GAS QUALITY CHALLENGES TO SUPPORT DEVELOPING OF NATURAL GAS AS FUEL FOR VEHICLES IN INDONESIA

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1 GAS QUALITY CHALLENGES TO SUPPORT DEVELOPING OF NATURAL GAS AS FUEL FOR VEHICLES IN INDONESIA by EDI WIBOWO and YUSEP K. CARYANA Research and Development Centre for Oil and Gas Technology LEMIGAS Jakarta 12230, Indonesia. Phone/Fax.: @lemigas.esdm.go.id, THE 5 th ASIAN PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY SYMPOSIUM FUEL QUALITY IMPROVEMENT & TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT January 2007 Jakarta,, Indonesia

: 6221 217398276 Email: ediw@lemigas.esdm.go.id, yusepk@lemigas.esdm.go.id @lemigas.esdm.go.id, ed_bowo@plasa.

2 OUTLINE INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVE GAS QUALITY PARAMETER FOR VEHICLES CURRENT CNG SPECIFICATION CURRENT CNG QUALITY ANALYSIS PROPOSE CNG SPECIFICATION POLICY TOIMPROVE GAS QUALITY CONCLUSION 2

3 INTRODUCTION Since the middle of 2005, the government of Indonesia has policy and regulation to develop the use of alternative fuel such as coal, natural gas, green fuel to reduce Indonesia s s demand of refined petroleum product. As we knew that since 2002, this country was a net importer of petroleum fuel products. Natural Gas as commercial fuel for motor vehicles has been used in Indonesia since 1989, at the present there are 11 Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Filling Station have been operating with amount of 600 vehicles and 50 buses uses this fuel. 3

As we knew that since 2002, this country was a net importer of petroleum fuel products.

4 INTRODUCTION The scope of the blue skies program in transportation sector are: BLUE SKIES PROGRAM IN TRANSPORTATION SECTOR Energy Diversification Energy Diversification CNG, LPG, Etanol, Fuel Cell, Bio Diesel,etc. Cleaner Fuels Unleaded Gasoline, Low/ Ultra Low Diesel Air Pollution Prevention Equipment Catalytic converter Public Involvement Gas Exhaust Emission Reduction at Certified Workshop Government Role Ambient Air Quality Monitoring and Standard Gas Exhaust Emission Inspection Fuel Quality Monitoring Program 4

Cleaner Fuels Unleaded Gasoline, Low/ Ultra Low Diesel Air Pollution Prevention Equipment Catalytic converter Public Involvement

5 INTRODUCTION The other hand, since 1995 to 2005 there were 15 accident CNG vehicles explosion which still have not been know its cause. Some reason said this was caused of lack on installation that did not refer to standard and procedure, the other reason this was caused of the low of quality of CNG, which can increase the corrosion and cracking to cylinder that have caused the explosion. For that problem, to support developing natural gas as fuel for vehicles that its has been declared as national program in May 2006, GAS QUALITY SHOULD BE DESIGNED TO SUPPORT THIS PROGRAM AND HAS GUARANTEE TO ALL USERS. 5

quality of CNG, which can increase the corrosion and cracking to cylinder that have caused the explosion.

6 OBJECTIVE Provide description of the present characteristic of natural gas that be used as fuel for vehicle, current Indonesia s specification of natural gas for vehicles and the future natural gas quality that be expected and how to achieve 6

Indonesia s specification of natural gas for vehicles and

7 NATURAL GAS AS FUEL FOR VEHICLES Natural gas as fuel for vehicles its usually called CNG is the natural gas that has been purified and compressed at the elevated pressure up to 200 bars (2900 Psi). Generally, it contains two major components i.e. methane (CH 4 ) and ethane (C 2 H 8 ). To provide guarantee that the quality of natural gas for CNG motor vehicles is safely for infrastructure and installation equipment at the filling station and motor vehicles, it needed the standard or specification of this fuel. 7

To provide guarantee that the quality of natural gas for CNG motor vehicles is safely for infrastructure and installation

8 GAS QUALITY PARAMETER AS FUEL FOR VEHICLES The parameter are: Component Hydrocarbon (C 1 to C 6 +), Gas Inert (CO 2, O 2, N 2 ), Acid Gas Content, Mercury, Water Content, Heating Value, Relative Density, Wobbe Index, Odor, Particle content. 8

O 2, N 2 ), Acid Gas Content, Mercury, Water Content,

9 CURRENT CNG SPECIFICATION Base on : The decree of Oil and Gas Director General Number 10K/34/DDJM/1993, Dated February 1,1993. Parameter C1 + C2 C3 C4 C5 N2 H2S Hg (Mercury) O2 H2O CO2 Relative density at 28 C Calorific Value at 15 C, 1 atm Unit %Vol. %Vol. %Vol. %Vol. %Vol. ppm Vol. ppb Vol %Vol. %Vol. %Vol. Kj/ Kg Limit Test Methode Min. Max. ASTM Other , D 1945 D 1945 D 1945 D 1945 D 1945 D 2385 D 1945 D 1945 AAS Gravimetri 9

Parameter C1 + C2 C3 C4 C5 N2 H2S Hg (Mercury) O2 H2O CO2 Relative density at 28 C Calorific Value at 15 C, 1 atm Unit

10 CURRENT CNG SPECIFICATION CNG Specification from Other Country 10

11 CURRENT CNG ANALYSIS 30.0 Water Content Analysis P = P = 2000 Water Content (Lb/MMSCF) P = 1500 P = 1000 P = 500 Before Compressor Indo CNG Spec Natural Gas Measurement and Control CNG FS 1 CNG FS 2 CNG FS 3 CNG FS 4 CNG FS 5 CNG FS 6 CNG Filling Station 11

00 P = 1500 P = 1000 P = 500 Before Compressor Indo CNG Spec Natural Gas Measurement and

12 CURRENT CNG ANALYSIS C3 and Heavier Analysis C3 and Heavier 13.0 C3 and Heavier (% Mol) Ind CNG Spec (C3 s/d C5) CNG OEMS Spec (C3 and higher) US CNG Spec (C3 and higher) CNG FS 1 CNG FS 2 CNG FS 3 CNG FS 4 CNG FS 5 CNG FS 6 CNG Filling Station 12

5810 Ind CNG Spec (C3 s/d C5) CNG OEMS Spec (C3 and higher) US CNG Spec (C3 and

13 CURRENT CNG ANALYSIS CO2 Analysis CO2 Analysis Ind CNG Spec US CNG Spec 6.78 CO 2 (% Mol) CNG FS 1 CNG FS 2 CNG FS 3 CNG FS 4 CNG FS 5 CNG FS 6 CNG Filling Station 13

78 CO 2 (% Mol) 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 4.45 4.59 4.78 5.

14 CURRENT NATURAL GAS ANALYSIS FROM GATHERING STATION Water Content Analysis lb/mmscf Station) 1 Station) 2 Station) 3 Station) 4 Sample location Station) 5 Station) 6 14

15 CURRENT NATURAL GAS ANALYSIS FROM GATHERING STATION C3 and Heavier Analysis % vol Station) 1 Station) 2 Station) 3 Station) 4 Sample location at Gathering Station Station) 5 Station) 6 15

16 CURRENT NATURAL GAS ANALYSIS FROM GATHERING STATION CO2 Analysis % vol Station) 1 Station) 2 Station) 3 Station) 4 Sample location Station) 5 Station) 6 16

17 PROPOSE CNG SPECIFICATION CRITICAL PARAMETER OF CNG QUALITY SHOULD BE IMPROVED ARE: THE PARAMETER THAT CAN CAUSE INCREASE CORROSION ON CYLINDER SUCH AS: WATER CONTENT : FROM 16 LB/MMSCF TO < 3 LB/MMSCF PROPANA AND HEAVIER : FROM 13 % VOL TO < 6.5% VOL THE PARAMETER THAT CAN IMPACT TO SAFETY, SUCH AS : ODORANT, SHOULD BE ADDED TO GAS FOR CNG PARTICLE, SHOULD BE LIMITTED OR MINIMIZED 17

LB/MMSCF TO < 3 LB/MMSCF PROPANA AND HEAVIER : FROM 13 % VOL TO < 6.

18 PROPOSE CNG SPECIFICATION Parameter Unit Limit value Minimum Maximum 1. Component Methane (C 1 ) % vol 77 Ethane (C 2 ) % vol 8,0 Propane (C 3 ) % vol 4,0 Butane (C 4 ) % vol 1,0 Pentane (C 5 ) % vol 1,0 Hexane (C 6 +) % vol 0,5 N 2 % vol 3,0 O 2 % vol 0,1 CO 2 % vol 5,0 Hg ppb vol 9,0 H 2 O lb/mmscf 3,0 H 2 S ppm vol Relative Density, at 0,56 0,85 15 ºC 3. Heating Value at 15 º C BTU/ft and 1 atm 4. Wobbe Index BTU/ft Particle CNG should not contain dirt, sand, dirt, rubber, oil or other objects of which can danger to equipments in the CNG Filling Station and its installation of gas fuel system. 6. Odor CNG should be odored 18

3,0 O 2 % vol 0,1 CO 2 % vol 5,0 Hg ppb vol 9,0 H 2 O lb/mmscf 3,0 H 2 S ppm vol 10 2. Relative Density, at 0,56 0,85 15 ºC 3.

19 HOW TO IMPROVE GAS QUALITY TO ACHIVE GAS QUALITY FOR CNG VEHICLE, WHICH CAN GUARANTEE THE SAFETY TO USE THIS FUEL SOME POLICY SHOULD BE DONE SUCH AS: ALL CNG FILLING STATION SHOULD INSTALL THE GAS DRYER SYSTEM TO REDUCE WATER CONTENT. GAS WHICH DISTRIBUTE TO CNG FILLING STATION SHOULD HAVE STANDARD PARAMETER AND BE ODORED. COMPRESSOR ON THE CNG FILLING STATION SHOULD BE FILTERED TO REDUCED OIL CARRIER FORM COMPRESSOR AND PIPELINE TO DISPENSER NOZZLE. 19

CONTENT. GAS WHICH DISTRIBUTE TO CNG FILLING STATION SHOULD HAVE STANDARD PARAMETER AND BE ODORED.

20 CONCLUSION With the policy from government to reduce subsidy of oil price, and there is the significant different price of CNG and Oil will make interesting the investor and owner of vehicles to convert the oil fuel supply system of their vehicles to CNG fuel supply system. Critical parameter of CNG quality should be improved are: Water Content, Propane and Heavier, By increasing gas quality of CNG, the consumer will be guarantee to use this fuel safely. 20

of their vehicles to CNG fuel supply system.

21 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION 21

COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CNG) UTILIZATION POLICY TO IMPROVE URBAN AIR QUALITY by EDI WIBOWO and YUSEP K. CARYANA

COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CNG) UTILIZATION POLICY TO IMPROVE URBAN AIR QUALITY by EDI WIBOWO and YUSEP K. CARYANA Research and Development Centre for Oil and Gas Technology LEMIGAS Jakarta 12230, Indonesia.