Woody Charcoal Gasifier Engine for Power Generation

Transcription

1 Woody Charcoal Gasifier Engine for Power Generation Presentation for the International Seminar on Green Bio-Energy Development for Wood Industrial Sector and Environmental Conservation January 8, 2008, Kasetsart University, Thailand Asst. Prof. Suppawit LAWANASKOL Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, RMUTT Pathum Thani, Thailand

2 Biomass Potentials Thailand is an agricultural country. Biomass is available in almost all the villages.

3 Biomass to Energy Types of Conversion Processes 1. Carbonization 2. Combustion 3. Gasification 4. Pyrolysis

4 Biomass Gasification Biomass gasification is the process of thermochemical conversion of solid biomass either raw form or chased form, into a combustible gas mixture normally called Producer Gas (CO, H 2, CH 4 )

5 Why Gasify? Combustion - Conversion efficiency 20-25% - Emissions NOx, CO, particulate Gasification - More Efficient than combustion, 30-35% - Fuel gas (CO + H 2 + CH 4 ) can be used in prime movers To use lower quality fuels To produce more high quality energy To obtain better environmental performance

6 Why gasify? (continue) Gaseous fuels have many advantages over solid fuels. - Gases can be burned more efficiently - less emissions - the gas flame is more easily controlled - gas can be used to operate engines for power generation and process heat

7 Gasification Process Drying Process Pyrolysis Process Oxidation Process C+O2 CO2+406 [MJ/kmol] H2+1/2O2 H2O+242 [MJ/kmol] Reduction Process Boudouard reaction CO 2 + C 2CO [MJ/kmol] Water-gas reaction C + H 2 O CO + H [MJ/kmol] Water shift reaction CO2+H2=CO + H2 O [MJ/kmol] Methane production reaction C + 2H2=CH4+75 [MJ/kmol]

8 Wood Energy Conversion & Charcoal Production

9 Wood Carbonization Wood Wood Vinegar Charcoal Gasifier Engine

10 Gasification Applications

11 Downdraft Gasifier Charcoal, Wood chip Processes Occuring Drying Zone Pyrolysis Zone Oxidation Reduction

12 Producer Gas Compositions gases % volume method CO 22.7 H CH O N CO GC - TCD Heating Value ~ 4,400 5,600 kj/m 3

13 Charcoal AIR

14 Dual Fuel Gasifier Engine

15 6.5

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17 % Exhaust Gas Compositions from Dual Fuel Gasifier Engine CO 2 CO H 2 HC method GC-TCD Environmental Impact CO 2 emission is reduced significantly

18 Small scale gasifier engine system for power generation Gasifier Design 1. Low Cost 2. Easy to Use 3. 1 kwe, 50 Hz Fixed Bed 5. Fuel : Wood Charcoal 6. Batch Type (3 hours) System Components 1. Downdraft Gasifier 2. Cyclone 3. Fabric Filter 4. Cooler 5. Small Gasoline Engine (6.5 HP.) 6. Generator 2.2 kva.

19 Applications Light Bulbs 100 W. x 10 = 1000 W. 24 W. x 40 = 960 W. Generator (2.2 kva.) Battery (12 V., 60 Amp-hr) Battery Charger

20 Small Gasifier Engine for Water Pumping At Water Flow rate 7 m 3 /hr, Head 4 m.

21 Commercial Prototype Water Pump Electric Generator

22 Commercial Prototype

23 Provincial Electricity Authority (PEA Project) 30 kwe Rural Area, Island Small Wood Factory Dual Fuel System

24 Dual Fuel System for Electricity Generation Output : 10 kwe, 220 V., 50 Hz. Diesel Engine + Gasifier Diesel replacement 65-75% Diesel Consumption ~ 0.96 lit/hr Woody Charcoal Consumption ~ 6.5 kg/hr 10 kwe

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28 Currently Projects - Biomass Gasifier for LPG Replacement (Ceramic Factory) - Heat Recovery from Waste Incinerator for Steam Generation, 5 MWth (5 tones steam/hr) - Dual Fuel Gasifier Engine for 100 kwe Power Generation, Provincial Electricity Authority (PEA), Thailand

29 Conclusions Wood Charcoal Gasifier Engine can be very effective in solving rural energy and environment problems. Biomass is available in almost all the villages and its utilization for generation of electricity will not only increase economic activity in villages through decentralized biomass power plants but also be helpful in the development of the area and carries an environment-friendly and sustainable solution to the power crisis in rural area. It can reduce the use of fossil fuels in village applications.

30 Any Questions? Thank You For Your Kind Attention