters, buses AD avoids use of landfill, can inject to grid Grower Waste from growing fruit and vegetables Sprinter CO2 separated from biogas to be used to increase growth rate of crops Waste Management Company Domestic organic waste + abattoir waste Inject into gas grid On site electricity generation would be <35% efficient It s the vehicles, stupid 41

42 Biomethane Utilisation Vision UK has a huge potential resource Can stop wasteful use of biogas for non CHP electricity Transportation is the most CO2 efficient use on a Well to Wheel basis because it reduces the production of marginal diesel and has a very simple supply chain make the fuel where it is used Thousands of small ADs built across Britain to process organic waste, farm waste and purpose grown crops such as miscanthus a second generation biofuel, made from the whole crop not just the fruit Injection into gas grid widespread, with hundreds of embedded methane production sites 25,000 jobs in this business Each of these gas production facilities can also supply vehicle fuel with the Passat, Zafira, Camry Hybrid, Caddy, Sprinter, Econic etc being widely available across Britain 42