New approaches for management of European Grapevine Moth (EGVM), Lobesiabotrana, in the Douro (Porto) Wine Region, Portugal

Transcription

1 Associação para o Desenvolvimento da Viticultura Duriense Cluster dos vinhos da Região do Douro New approaches for management of European Grapevine Moth (EGVM), Lobesiabotrana, in the Douro (Porto) Wine Region, Portugal Cristina Carlos

2 Douro Demarcated Region (Porto & Douro Wine) - Portugal

3 Douro Demarcated Region Total surface Ha/ acres Vineyardssurface Ha/ acres Lower Corgo Upper Corgo Upper Douro R (cm/ in) 85,7 / 33,7 65,8 / 25,9 40,6 / 15,9 T (ºC/ ºF) 15.5 / 59, / 61,2 16,5 / 61,7

4 Structural organization of Douro region (UNESCO Patrimoine) Typicalwine-farmisfragmentedintoplotsof variablesize, Slope(> 70 % surface have 30-50%), shape, orientation, and varieties average surface / winegrower: 3,2 acres

5 European Grapevine moth- Lobesia botrana Den & Schiff Key pest in Douro Valley Variety highly susceptible- Touriga Franca (22 % of grape varieties in Douro)

6 Damages 3 generations (sometimes4, suchas in2009 / 2010) The3 rd generationoftenpromotesbotrytisbunchrot

7 Alternative Hosts Daphne gnidium September, 2010

8 F. Gonçalves Alternative Hosts Olea europaea

9 GVBM usedas a thinningagent in somevarieties (TourigaFranca) Ex. Touriga Franca (cluster with 6 nests ) Some varieties can support the destruction of around 50% of the flowers The1 rst generationisusedas a natural thinningagent

10 Damage-3 rd generation

11 Damage-3 rd generation

12 Economic thresholds 1 rst Gen. 2 nd Gen. 3 rd Gen nests / 100 clusters 1-10 % infested grape clusters 1-10 % infested grape clusters

13 Flying period st adults -mid March Adults remain active until October Mar 19-Mar 02-Abr 16-Abr 30-Abr 14-Mai 28-Mai 11-Jun 25-Jun 09-Jul 23-Jul 06-Ago 20-Ago 03-Set 17-Set 01-Out 15-Out Test (1) Test (2) Test (3) 29 Weeks of flying period

14 Current control measures One to twosprays with insecticides are required annually (2 nd,3 rd generation) Insecticides authorized in IPM in Portugal - flufenoxuron - fenoxicarb - metoxifenozida - indoxacarb - clorantraniliprol - Bacillus thurigiensis -spinosade Publicpressureagainsttheuse of chemicals/ marketing led to search alternatives

15 Mating disruption technique Isonet-L(= ISOMATE) (Shin-Etsu Ch.) 172 mg (E,Z)-7,9-dodecadienyl acetate (officially registred in Portugal since 2002) Experimental trialsinadvid startedin2000

16 Quinta S. Luíz ( , )

17 Male disorientation(%) 1 rst flight 2 nd flight 3 rd flight Total catches % disor control ha / 7 ac MD int MD bord control ha / 62 ac MD int MD bord control ha / 37 ac MD int control ha / 39,5 ac MD int control ha / MD int ac MD bord MD almost completly prevented male moths from locating sources of synthetic sex pheromone

18 Infestation Year Gen. Infestation (Control plot) MD interior Reduction of Infestation (%) MD border Reduction of Infestation (%) st ha / 2 nd 9* 1* 89 1* 89 7 ac 3 rd 31* Harvest st 36 13* 64 18* ha / 2 nd 11* 3* 73 10* 9 62 ac 3 rd 6* * 50 Harvest st ha / 2 nd ac 3 rd Harvest st ha / 2 nd ,5 ac 3 rd 7* 0* 100 2* 79 Harvest st ha / 2 nd 56* 0* * ac 3 rd 10* 0* * 0 Harvest * sprays hadto beapplied

19 Quinta Cidrô ( ) 15 ha/ 37 acres

20 Infestation Year Gen. Infestation (control) Infestation Center MD Reduction Infestation (%) Infestation Border MD Infestation red. (%) st nd 1 1* 33 2* 0 Harvest st nd Harvest Harvest st rd Harvest Since2006, no more sprays hadto beapplied!

21 Constrainsfor largerapplicationof MD indouro -Area (onlythebig Quintas haveconditionsfor largerapplicationof MD); -Heterogeneitytypicalof Douro Valley; -HightPestpressure (longlifecycle, hightbioticpotential); - Clima (temperatures, wind speed); -Earlyexhaustion of pheromoneindispensers(before3 rd generation); -Highcostof MD (plusneedof technicalsupportto estimatedamage); -ThelongeffectofMD (youhaveto bepacient ) Surfaceof Douro ValleywithMD: 500 Ha(1235 acres) 1% areatreatedwithmd

22 30 % of the area - ways, embankment

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26 Evolution of the pheromone in the dispensers Remaining AI quantity (%) 2000, 2002, rd G Mar 15-Abr 15-Mai 15-Jun 15-Jul 15-Ago 15-Set rd G Vallado Matilde Luiz Ventozelo Cidro Levels of atmospheric pheromone could be below the required to preventmatinginthe3 rd generation

27 Testing new dispensers ISONET-LTT 300 mg (E,Z)-7,9-dodecadienyl acetate Dosage recommended: 200 disp/ acre

28 Natural enemiesof thegvbm Natural parasitism on field Ano Local 1ª G (%) 2ª G (%) 2002 S. Luíz Sogevinus 12,0 6,7 Bonfim Symington 10,1 36, S. Luíz 45, Vallado Qta Vallado 2,0 - D. Matilde Qta D. Matilde 5,2 Seixo Sogrape - 24,7 % 2,0-45,5 6,7-36,8

29 7 Species of parasitoids identified (C. Villemant, MHN Paris) Família Género, Espécie Número total % Eulophidae Elachertus affinis Masi 53 32,9 Chalcididae Brachymeria sp ,2 Ichneumonidae Campoplex capitator Aubert 31 19,3 Pteromalidae Dibrachys sp. 4 2,5 Eulophidae Elasmus sp. 1 0,6 Braconidae Ascogaster quadridentata Wesmael 1 0,6 Bethylidae Goniozus gallicola (Kieffer) = Parasierola gallicola (Kieffer) 1 0,6 Tachinidae Não identificado 1 0,6 outros parasitóides não identificados 6 3,7 Parasitóides não emersos 16 9,9 Total ,0

30 Species of parasitoids identified (C. Villemant, MHN Paris) Elachertus affinis Brachymeria sp. Campoplex capitator

31 Associação para o Desenvolvimento da Viticultura Duriense Cluster dos vinhos da Região do Douro ENHANCING FUNCTIONAL BIODIVERSITY IN DOURO WINE REGION VINEYARDS

32 Enhancing functional biodiversity in Douro Wine Region vineyards 1 2 The experimental work began in 2010 and is being developed following an action plan that aims to: a) identify potential ecological infrastructures(ei) already existing on the farm b) identify management strategies aimed at the maximization of ecosystem services provided by these EI(biological control) Cluster dos Vinhos da Região do Douro

33 2010 Analysing Biodiversity in different ecological infrastructures in vineyards Cluster dos Vinhos da Região do Douro

34 2011 Effects of landscape structure and cover crops on natural enemies of EGVM Elachertus affinis Masi. 7 8 Campoplex capitator Aubert Pupa of taquinid

35 2011 Impact of soil management on entomopathogenic fungi - Screening of occurrences of indigenous populations of entomopathogenic fungi in soils - Evaluation of their potential as biological control agents for Lobesia botrana Larva and Pupa parasited by Beauveria bassiana

36 2011 Impact of soil management on entomopathogenic fungi Entomopathogenicfungi wereisolatedfromsoilsamplesusing Insect Bait Method Tenebrio molitor(coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Lobesia botrana green-muscardinefungus Metarhiziumanisopliaein a infected larva of Tenebrio Metarhizium culture

37 Obrigada pela atenção!