INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT OF INSECTS IN URBAN GREEN SPACES

Transcription

1 INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT OF INSECTS IN URBAN GREEN SPACES M Glavendekić University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture, Belgrade, Serbia, milka.glavendekic@sfb.bg.ac.rs

2 INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT OF INSECTS IN URBAN GREEN SPACES INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS RESULTS DISCUSSION CONCLUSIONS International Symposium Current Trends in Plant Protection, , Belgrade, Serbia

3 Native insects are trophically related to ornamental plants on urban green spaces. More than 65% alien arthropods are recorded in parks, gardens and other human-made habitats (Lopez-Vaamonde et. al, 2010). The most aliens remain strictly associated with their ornamental exotic hosts. Beneficial insects on public green and in urban forest ecosystems have been studied in Serbia for more than 40 years (Tomić & Mihajlović, 1974; Stojanović & Markovic, 2004; Glavendekic et al., 2010, Glavendekic, 2012). The surveys carried out on urban green spaces in Serbia confirmed our hypothesis how it is complex ecosystem. INTRODUCTION International Symposium Current Trends in Plant Protection:, , Belgrade, Serbia

4 Studies on the biology and ecology of alien insects were conducted in parks and urban forests in Belgrade, Vršac, Novi Sad and Kruševac (Serbia) and in Budva and Herceg Novi (Montenegro). The investigation of insect pests on urban green spaces was mainly done because of their economic and ecological effect on cultivated ornamental plants. Standard entomological methods were applied. MATERIALS AND METHODS

5 Integrated pest management (IPM) involves the use of different techniques to control insect pests: cultural control (use ornamental plants the most suitable for environmental condition, choose appropriate cultivar of host plant, apply technique of planting following good practice and standards, plant healthy plants for planting); physical control (cutting and destroying of highly affected plant parts, collecting of leaves in autumn, Appropriate method of monitoring: pheromone traps, sticky stripes, color sticky traps etc.); use of biological control agents, keep safe populations of natural enemies and selective applications of chemical insecticides.

6 Cameraria ohridella Deschka & Dimić One of the most important insect pests in urban green. The most frequent parasitoids recorded in Serbia are: Minotetrastichus frontalis, Closterocerus trifasciatus, Pnigalio pectinicornis, P. agraules, Pediobius saulius, Cirrospilus talitzkii, C. elegantissimus, C. vitatus, Elachertus inunctus. Up to now there is no evidence that natural enemies can control populations of the pest (Dautbašić, 2002; Stojanović and Marković, 2004). IPM options for control of C. ohridella: cultural, physical, save biological control agents and alternative methods of application of insecticides.

7 Injektovanje sa ručnom aparaturom A. s. Abamectin trials in Belgrade

8 Belgrade, August 2003 Belgrade, November 2004 No control Control with a.c. abamectin-injetion

9 Aphididae Outbreaks of Cinara cedri Mimeur 1936 (Homoptera; Aphididae) have been observed in 2002 in Belgrade, Vršac and Novi Sad. During the research on natural enemies of C. cedri, the most common were predators: Chrysopa spp, Coccinella septempunctata, Adalia bipunctata and recently immature stages and adults of Harmonia axyridis have been observed. Bow-legged fir aphid Cinara curvipes, (Patch) (Homoptera: Aphididae) a pest of Abies spp. was in 2001 recorded in Serbia (Poljakovic-Pajnik et al., 2002). Predators: Chrysopidae, Coccinelidae, Syrphidae. Following IPM options could be considered for control of aphids: cultural, physical, biological control and application of biorational insecticides.

10 Parasitoid Herbivora: Aphis spiraecola Diplazon laetatorius Host plant: Spiraea sp. pupa Chalcidoidea Competition:Coccinella septempunctata L., Chysoperla carnea Stephens и Predator Episyrphus balteatus Larva

11 Harmonia axyridis Common on urban trees and shrubs. Predator of Aphids on Tilia, Acer, Fraxinus spp. Ecological impact of H. axyridis is very important, since it was recorded that it shares parasitoids with native coccinellids Homalotylus flaminius Dalman (Hymenoptera, Encyrtidae) (Glavendekić et al., 2010). Tachinidae Phoridae (in press)

12 Corythucha ciliata (Say) (Heteroptera: Tingidae) American netlike bug was at the beginning of 70th s for the first time recorded on the Balkan Peninsula (Tomić and Mihajlović, 1974). During ninetieths lower population of C. ciliata has been observed, as well as very good established population of predators: Anthocoridae, Miridae, and Chrysopidae. IPM options for control of C. ciliata: cultural, physical, biological control and application of biorational insecticides.

13 Metcalfa pruinosa (Say) It expanded its range within last decade significantly. It was observed in Serbia for the first time in 2006 in the vicinity of Belgrade and now it is spread about 130 km westwards and north from the first recorded locality. A wasp parasitoid, Neodryinus typhlocybae Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae) was observed in Montenegro in the town Budva (Glavendekic et al., 2010). IPM options for control of M. pruinosa: cultural, physical, biological control and application of biorational insecticides.

14 Tomostethus nigritus F. (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) Defoliator of Fraxinus excelsior cultivars along tree-lined avenues in Belgrade. The research on natural enemies of T. nigritus revealed parasitic wasps Synoecetes tenuicornis Grav. (Hymanoptera: Ichneumonidae) and flies (Diptera: Tachinidae) as parasitoids of immature stages. Following IPM options for control of T. nigritus: cultural, physical, biological control and application of biorational insecticides.

15 Impact of climate change and trade with ornamental plants

16 Impact of climate change and trade with ornamental plants Developement of new methods for montioring of pathways for introduction and spread of pests. Improvement of legislation

17 Conclusions In the control of C. ohridella, C. cedri, C. curvipes, C. ciliata, M. pruinosa and T. nigritus in parks and urban fores ecosystems IPM could be applied. Biorational products in managing pests could be more fully integrated into IPM programs. Thorough periodic survey that includes an assessment of natural enemies can provide this information. There is need to develop new methods for monitoring of pests in urban green spaces.

18 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This work was supported by Ministry of Education and Science, Grant III

19 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION International Symposium Current Trends in Plant Protection, , Belgrade, Serbia