Simulation of high voltage pulse supply for Electric Vehicles using Full-Bridge DC-DC Converter

Transcription

1 Inernaional Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research (IJSETR), Volume 3, Issue 8, Augus 2014 Simulaion of high volage pulse supply for Elecric Vehicles using Full-Bridge DC-DC Converer Deepak Sharma, Vijay Bhuria, Absrac The elecric power and ransporaion indusries are wo major secors for primary energy consumpion on Earh. The proposed a DC-DC converer, conver low DC volage (12V) o high DC volage (36V) supplied o he elecric sysem of polluion free elecric vehicles, for his purpose, full-bridge DC-DC converer echnology, is used o achieve he high efficiency, high performance, small size and lighweigh hrough design of high frequency swiching, ransformer and RCD snubber. DC-DC Converers used in baery elecric vehicles (BEVs), hybrid elecric vehicles (BEVs), and fuel cell vehicles (FCVs). The simulaions are carried ou using simulink/matlab (R2009a6.lnk) Index Terms Elecric Vehicles, Full-Bridge DC-DC Converer, RCD Snubber dc moor. Since he moor raing mus be high so ha i can bear he load and can run on good speed. Hence for such ype of dc moor insead of a consan dc, a high volage pulsaing dc is feed o he moors. These high volage pulses are generaed by he pulse generaors. To develop a DC-DC converer which can conver high baery volage ino low DC volage supplied o he elecric sysem of he eco-friendly elecric bus. As he elecric bus pars have large capaciy and he larger difference beween inpu and oupu volages comparing o hose of he passenger cars, high capaciy power converer is required. In order o implemen he circui, we have applied full-bridge converer opology. In order o achieve he high efficiency [7] Full-bridge opology is he mos popular opology used in he power range of a few kilowas (1 5 KW) for DC/DC converers [6] I. INTRODUCTION In order o make our environmen green and polluion free Elecric Vehicles plays an imporan role in our lives. Besides of ha, an elecric vehicle also helps in reducing global warming and helps in reducing he huge consumpion of peroleum resources which are non-renewable. Now days mos of he counries are headed owards he elecric moor vehicles, since here is a huge invesmen in he inernal combusion engine [2] The main moo for developing he EV (Elecric Vehicle) and HEV (Hybrid Elecrical Vehicle) is o reduce he polluion generaed by he hydrocarbon combusion and o save he non renewable source. Today here are so many echnologies o generae elecriciy, bu i is impossible o generae he non-renewable sources. I ook millions and billions of years by earh o produce such ype of source which are non-renewable [4] The imporan hing is ha, o run an elecric vehicle here is a need of power source which can deliver he required amoun o he elecric moor. Insead of combusion engine in vehicles, here elecric moors are used. Since here are baeries which are he primary energy-sorage device in ground vehicles so insead of ac moor like in rains, a use of dc moor helps in his case. The bigges ask is o supply his II. CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION Pulsed Power Supply Block Diagram Fig 1.1 Block Diagram of Pulsed Power Supply [18] High volage pulsed power modulaor Schemaic Diagram The DC - DC converer consis of hree modules: Inverer ( high frequency full bridge ) Transformer ( ferrie core based sep-up ) Recifier ( high frequency full bridge) Deepak Sharma, Deparmen of Elecrical Engineering, Madhav Insiue of Technology and Science, Gwalior, India, Vijay Bhuria, Deparmen of Elecrical Engineering, Madhav Insiue of Technology and Science,Gwalior, India, All Righs Reserved 2014 IJSETR 2143

2 Inernaional Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research (IJSETR), Volume 3, Issue 8, Augus 2014 High Frequency Full Wave Recifier S1 S2 D1 D2 A recifier is an elecrical device ha convers alernaing curren (AC), which periodically reverses direcion, o direc curren (DC), which flows in only one direcion. The process is known as Recificaion. DC RL o Full wave recifier S4 S3 Transformer Invereer Recifier Fig. 1.2 Schemaic diagram of High Volage Pulsed Power Modulaor [20] Full wave recificaion convers boh polariies of he inpu waveform o DC providing he higher mean oupu volage. The recifier circui consiss of four diodes for unconrolled full bridge recifier or four swiches for conrolled full bridge recifier. The full bridge recifier designed is an unconrolled recifier, he figure 1.5 shows a full bridge unconrolled recifier [17] High Frequency Full Bridge Inverer also known as Saic Power Converer ha convers he DC sources o AC sources. This AC oupu can be obained by he use of semiconducor swiching device and conroller circui. Inverers are used in a wide range of applicaions, from small swiched power supplies for a compuer o large elecric uiliy applicaions o ranspor bulk power like Volage Compensaor, UPS (uninerruped power Supply), FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission Sysem), ASD (Adjusable Speed Drive), Acive Filers and ec [18] AC D1 D3 D2 C RL Fig. 1.5 Schemaic diagram of Full Bridge Recifier [18] DC S1 S3 L O A D To obain he DC oupu volage, firs diode D 1 and D 2 are urned on, hence we will ge. The posiive cycle, laer when diodes D 3 and D 4 urned on will ge he negaive cycle The oupu of full bridge recifier is shown in figure 1.6: S4 S2 ID1,ID2 D1, D2 D1, D2 D1, D2 T/2 T 3T/2 2T 5T/2 3T Fig. 1.3 Full Bridge DC o AC power circui [17] ID3,I To obain he AC oupu volage, firs swich S 1 and S 2 are urned on, hence we will ge he posiive cycle, laer when swiches S 3 and S 4 urned on will ge he negaive cycle. The oupu of he full bridge single phase inverer is given in figure 1.4: Vo V D3, D3, D3, IS1,IS2 S1, S2 S1, S2 S1, S2 T/2 T 3T/2 2T 5T/2 3T Fig. 1.6 Typical waveforms for Full Bridge Recifier Circui [20] IS3,IS4 High Frequency sep-up Transformer Vo V S3, S4 S3, S4 S3, S4 Fig. 1.4 Typical Gae Drive Pulses for Full Bridge Inverer Circui [20] The high frequency ransformer is an inegral par of he full-bridge converer. The ferrie core of high frequency ransformer which operaes a 100 KHz, and Transformer raed a 1KVA, The RMS Volage of primary and secondary windings are 8V and 26V A ransformer is a power converer ha ransfers elecrical energy from one volage level in o anoher. A ransformer All Righs Reserved 2014 IJSETR 2144

3 Inernaional Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research (IJSETR), Volume 3, Issue 8, Augus 2014 consiss primary and secondary winding mouned on a core. The ransformer works on Faraday s law i.e. when an alernaing volage is applied o he primary coil, an alernaing magneic field is creaed around his coil since i acs as an elecromagne. Since he secondary coil is in he alernaing magneic field, a volage is induced ino i in much he same way i does when moving a magne (alernaing magneic field) in and ou of a coil. A ransformer works by inducing a volage from he primary coil o he secondary coil. If a load is conneced o he secondary winding, curren will flow in his winding, and he energy will be ransferred from he primary circui hrough he ransformer o he load. A ransformer consiss of 1 primary coil and 1 or more secondary coils wound around a single ferrie core (for low frequency he core used is normally iron and ferrie is for high frequency) Air core is used in very high frequency ransformers. The amoun of volage on he secondary coil depends on he raio of primary o secondary urns (ofen jus called he urn s raio) [19] III. PROPOSED WORK The HV pulse which is generaed a he oupu has he fla op and he rise and fall ime is < 100 µsec. The below specificaion is obained according o he available moor MY 1020 from TNC Scooers, an ElecriCruz Inc. company Parameer s Inpu Volage Oupu Volage Oupu Curren Pulse widh Time Period Values 12 V dc 36 V dc 35.6 Amp 0.5 o 1.5ms 20 ms Ripple < 5% Efficiency 95% Fig 1.7 Simulaion circui of full-bridge DC-DC converer wih RCD snubber circui V. FULL BRIDGE DC-DC CONVERTER OPERATINGPRINCIPLE Show he operaion waveform of he full-bridge DC-DC converer. We divided one cycle of swiching ino four operaion modes and operaion of individual modes are described as below- The full bridge converer is a versaile regulaion opology ha can be used for various power conversions. I provides high power handling, sabiliy and all round symmery. When a high frequency ransformer is used wih his opology i no only saves weigh bu also provides an efficien way of sepping up volage and ransferring large amouns of power [17] and [18] The full bridge DC-DC converer comprises of four semiconducor swiches, a high frequency ransformer ha feeds ino a recifier circui. To achieve he ransfer of power from he inpu o he oupu, ideal swiches S1-S4 are swiched a a high frequency. The swiching sequence is in four modes described [20] Mode 1: When swiches S2 and S3 are urned ON while swiches S1 and S4 are OFF; he primary volage is posiive and he diodes and D7 carry he curren hrough o he oupu. Mode 2: When all swiches are OFF and during his firs dead ime he oupu curren coninues o flow hrough all 4 diodes. IV. SIMULATIONS The simulaion of he proposed paper is carried ou using MATLAB sofware. The baery fed drive for elecric vehicles using full-bridge DC-DC converer wih a RCD snubber is also simulaed. The simulaions are performed wih following parameers and he design procedure is explained above Mode 3: When swiches S1 and S4 are ON, while S2 and S3 are OFF. The primary volage is reversed and diodes D6 and D5are reverse biased his causes he oupu curren o flow hrough diodes and D7. Mode 4: When all swiches are OFF; similar o mode 2, his is he second dead ime. Again in his mode he curren is carried hrough o he oupu by all four diodes. This swiching sequence described in he modes above will cause a square ac wave a he primary of he ransformer. All Righs Reserved 2014 IJSETR 2145

4 Inernaional Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research (IJSETR), Volume 3, Issue 8, Augus 2014 This ac wave is hen sepped up by he ransformer. The ransformer oupu volage is sepped up recified and hen filered o produce he DC oupu. The seady sae waveforms of his ype of converer operaing in coninuous conducion mode [16] VI. RESULTS Fig 1.10 Waveform for a full-bridge DC-DC converer Fig 1.8 Waveform for a full-bridge DC-DC converer VII. CONCLUSIONS This paper describe and design on developmen of a DC-DC converer o conver low DC volage (12V) ino high DC volage (36V) supplied o he elecric sysem of elecric vehicles. This convers 12V DC o 36V DC can be used by sep-up ransformer (ferrie core) oupu power up o 1.2KW. The volage gain of he sysem was also saisfacory wih a volage of 36V for an inpu of 12V. Load curren was esed only wih resisive load. Apar from radiional applicaion in dc moor drives, new applicaions of full-bridge DC converer include energy sorage in renewable energy sysems; fuel cell energy sysems, hybrid elecric vehicles (HEV) and uninerrupible power supplies (UPS) REFERENCES [1] Dharam Dua, Souvik Ganguli, DESIGN OF A BIDIRECTIONAL DC-DC CONVERTER FOR HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES (HEV) USING MATLAB Thapar Universiy, Paiala, India, IJAREEIE, July, 2013 [2] Divya K.Nair1, Elizabeh Rajan2, K. Radhakrishnan, Energy Managemen Converer wih A Flyback Snubber Fed Drive For Hybrid Elecric Vehicle IJAREEIE, January, 2013 [3] Seung-mo Kim, Byung-gi Kwon, Mal-soo Kim, Yong-hyo Kwon, Pyo-soo Kim, Duk-hee Lee, Chang-ho Choi, Design and Implemenaion of DC-DC Converer wih Digial Conroller for Elecric Vehicle IEEE, 2013 Fig 1.9 Waveform for a full-bridge DC-DC converer [4] Divya K. Nair Analysis and Design of Improved Isolaed Bidirecional Fullbridge DC-DC Converer for Hybrid Elecric Vehicle IJAREEIE, December 2013 [5] T F Wu, Y D hang, H hang, and J G Yang, Sof-swiching boos converer wih a flyback snubber for high power applicaions, IEEE Transacions Power Elecronics, vol. 27, no. 3, pp , March 2012 [6] Pahlevaninezhad, Priam Das, Josef Drobnik, Praveen K. Jain, Alireza Bakhshai, "A Novel ZVZCS Full-Bridge DC/DC Converer Used for Elecric Vehicles, IEEE Journals & Magazines Issue 6, Page (s): All Righs Reserved 2014 IJSETR 2146

5 Inernaional Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research (IJSETR), Volume 3, Issue 8, Augus 2014 [7] Chan-Ho Kangl, Gyoung-Man Kiml, Eun-Jun-Jungl, Tae-Kwon Kiml, Sudy of he Developmen of DC-DC converer for Elecric Bus, 2012 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, Oc. 9-12,2012, Seoul, Korea [8] T. Wu, Y. Chu Chen, J. Yang, and C. Kuo, Isolaed Bidirecional Full-Bridge DC DC Converer wih a Flyback Snubber, IEEE Transacions Power Elecronics Vol.23 pp , 2010 [9] S, Waer and J.W. Kolar. A novel low-loss modulaion sraegy for high-power Bidirecional Buck booss converers. Power Elecronics, IEEE Transacions on, 24(6):1589 {1599, june 2009 [10] Sangaek Han and Deepak Divan, Bi-Direcional DC/DC Converers for Plug-in Hybrid Elecric Vehicle (PHEV) Applicaions School of Elecrical and Compuer Engineering, Georgia Insiue of Technology, USA, IEEE, 2008 [11] Dakshina M. Bellur and Marian K. Kazimierczuk, DC-DC CONVERTERS FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE APPLICATIQNS IEEE, 2007 [12] M, Oruzar, J. Moreno, and J. Dixon. Ulracapacior-based auxiliary energy sysem for an Elecric vehicle: Implemenaion and evaluaion. Indusrial Elecronics, IEEE Transacions on, 54(4):2147 {2156, aug [13] S.Gargies, H. Wu, and C. Mi, "Design and conrol of an isolaed bidirecional dc-dc converer for hybrid elecric vehicle applicaions," Journal of Asian Elecric Vehicles, vol. 4, no. 1, pp , 2006 [14] Rik W. De Doncker and Jorg Waler: High-Power Galvanically Isolaed DC/DC Converer Topology for Auomobiles, IEEE Transacions, 2003 [15] T. A. Nergaard, J. F. Ferrell, L. G. Leslie, and J. S. Lai, Design consideraions for a 48 V fuel cell o spli single phase inverer sysem wih ulra capacior energy sorage, in Proc. IEEE Power Elecronics Specialis Conference, 2002 [16] Rugaju, M., Janse van Rensburg, J.F. and Pienaar H.C.vZ. Full Bridge DC-DC converer as inpu sage for fuel cell based inverer sysem Vaal Universiy of Technology, Andries Pogieer Blvd., Vanderbijlpark, [17] K B Khanchandani, Power Elecronics Handbook, 2007 by Taa McGraw Hill Educaion privae Limied, [18] Dr. P.S. Bimbhra, Power Elecronics Handbook, 2007 by Romesh Chander Khanna, Khanna Publishers, [19] Dr. P.S. Bimbhra, Elecrical Machinery Handbook, 2008 by Khanna Publishers, [20] M. H. Rashid, Power Elecronics Handbook, 2007 by Elsevier press, Deepak Sharma is a M.Tech Suden in Indusrial Sysem and Drives in Deparmen of Elecrical Engineering from Madhav Insiue of Technology and Science, Gwalior (M.P) India, Earlier He has compleed his Undergraduae in he field of Elecrical Engineering from Shri Vaishnav Insiue of Technology and Science, Indore (M.P) India All Righs Reserved 2014 IJSETR 2147