Chapter 2 Atoms Molecules and Ions
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1 Chapter 2 Atoms Molecules and Ions Student: NOTE: A periodic table is required to work many of the problems in this chapter. 1. The elements in a column of the periodic table are known as A. metalloids. B. a period. C. noble gases. D. a group. E. nonmetals. 2. Which of these materials are usually poor conductors of heat and electricity? A. metals B. metalloids C. nonmetals D. alkaline earth metals E. alkali metals 3. Which of these elements is most likely to be a good conductor of electricity? A. N B. S C. He D. Cl E. Fe 4. An anion is defined as A. a charged atom or group of atoms with a net negative charge. B. a stable atom. C. a group of stable atoms. D. an atom or group of atoms with a net positive charge. 5. The scientist who determined the magnitude of the electric charge of the electron was A. John Dalton. B. Robert Millikan. C. J. J. Thomson. D. Henry Moseley. E. R. Chang. Page 1
2 6. When J. J. Thomson discovered the electron, what physical property of the electron did he measure? A. its charge, e B. its charge-to-mass ratio, e/m C. its temperature, T D. its mass, m E. its atomic number, Z 7. Which of these scientists developed the nuclear model of the atom? A. John Dalton B. Robert Millikan C. J. J. Thomson D. Henry Moseley E. Ernest Rutherford 8. Rutherford's experiment with alpha particle scattering by gold foil established that A. protons are not evenly distributed throughout an atom. B. electrons have a negative charge. C. electrons have a positive charge. D. atoms are made of protons, neutrons, and electrons. E. protons are 1840 times heavier than electrons. 9. What percentage of the mass of a carbon-12 atom is contributed by its electrons? Given the mass of an electron is (1/1836) amu. A % B. 6.0% C. 33.0% D. 50.0% E % 10. Atoms of the same element with different mass numbers are called A. ions. B. neutrons. C. allotropes. D. chemical families. E. isotopes. 11. How many neutrons are there in an atom of lead whose mass number is 208? A. 82 B. 126 C. 208 D. 290 E. none of them Page 2
3 12. An atom of the isotope sulfur-31 consists of how many protons, neutrons, and electrons? (p = proton, n = neutron, e = electron) A. 15 p, 16 n, 15 e B. 16 p, 15 n, 16 e C. 16 p, 31 n, 16 e D. 32 p, 31 n, 32 e E. 16 p, 16 n, 15 e 13. Give the number of protons (p), electrons (e), and neutrons (n) in one atom of chlorine-37. A. 37 p, 37 e, 17 n B. 17 p, 17 e, 37 n C. 17 p, 17 e, 20 n D. 37 p, 17 e, 20 n E. 17 p, 37 e, 17 n 14. Which one of these species is an ion? A. B 3+ B. NaCl C. He D. 14 C E. none of these 15. Two isotopes of an element differ only in their A. symbol. B. atomic number. C. atomic mass. D. number of protons. E. number of electrons. 16. A magnesium ion, Mg 2+, has A. 12 protons and 13 electrons. B. 24 protons and 26 electrons. C. 12 protons and 10 electrons. D. 24 protons and 22 electrons. E. 12 protons and 14 electrons. 17. An aluminum ion, Al 3+, has: A. 13 protons and 13 electrons B. 27 protons and 24 electrons C. 16 protons and 13 electrons D. 13 protons and 10 electrons E. 10 protons and 13 electrons Page 3
4 18. An oxide ion, O 2-, has: July 19, 2009 [PROBLEM SET FROM R. CHANG TEST BANK] A. 8 protons and 10 electrons B. 10 protons and 8 electrons C. 8 protons and 9 electrons D. 8 protons and 7 electrons E. 10 protons and 7 electrons 19. A sulfide ion, S 2-, has: A. 16 protons and 16 electrons B. 32 protons and 16 electrons C. 16 protons and 14 electrons D. 16 protons and 18 electrons E. 32 protons and 18 electrons 20. How many protons and electrons are present in one Br - ion? A. 35 p, 35 e B. 80 p, 81 e C. 35 p, 34 e D. 35 p, 36 e E. 80 p, 34 e 21. Which of these pairs of elements would be most likely to form an ionic compound? A. P and Br B. Cu and K C. C and O D. O and Zn E. Al and Rb 22. Which pair of elements would be most likely to form an ionic compound? A. P and Br B. Zn and K C. F and Al D. C and S E. Al and Rb 23. What is the formula for the ionic compound formed by calcium ions and nitrate ions? A. Ca 3 N 2 B. Ca(NO 3 ) 2 C. Ca 2 NO 3 D. Ca 2 NO 2 E. CaNO 3 Page 4
5 24. What is the formula for the ionic compound formed by calcium and selenium? A. CaSe B. Ca 2 Se C. CaSe 2 D. Ca 3 Se E. CaSe What is the formula for the ionic compound formed by magnesium and iodine? A. MgI B. Mg 2 I C. MgI 2 D. MgI 3 E. Mg 3 I 26. What is the formula for the binary compound formed by potassium and nitrogen? A. KN B. K 2 N C. NK 2 D. K 3 N E. NK Which is the correct formula for copper(ii) phosphate? A. Cu 2 PO 4 B. Cu 3 (PO 4 ) 2 C. Cu 2 PO 3 D. Cu(PO 4 ) 2 E. Cu(PO 3 ) The chemical name for ClO 3 - is "chlorate ion". Therefore, the name of HClO 3 is A. hydrochloric acid. B. chloroform. C. hydrogen trioxychloride. D. chlorous acid. E. chloric acid. 29. The chemical name for ClO 2 - is "chlorite ion". Therefore, the name of HClO 2 is A. hydrochloric acid. B. chloroform. C. hydrogen dioxychloride. D. chlorous acid. E. chloric acid. Page 5
6 30. Which of these choices is the formula for hydrobromic acid? A. KBr B. HBr C. HBrO D. HBrO 2 E. HBrO The formula for calcium phosphate is A. CaPO 4. B. Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2. C. Ca 2 (PO 4 ) 3. D. Ca 3 P 2. E. Ca 3 (PO 3 ) The formula for magnesium sulfate is A. MnS. B. MgS. C. MnSO 3. D. MgSO 4. E. MnSO The formula for sodium sulfide is A. NaS. B. K 2 S. C. NaS 2. D. Na 2 S. E. SeS. 34. The correct name for NH 4 NO 3 is A. ammonium nitrate. B. ammonium nitrogen trioxide. C. ammonia nitrogen oxide. D. hydrogen nitrogen oxide. E. hydrogen nitrate. 35. The correct name for Ba(OH) 2 is A. barium hydrogen oxide. B. boron hydroxide. C. barium hydrate. D. beryllium hydroxide. E. barium hydroxide. Page 6
7 36. The correct name for KHCO 3 is A. calcium bicarbonate. B. calcium carbonate. C. potassium carbonate. D. calcium hydrogen carbon trioxide. E. potassium hydrogen carbonate. 37. The Stock system name for Mn 2 O 7 is A. dimanganese heptaoxide. B. magnesium oxide. C. manganese(vii) oxide. D. manganese(ii) oxide. E. manganese(iii) oxide. 38. The Stock system name for As 2 S 5 is A. arsenic(v) sulfide. B. diarsenic pentasulfide. C. arsenic(iii) sulfide. D. arsenic(v) sulfate. E. diarsenic sulfate. 39. Consistent with vanadium being a transition metal, the name for VSO 4 should be A. vanadium sulfide. B. vanadium (I) sulfite. C. vanadium (I) sulfate. D. vanadium (II) sulfate. E. vanadium sulfur tetraoxide. 40. Which is the correct formula for lead(iv) chloride? A. Pb 4 Cl B. PbCl 2 C. PbCl 3 D. PbCl 4 E. Pb 2 Cl The chemical formula for iron(ii) nitrate is A. Fe 2 (NO 3 ) 3. B. Ir(NO 2 ) 2. C. Fe 2 N 3. D. Fe(NO 3 ) 2. E. Fe(NO 2 ) 2. Page 7
8 42. The Stock system name for CrSO 3 is A. chromium sulfide. B. chromium(ii) sulfite. C. chromium(ii) sulfate. D. chromium(iii) sulfite. E. chromium sulfur oxide. 43. The Stock system name for CrO 3 is A. chromium oxide. B. chromium(ii) oxide. C. chromium(iii) trioxide. D. chromium(iii) oxide. E. chromium(vi) oxide. 44. The Stock system name for Cr 2 O 3 is A. chromium(iii) oxide. B. dichromium trioxide. C. chromium(vi) oxide. D. chromium trioxide. E. chromium(ii) oxide. 45. The mineral pyrolusite is a compound of manganese-55 and oxygen-16. If 63% of the mass of pyrolusite is due to manganese, what is the empirical formula of pyrolusite? A. MnO B. Mn 2 O C. Mn 2 O 2 D. MnO 2 E. none of these 46. The mineral manganosite is a compound of manganese-55 and oxygen-16. If 77% of the mass of manganosite is due to manganese, what is the empirical formula of manganosite? A. MnO B. Mn 2 O C. Mn 2 O 2 D. MnO 2 E. none of these Page 8
9 47. The mineral hausmannite is a compound of manganese-55 and oxygen-16. If 72% of the mass of hausmannite is due to manganese, what is the empirical formula of hausmannite? A. MnO B. Mn 3 O C. Mn 3 O 4 D. Mn 4 O 3 E. MnO The total number of electrons present in a sulfate ion is A. 2. B. 26. C. 32. D. 48. E The total number of electrons present in a molecule of vanadium(iii) chloride is A. 40. B. 57. C. 74. D. 86. E The most abundant isotope of uranium is 238 U, while all naturally occurring fluorine is 19 F. A molecule of UF 6 formed from these isotopes contains A. 146 neutrons. B. 152 neutrons. C. 200 neutrons. D. 206 neutrons. E. 352 neutrons. 51. A commonly occurring isotope of tin is tin-118, while most oxygen occurs in nature as oxygen-16. A molecule of tin(iv) oxide formed from these isotopes contains A. 66 neutrons. B. 84 neutrons. C. 76 neutrons. D. 58 neutrons. E. 150 neutrons. Page 9
10 52. Zircon is a mineral with the empirical formula ZrSiO 4. If all the zirconium is 90 Zr, all the silicon is 28 Si, and all the oxygen is 16 O, what mass of oxygen is present in 10. g of zircon? A g B. 1.2 g C. 1.8 g D. 3.5 g E. 5.4 g 53. The mineral orpiment, having the empirical formula As 2 S 3, was used in ancient times as a cosmetic. What mass of arsenic is present in 5.0 g of orpiment? [Given: naturally occurring arsenic is all arsenic-75; assume that all naturally occurring sulfur is sulfur-32 (only approximately true)] A g B. 3.0 g C. 1.5 g D. 2.0 g E. 3.5 g 54. Which of these elements is chemically similar to magnesium? A. sulfur B. calcium C. iron D. nickel E. potassium 55. Which of these elements is chemically similar to oxygen? A. sulfur B. calcium C. iron D. nickel E. sodium 56. Which of these elements is chemically similar to potassium? A. calcium B. arsenic C. phosphorus D. cerium E. cesium Page 10
11 Chapter 2 Atoms Molecules and Ions Key 1.D 2.C 3.E 4.A 5.B 6.B 7.E 8.A 9.A 10.E 11.B 12.B 13.C 14.A 15.C 16.C 17.D 18.A 19.D 20.D 21.D 22.C 23.B 24.A 25.C 26.D 27.B 28.E 29.D 30.B 31.B 32.D 33.D 34.A 35.E 36.E 37.C 38.A 39.D 40.D 41.D 42.B 43.E 44.A 45.D 46.A 47.C 48.E 49.C 50.D 51.B 52.D 53.B 54.B 55.A 56.E Page 11
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