Naval Safety Supervisor

Transcription

1 NAVEDTRA Nava Education and June 1993 Training Manua Training Command 0502-LP (TRAMAN) Nava Safety Supervisor DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: Approved for pubic reease; distribution is unimited. Nonfedera government personne wanting a copy of this document must use the purchasing instructions on the inside cover. 0502LP

2 Athough the words he, him, and his are used sparingy in this manua to enhance communication, they are not intended to be gender driven nor to affront or discriminate against anyone reading this text. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: Approved for pubic reease; distribution is unimited. Nonfedera government personne wanting a copy of this document must write to Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, DC OR Commanding Officer, Nava Pubications and Forms Directorate, Navy Aviation Suppy Office, 5801 Tabor Avenue, Phiadephia, PA , Attention: Cash Saes for price and avaiabiity.

3 NAVAL SAFETY SUPERVISOR NAVEDTRA Edition Prepared by LCDR Charene D. Brassington CWO Denise A. Dentin DSC Efrain C. Espiritu

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5 PREFACE This training manua (TRAMAN) and the accompanying nonresident training course (NRTC) are designed to give basic guidance to personne stationed ashore and afoat who are assigned to safety biets. The accompanying NRTC is designed for individua study and not forma cassroom instruction. This TRAMAN provides information that reates to the duties of the safety officer, safety supervisor, and safety petty officer. The set of assignments in the NRTC provides supporting questions deveoped to emphasize the key points covered in the manua. Chapters 1 through 9 discuss duties reated to safety, and chapters 10 and 11 discuss off-duty mishap prevention. This TRAMAN and NRTC were prepared by the Nava Education and Training Program Management Support Activity, Pensacoa, Forida, for the Chief of Nava Education and Training. Technica assistance was provided by the Nava Safety Center, Norfok, Virginia. This manua repaces NAVEDTRA Edition Stock Ordering No LP Pubished by NAVAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING PROGRAM MANAGEMENT SUPPORT ACTIVITY UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON, D.C.: 1993 i

6 THE UNITED STATES NAVY GUARDIAN OF OUR COUNTRY The United States Navy is responsibe for maintaining contro of the sea and is a ready force on watch at home and overseas, capabe of strong action to preserve the peace or of instant offensive action to win in war. It is upon the maintenance of this contro that our country s gorious future depends; the United States Navy exists to make it so. WE SERVE WITH HONOR Tradition, vaor, and victory are the Navy s heritage from the past. To these may be added dedication, discipine, and vigiance as the watchwords of the present and the future. At home or on distant stations as we serve with pride, confident in the respect of our country, our shipmates, and our famiies. Our responsibiities sober us; our adversities strengthen us. Service to God and Country is our specia priviege. We serve with honor. THE FUTURE OF THE NAVY The Navy wi aways empoy new weapons, new techniques, and greater power to protect and defend the United States on the sea, under the sea, and in the air. Now and in the future, contro of the sea gives the United States her greatest advantage for the maintenance of peace and for victory in war. Mobiity, surprise, dispersa, and offensive power are the keynotes of the new Navy. The roots of the Navy ie in a strong beief in the future, in continued dedication to our tasks, and in refection on our heritage from the past. Never have our opportunities and our responsibiities been greater. ii

7 CONTENTS Chapter Page Deveopment of the Navy Safety Program Safety Program Promotion and Attitudes Mishap Causes, Prevention, and Hazard Abatemen Mishap Investigation Fundamentas Navy Occupationa Safety and Heath Program Fundamentas Shore Safety Afoat Safety Nava Aviation Safety Exposives Safety Traffic Safety Recreation, Athetics, and Home Safety APPENDIX I. References AI-1 INDEX INDEX-1 iii

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9 CHAPTER 1 DEVELOPMENT OF THE NAVY SAFETY PROGRAM We designed this training manua to hep acquaint you with the Navy s safety and occupationa heath programs, their setup, management, and supervision. In addition to the Navy Occupationa Safety and Heath (NAVOSH) Program, we wi discuss the Shore Safety Program, the Afoat Safety Program, the Aviation Safety Program, and your duties as a nava safety supervisor. We have provided the appropriate references for specific safety standards throughout this manua and various safety terms and acronyms. You wi aso find information on the foowing program eements: Safety program promotion and attitudes Mishap causes and prevention Mishap investigation and reporting Safety program evauation NAVOSH Program eements Traffic safety Exposives safety Athetic, recreation, and home safety programs In this chapter, we cover the history and deveopment of the Navy Occupationa Safety and Heath Program and its current organization. We aso describe the roe of safety supervisors, their responsibiities, and the criteria for their seection as safety supervisors. HISTORY OF NAVY SAFETY PROGRAM As your empoyer, the Navy is obigated by aw to provide you with a safe and heathy work environment. Shipboard ife, shipyard industria activities, and aviation maintenance areas, especiay, are inherenty dangerous. We must keep our crewmembers, as we as civiian workers, heathy and ready to perform their missions. The Navy has conducted safety and occupationa heath programs for many years. Historicay, genera and off-duty safety has been an eement of the overa Navy safety program managed by Navy ine functions. The Bureau of Medicine and Surgery (BUMED) conducts the occupationa heath program eement. The foowing is a brief isting of the miestones in the Navy s safety program: 1917 Safety engineers were assigned to each nava shipyard Safety programs for civiian empoyees were introduced at a nava activities Enisted personne on shore duty were incuded in safety programs The Navy Department Safety Counci was organized under the Director of Safety of the Office of Industria Reations (OIR). Its origina mission was to coordinate safety procedures and to provide communications between the bureau safety engineers and the technica staff of the OIR safety branch. In 1967, the counci s mission was expanded to incude the deveopment and maintenance of the U.S. Navy Safety Precautions Manua, OPNAV 34P The transition from propeer to jet aircraft heped the Secretary of the Navy (SECNAV) to estabish the Nava Aviation Safety Counci. In 1955 the name was changed to the Nava Aviation Safety Center The Navy was shaken by the sudden oss of the USS Thresher (SSN-593), in which 129 saiors were ost. The Navy convened a court of inquiry to examine the circumstances eading up to and surrounding the incident. The court s findings resuted in the creation of the Submarine Safety Program (SUBSAFE). 1-1

10 1963-Cont. Its purpose was to impose high standards of quaity contro on submarine construction and operations. In 1964 the Chief of Nava Operations (CNO) estabished the Submarine Safety Center at the submarine base in New London, Connecticut, to examine and coordinate a matters of submarine safety SECNAV tasked CNO with reviewing the entire Navy Safety Program after a series of fires, coisions, and other mishaps invoving surface ships resuted in more than 200 deaths and $100 miion in damages. On 3 May 1968, as a resut of the CNO s findings, SECNAV estabished the Nava Safety Center The Occupationa Safety and Heath Act (OSHA) of 1970 became aw The Commander, Nava Safety Center, was designated as the CNO s Safety Coordinator (N09F), reporting directy to the Vice Chief of Nava Operations. This designation made the Nava Safety Center s mission more specific and a-encompassing The first Navy Occupationa Safety and Heath (NAVOSH) Program Manua, OPNAVINST C, was impemented. Safety programs gained specia prominence after passage of the Occupationa Safety and Heath Act on 31 December The primary thrust of the act was directed at the private-sector empoyer. However, section 19 of the act and severa ater Executive orders directed federa agencies to set up and maintain comprehensive and effective occupationa safety and heath programs. On 26 Juy 1971, Executive Order (EO) 11612, the Occupationa Safety and Heath Programs for Federa Empoyees, was signed. This EO stated that the federa government, as the nation s argest empoyer, has a specia obigation to set an exampe for safe and heathfu empoyment. In that regard, the head of each federa department and agency was directed to estabish an occupationa safety and heath program. Over the next 3 years, federa agencies made ony moderate progress. Congress received considerabe criticism for a perceived doube standard in occupationa safety and heath requirements between the private sector and federa agencies. As a resut, EO repaced EO in This new order more ceary defined the scope, requirements, and responsibiities of federa agency programs. In addition, EO tasked the Secretary of Labor to issue guideines designed to hep federa agencies in estabishing their programs. These guideines were issued on 9 October 1974 as Tite 29, Code of Federa Reguations, Part 1960 (29 CFR 1960), Safety and Heath Provisions for Federa Empoyees. Some critics were sti not satisfied by the actions described above. Severa federa agencies questioned the reguatory authority of the Department of the Labor guideines (29 CFR 1960). On 26 February 1980, EO 12196, Occupationa Safety and Heath programs for Federa Empoyees, superseded EO In addition, the Department of Labor guideines (29 CFR 1960) were revised on 21 October They were reissued as Basic Program Eements for Federa Empoyee Occupationa Safety and Heath Programs. During the past 10 years, the Department of Defense (DOD) has issued many directives and instructions to carry out the federa guidance outined in the above paragraphs. Prominent among those directives and instructions is the Safety and Occupationa Heath Poicy for the Department of Defense, DOD Directive This directive outines genera DOD poicy and procedures for carrying out the Occupationa Safety and Heath Act and its associated Executive order. Another prominent instruction is DOD Instruction , Department of Defense Occupationa Safety and Heath Program. This instruction provides the guidance needed to carry out the basic occupationa safety and heath program eements specified in 29 CFR. It aso provides for variances in equipment standards that are unique to the miitary. DOD Directive designates the Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Instaations and Environment) as the safety and occupationa heath officia for the Department of the Navy. He or she estabishes, maintains, and modifies safety and occupationa heath programs. These programs carry out the requirements of DOD poicy issuances and provide protection for both civiian empoyees and miitary personne. 1-2

11 SECNAVINST G, Department of the Navy Poicy for Safety, Mishap Prevention and Occupationa Heath Programs, deegates the authority for the operationa aspects of the NAVOSH Program to the Chief of Nava Operations (CNO). The CNO s responsibiity incudes issuing directives to enact program poicies and defining specific safety standards and criteria. (NAVOSH) Program Manua for Forces Afoat, OPNAVINST B. Afoat Safety Program, OPNAVINST B, directs forces afoat to use OPNAVINST B for specific safety standards. OPNAVINST Q, The Nava Aviation Safety Program, is the reference for safety within the aviation community. These instructions are discussed in ater chapters. SAFETY POLICY SAFETY IN TODAY S MODERN NAVY The Navy s poicy is to enhance operationa readiness and mission accompishment by estabishing an aggressive occupationa safety and heath program. This program reduces occupationa injuries, inesses or deaths, and materia oss or damage. It aso maintains safe and heathy working conditions for personne. The program addresses the eimination or contro of hazards that can resut in injury or death. The occupationa heath aspects concern the effects of ong-term exposures to toxic chemicas and harmfu physica agents (for exampe, noise, heat, and radiation). The occupationa heath aspects invove the monitoring and treatment of work-reated injuries and inesses as we. Each safety program, whether it concerns safety afoat, ashore, or in aviation, uses the chain of command to carry out the program. Safety programs appy to a miitary and civiian personne (incuding off-duty miitary personne). In addition to personne, the program aso appies to materia afoat and ashore, on and off nava instaations. The program requires Navy dependents and a other civiian personne whie embarked in nava ships or aircraft or whie on nava shore instaations to foow program directives. The CNO is responsibe for impementing the safety and occupationa heath programs. The argest of these programs is the NAVOSH Program. The NAVOSH Program addresses the maintenance of safe and heathfu conditions in the workpace or the occupationa environment. It appies to a Navy civiian and miitary personne and operations ashore or afoat. OPNAVINST C, Navy Occupationa Safety and Heath (NAVOSH) Program Manua, is the basic NAVOSH document used to carry out the program. It refers to both afoat and shore commands. However, many unique and specific situations are associated with forces afoat as we as the aviation community. For that reason, the NAVOSH information for forces afoat was separated into the Navy Occupationa Safety and Heath The objective of the safety program is to enhance operationa readiness by reducing the number of deaths and injuries to personne and osses and damage to materia from accidenta cause. OPNAVINST C, Standard Organization and Reguations of the U.S. Navy Before we go any further, et us define some terms you wi see throughout this chapter and book. We define safety as freedom from danger, risk, or injury. An unpanned event or a series of events that resuts in injury, death, or materia damage is a mishap. A hazard is an unsafe or a dangerous condition that may exist before a mishap occurs. We measure a hazard according to its severity and probabiity of creating a mishap. The overa objective of the NAVOSH Program is mishap prevention. If a mishap occurs, we provide for investigation of that mishap to prevent recurrence. Mishap prevention invoves identifying a hazard; evauating the hazard; and correcting, controing, or eiminating that hazard. Training is a critica eement of mishap prevention. Safety supervisors pay a critica roe in mishap prevention and hazard awareness and identification. Most mishaps are preventabe. However, through ignorance or misunderstanding, many peope have the common beief that mishaps are the inevitabe resut of unchangeabe circumstances or fate. That beief is untrue because it fais to consider the basic aw of cause and effect to which mishaps are subject. Thus, mishaps do not occur without a cause. Few mishaps are the resut of materia faiure or mafunction; most mishaps are the direct resut of some deviation from prescribed safe 1-3

12 Figure 1-1. Human error mishap statistics. 1-4

13 Figure 1-1. Human error mishap statistics Continued. operating procedures. Human error is cited as the most frequent cause of Navy mishaps (fig. 1-1). How do we keep personne and working conditions as safe as possibe? We incude safety rues in our everyday workpace. One purpose of safety rues is to remind peope of the inherent dangers of their work. Your job as a safety supervisor wi require you to identify hazards and appy appropriate or required safety rues. Training personne to observe safety precautions heps them avoid preventabe mishaps, maintain a safe work environment, and conduct mishap-free operations. Operating procedures and work methods that incude mishap prevention keep personne from being needessy exposed to injury or occupationa heath hazards. An effective safety program depends on worker cooperation and supervisor invovement. THE NAVAL SAFETY CENTER The Navy recognized the need for centraized management of a safety efforts many years ago. A singe command to dea with a Navy safety ashore and afoat evoved from the origina Nava Aviation Safety Center. With the passage of the Occupationa Safety and Heath Act (OSHA) in 1970, increased emphasis on shore and shipboard safety demanded expansion and increased awareness. Commander, Nava Safety Center (COMNAV- SAFECEN), advises and assists the CNO in promoting, monitoring, and evauating the Department of the Navy safety program. The commander advises and assists the CNO in determining safety program goas and poicies. COMNAVSAFECEN aso has the responsibiity of 1-5

14 Figure 1-2. Nava Safety Center buiding deveoping procedura guides and preparing directives to support and achieve program goas and poicies. RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE NAVAL SAFETY CENTER The Nava Safety Center (fig. 1-2), ocated in Norfok, Virginia, provides staff support to the CNO in executing the Navy safety program. The Safety Center aso provides staff support to the Deputy Chief of Nava Operations (Logistics), N4. The staff support heps N4 carry out its overa Navy safety and occupationa heath coordination responsibiities. The Safety Center supports the Nava Inspector Genera and the President of the Board of Inspection and Survey. As directed, the Nava Safety Center assists N4 in preparing and maintaining basic safety program manuas. The Safety Center does not issue Navywide safety directives. However, when requested, the staff heps the appropriate offices, commands, or agencies prepare genera or specific safety-reated operating instructions. It aso conducts safety surveys of the nava operating forces and shore commands as requested by the CNO. 1. Other functions performed by the Nava Safety Center incude: 2. Maintaining iaison with nava command bureaus, and offices to ensure knowedge of factors adversey affecting safety and to recommend remedia action 3. Maintaining iaison with other government agencies and private organizations engaged in hazard awareness 4. Maintaining a ibrary of research, technica deveopment, and surviva information 5. Maintaining and evauating mishap, occupationa iness, and hazard reports; and pubishing statistica data on mishaps 6. Providing mishap statistica research services and conducting specia anaytica studies on nava mishap data 7. Identifying human factors, inadequate maintenance techniques, deficiencies in design, insufficiency of technica pubications, and shortage of repair parts and equipage 8. Deveoping and reviewing procedures and standards for conducting mishap investigations; assisting in investigations of significant mishaps invoving nava aircraft, ships, and submarines; taking part, as requested, in 1-6

15 significant, nonaircraft mishap investigations occurring ashore Representing or sponsoring conferences, symposia, seminars, and work and study groups to further the Department of the Navy mishap prevention programs Promoting interest in mishap prevention through hazard awareness Taking part in a aspects of Navy safety education and training Providing, when directed, membership on review boards and advisory councis such as the Nava Aviation Training and Operations (NATOPS) Advisory Counci and the CNO Ammunition and Hazardous Materias Review Board (AMHAZ) Deveoping and providing a Motor Vehice Mishap Prevention Program directed to Navy personne on and off duty and a on-duty civiian personne who use government or privatey owned vehices; deveoping traffic safety training courses Managing the Individua Fight Activity Reporting System (IFARS) and maintaining fight time data for a aeronauticay designated nava officers Deveoping and administering safety award programs and recommending fina seection of winning units Reviewing and evauating seected system safety engineering requirements on new systems or major systems changes Maintaining a recognized data repository covering each dive made by U.S. Navy divers and providing information based upon anaysis of this data; conducting divers safety surveys and inspections, and pubishing information concerning diving safety to forces afoat Making appropriate and timey recommendations to the Chief of Nava Operations, Commandant of the Marine Corps, or other subordinate commands on remedia actions required in the interest of readiness through safety Uness otherwise directed, the Safety Center s responsibiities do not incude safety reated to nucear propusion and nucear weapons. The Nava Safety Center receives and anayzes a mishap and injury reports submitted by aviation, ship, submarine, and shore commands. The staff indexes this information by phase of operation, materia faiure, personne action, or cause factors. It then incorporates the information into the mechanized data bank, through which it can retrieve the mishap and injury records of any specific incident. In that way, the Nava Safety Center can monitor mishap trends and pinpoint areas requiring corrective action. Additionay, the Nava Safety Center maintains operationa or exposure data such as the Individua Fight Activity Report and the Diving Log. It uses data from those documents with mishap data to determine the significance of factors invoved in mishaps. The Nava Safety Center conducts safety surveys upon the request of a unit s commanding officer. The purpose of each survey is to identify and anayze hazards and potentia mishap situations to determine preventive action. The Nava Safety Center provides a team of officers and chief petty officers to conduct surveys. These personne are experts in their fieds, and most have been associated with mishap prevention for severa years. The survey is informa. Ony the commanding officer of the unit invoved, and not superiors in the unit s chain of command, receives the survey resuts. The Nava Safety Center enters the resuts into its data base to hep anayze and predict potentia mishap areas. It aso conducts safety surveys of high risk courses at training commands. The Nava Safety Center aso guides the incorporation of mishap prevention essons earned with new construction and conversion for shipboard improvement and system safety. The center uses the safety recommendation (SAFEREC) system, ship safety information data base, and mishap and injury reports. In addition, it uses casuaty reports (CASREPs) and maintenance data system (MDS) reports submitted according to the 3-M system. The center uses these data to recommend improvements in shipboard and system safety. SAFETY PERIODICALS PUBLISHED BY THE NAVAL SAFETY CENTER The Nava Safety Center advises and informs the operating forces, shore commands, and other 1-7

16 Figure 1-3. Nava Safety Center pubications. 1-8

17 commanders on mishap prevention through the foowing periodicas (fig. 1-3): Approach, the Nava Aviation Safety Review, is pubished monthy for the professiona benefit of a eves of nava aviation. It contains artices, commentaries, and short features about mishap prevention as we as artices about fight operations. Fathom, the Afoat Safety Review, is pubished every other month for the professiona benefit of a hands. It presents the most accurate information avaiabe on surface ship and submarine mishap prevention. Mech, the Nava Aviation Maintenance Safety Review, is pubished bimonthy for the nava aviation maintenance community. Safetyine, the Nava Safety Journa, presents information avaiabe on various shore safety subjects. These subjects incude environmenta and occupationa safety, hazardous materia, recreation, athetics, home safety, motor vehice safety, ordnance safety, and occupationa heath. Safetyine is pubished six times a year. Ships Safety Buetin contains artices on shipboard safety probems, trends, mishap briefs, and statistics. Athough it is pubished monthy, it is occasionay pubished as a specia issue on one topic. FLASH contains factua ines about submarine hazards. It is a monthy, mishap-prevention buetin that provides a summary of research from seected reports of submarine hazards. It gives advance coverage of safety-reated information. Aviation Safety Bi-Weeky Summary of aircraft mishaps provides aviation mishap briefs, statistics, discussions, and safety tips. The Nava Safety Center sends this message summary every other week. Diving Safety Lines is a mishap-prevention pubication that provides a quartery summary of research from seected reports of diving hazards. The Nava Safety Center aso sends out a biweeky message summary of mishaps. This summary can be pubished in the Pan of the Day, issued as genera information, or used as training materia. OTHER PUBLICATIONS PUBLISHED BY THE NAVAL SAFETY CENTER In addition to the periodicas isted above, the Nava Safety Center aso pubishes the foowing materias: Posters concerning the drive-safe program and genera, aviation, submarine, and surface ship safety Stickers informing peope of foreign object damage (FOD), tower signas, and other topics Safety inspection checkists Nava Safety Center advisories Summaries of mishaps Safety program management guides Safety equipment shopping guides Mishap investigation handbooks Additionay, higher authority distributes information to the operating forces through other pubications and periodicas. SAFETY CHAIN OF COMMAND The Chief of Nava Operations (Environmenta Protection, Safety, and Occupationa Heath Division), N45, sets poicy and estabishes safety standards for the NAVOSH Program. N45 carries out the poicies of the NAVOSH Program Manua, OPNAVINST C, and NAVOSH Program Manua for Forces Afoat, OPNAVINST B. N45 maintains cose iaison with other agencies within the Office of the Chief of Nava Operations (OPNAV) to provide safety and occupationa heath standards for surface ships, submarines, and aviation commands. OPNAVINST C specifies the proper chain of command and responsibiities for the NAVOSH program. Ashore and afoat, a activities, commands, commanders, commanding officers, and officers in charge must carry out an effective safety and occupationa heath program. Administrative responsibiity for safety extends from SECNAV to CNO to Commander in Chief, Atantic Feet (CINCLANTFLT) and Commander in Chief, Pacific Feet (CINCPACFLT) for shore and afoat commands. The CNO provides primary support for the NAVOSH Program. The various systems commands, the Nava Safety Center, Chief of Nava Education and Training, and the Navy s Inspector Genera provide specified support. Type commanders and afoat group and squadron commanders ensure their subordinate units carry out an effective safety and occupationa heath program. 1-9

18 Figure 1-4. Typica afoat safety organization. RESPONSIBILITIES FOR THE LOCAL SAFETY PROGRAM The chain of command manages the oca safety program, since that is a command responsibiity. Each command eve and supervisory eve has responsibiities for supervising both routine and speciaized tasks. The commander, commanding officer, or officer in charge has utimate responsibiity for safety matters within his or her unit. He or she appoints a safety officer or safety manager to hep carry out day-to-day safety-reated activities. The duty of the safety officer or safety manager is to make sure a personne understand and stricty enforce a prescribed safety precautions. Afoat, the safety organization extends from the commanding officer down to the most junior saior. Each department and division on board ship has safety program responsibiities. Ashore, athough bases and tenant commands are staffed with miitary or civiian safety professionas, the safety organization incudes every worker. AFLOAT SAFETY ORGANIZATION U.S. Navy Reguations charges commanding officers with absoute responsibiity for the safety, we-being, and efficiency of their commands. The surface ship or submarine safety officer reports directy to the commanding officer on safety matters. The safety officer reports to the executive officer about administrative matters. The safety officer assignment may be a primary or coatera duty, depending on the type of ship and its size. The commanding officer assigns a coatera duty safety officer on a submarines and surface ships with a crew of ess than 500 personne. A aircraft carriers; amphibious assaut ships genera purpose (LHA), mutipurpose (LHD), and heicopter (LPH); and fast combat support ships (AOEs) assign a ine officer as the primary duty safety officer. Repair ships (ARs), destroyer tenders (ADs), and submarine tenders (AS) assign an industria hygiene officer as the primary duty safety officer. Aircraft carriers both mutipurpose (CVs) and nucear propusion (CVNs) assign an industria hygiene officer as the assistant safety officer. Readiness groups and squadrons serve in a primary duty biet as the staff safety officer. 1-10

19 Whether a safety officer assignment is a primary or coatera duty, it shoud not be taken ighty. The assigned safety officer shoud be of department-head status and have the seniority to get the job done. Safety petty officers assigned to assist the safety officer must be E-5 or above. Figure 1-4 shows a typica afoat safety organization. The safety officer, guided by the commanding officer, formuates and manages a safety program. The guideines stated in OPNAVINST B and OPNAVINST B are the basis for the program. The safety officer checks the crew s activities and provides the coordination for keeping the program viabe and visibe to a hands. The chain of command, which incudes department and division safety officers, division safety petty officers, the master-at-arms (MAA) force, and the medica department, monitors the safety program. It informs the commanding officer of the command s progress in reaching mishap prevention goas and of the safety program s effectiveness. For exampe, under the guidance of the safety officer, safety organization personne accompish the foowing: o Monitor mishap prevention standards by investigating a mishaps and near mishaps Evauate the effectiveness of the safety program by anayzing interna and externa reports incuding CASREPSs; binnace ists; safety reated messages; mishap and near mishap investigations; and various surveys, inspections, and zone inspections Coordinate distribution of safety information incuding essons earned from officia and nonofficia sources Coordinate shipboard training in genera mishap prevention, especiay for newy reported personne Ensure commands prepare and submit occupationa injury and iness reports to NAVSAFECEN based on OPNAVINST B Perform trend anaysis of injury and iness data Foow-up on reports of unsafe and unheathfu conditions as specified in OPNAVINST B Track corrective action on safety and heath items Maintain iaison with other commands and NAVSAFECEN in matters of mishap prevention Coordinate traffic and motor vehice safety training Coordinate recreationa and off-duty safety training The commanding officer ensures personne are instructed and dried in appicabe safety precautions and requires the posting of adequate warning signs in dangerous areas. He or she then estabishes a force to see that the precautions are being observed. The Safety Officer The safety officer is assigned administrativey to the executive officer. However, the safety officer has direct access to the commanding officer in matters of safety. Normay, the safety officer has department-head status and seniority and is responsibe for carrying out a comprehensive safety program. Objectives estabished by the commanding officer serve as the basis for this program. OPNAVINST B and OPNAVINST B outine the duties and responsibiities of the safety officer. The safety officer s responsibiities incude the foowing: Acting as the principa advisor to the commanding officer on shipboard safety matters Promoting maximum cooperation in safety matters at a eves Ensuring wide distribution of safety information Monitoring the submission of required safety reports to ensure accuracy and timeiness Maintaining appropriate safety records and statistics Ensuring the program is evauated and monitored Participating in mishap investigations and protecting mishap site evidence for mishap investigation boards Serving as the senior member of the Enisted Safety Committee Serving as recorder for the Safety Counci The safety officer works with a department heads and division safety officers and petty officers in carrying out the safety program in their areas. 1-11

20 Department Heads The department head is the designated department safety officer. He or she coordinates the department safety program with the command safety officer. The department safety officer acts as a point of contact for coordinating and evauating the ship s safety program. Further, the department safety officer ensures the correction of a hazardous conditions reveaed by safety hazard reports. He or she maintains records of mishaps, safety hazards, and safety training within the department and maintains direct iaison with the unit safety officer. The department head is aso a member of the Safety Counci. Division Officers Each division officer is assigned as the division safety officer. He or she advises the department safety officer on the status of the safety program within the division. That incudes the status of any safety-reated item reveaed through the 3-M Systems. An exampe woud be noncompiance with or a deficiency in the panned maintenance system (PMS). He or she aso advises the department safety officer of any safety training needs within the division and ensures that assigned personne are propery trained for their biet. The division officer appoints an E-5 or above to serve as the division safety petty officer. Division Safety Petty Officers The division safety petty officer must become thoroughy famiiar with a safety directives and precautions that appy to his or her division. He or she conducts assigned division mishap prevention training and maintains appropriate records. The division safety petty officer assists in safety investigations as directed and makes recommendations about the safety program. Further, the safety petty officer heps the division officer execute safety duties. He or she acts as the technica advisor on matters of mishap prevention within the division. The division safety petty officer is the division s representative to the Enisted Safety Committee. Submarines are not required to assign division safety petty officers. A shipboard safety petty officers must compete the division safety petty officer s Watchstation section of the Personne Quaification Standard (PQS) Safety Programs Afoat, NAVEDTRA A, within 6 months of assignment. At east 50 percent of the ship s safety petty officers must aso attend the Safety Program Afoat course, J Medica Department Representative The medica department representative provides direct support to the ship s NAVOSH Program. He or she provides or schedues medica surveiance services, such as hearing tests; arranges for outside industria hygiene assistance; and maintains occupationa heath records. The medica department representative provides the safety officer with injury reports. The Master-at-Arms/Safety Force Master-at-arms (MAA) force personne serve as the ship s safety force, assisting the safety officer in program enforcement and hazard identification. During their routine inspections, MAA personne identify and report routine hazards and carry out a system of interna reporting to focus attention on the safety program. Safety Counci The ship s Safety Counci convenes quartery to deveop recommendations for poicy in safety matters and to anayze progress of the overa safety program. The counci consists of the commanding officer or executive officer (chairperson), the unit safety officer (recorder), and safety representatives from each department. The safety officer may prepare an agenda for the chairperson s issuance before each meeting. This information shoud show the extent of any probems and suggested approaches to resoving the probems. The counci reviews reports from the medica department representative and statistics compied by the safety officer. In addition, it reviews inspection reports and safety-reated directives and messages from higher authority. The safety counci aso performs the foowing duties: Reviews statistics compied by the safety officer from mishap/near mishap reports, inspection reports, and other information Directs action to be taken to correct identified unsafe or unheathfu conditions Evauates the ship s NAVOSH Program Reviews issues and recommendations submitted by the Enisted Safety Committee The safety officer keeps records of the Safety Counci meetings and issues the minutes. 1-12

21 Enisted Safety Committee The Enisted Safety Committee makes recommendations about the command s safety program to the Safety Counci. The safety committee convenes to exchange information; improve communications; review conditions, mishaps, and injuries; and suggest improvements. It makes written safety recommendations to the Safety Counci and the commanding officer. These meetings convene at east quartery to enhance interdepartmenta communication in mishap prevention at division and work center eves. Committee membership is as foows:. Command safety officer (senior member). Division safety petty officers Chief master-at-arms On sma ships, with ess than 300 crewmembers, the Enisted Safety Committee may be incorporated into the Safety Counci. Since submarines are not required to appoint safety petty officers, they are not required to have an Enisted Safety Committee. Individua Crewmembers Safety program success depends on a-hands cooperation and support. The best safety program cannot prevent mishaps if the crew does not compy with safety precautions. A hands must foow posted safety precautions, compy with safety standards, and report unsafe or unheathfu conditions. They must report injuries and materia damage immediatey to their supervisor. Safety Department Organization Ships with a primary duty safety officer wi have a safety department. This department, headed by the safety officer, may have an assistant safety officer and other safety assistants assigned. Aircraft carriers have an aviation safety officer, usuay a Commander, assigned as department head and an industria hygiene officer assigned as the assistant safety officer. A carrier may have 5 to 10 additiona safety assistants assigned, depending on its size and requirements. Large air-capabe surface ships (LHDs, LHAs, and amphibious transport docks [LPDs]) normay have a ieutenant or ieutenant commander assigned as the aviation safety officer, with one to three assistants. Tenders have an industria hygiene officer assigned as the safety officer, with one to five safety assistants. Safety department manning varies between ships. During some specia events, such as overhaus or depoyment, the ship may assign additiona personne to the safety department. SHORE ACTIVITY SAFETY ORGANIZATION The goa of any safety program is to enhance operationa readiness. We enhance this readiness by reducing the frequency and severity of on- and off-duty mishaps to personne. In addition, we must reduce the cost of materia and property damage attributed to mishap causes. How do we do that? We must instruct each person in the command on genera safety precautions. These precautions incude mishap prevention and instructions on specia hazards found in the daiy work environment. We must aso ensure continuing action and command interest in mishap prevention. Finay, we must evauate the effectiveness of the program. Echeon-Two Commands Within echeon-two commands, such as BUMED, Nava Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA), and Nava Air Systems Command (NAVAIR), authority and responsibiity for performing the staff NAVOSH functions are under a separate Occupationa Safety and Heath (OSH) office. A civiian safety professiona heads the OSH office and reports directy to the commander of the systems command. The civiian safety professiona s duties are simiar to those of the afoat safety officer in providing safety information and evauations for the staff. The OSH office may aso serve as technica advisor to the CNO on NAVOSH-reated matters. Shore Activity OSH Offices Each shore activity must estabish and staff an OSH office. The OSH manager is paced on the immediate staff of the commander, commanding officer, or director or officer in charge. The minimum requirements for a OSH offices incude the foowing: o 0 0 OSH Program management OSH reviews and inspections Deficiency abatement Consutation Investigation and reporting of mishaps 1-13

22 Empoyee hazard reports Anaysis of OSH Program effectiveness Attendance and conduction of OSH counci and committee meetings OSH training, promotion, and education Impementation of NAVOSH Program requirements, depending on industria activity at the shore command Civiian staffing is based on the number of empoyees at the shore activity and tenant commands and on the extent of industria activity. OPNAVINST C discusses this staffing. This instruction aso addresses occupationa heath medica staffing and industria hygiene support. If a number of sma bases are ocated in the same area, the OSH office may be consoidated and advise smaer commands through a services agreement. Miitary commands at a shore activity may have a coatera duty safety officer assigned. This safety officer reports directy to the commander, commanding officer, or officer in charge for safety matters. Staffs, such as type commanders and support activities, may have both a miitary and civiian assigned as safety officer and OSH manager. If you are the coatera duty safety officer for your shore command, you may be deaing with the consoidated or base OSH office on a reguar basis. You may consut the OSH manager or civiian staff of safety professionas concerning the program at your faciity. Aviation squadrons ashore have a miitary coatera or primary duty aviation safety officer assigned. That safety officer is assisted by aviation safety petty officers assigned to each division within the squadron. This safety organization remains in effect when the squadron depoys aboard ship or to remote shore stations. The base or nava air station OSH office maybe invoved in the safety program as it pertains to the squadron s hangers and faciities. Shore OSH Councis and Committees OSH councis and committees serve as sounding boards for mutipe viewpoints and interests of various groups and individuas on matters reating to the NAVOSH Program. The OSH councis and committees have three basic functions:. To create and maintain an active interest in occupationa safety and heath To serve as a means of communication regarding occupationa safety and heath To provide program assistance to commanding officers, incuding proposing poicy and program objectives The Federa Advisory Counci on Occupationa Safety and Heath (FACOSH) acts in an advisory capacity to the Secretary of Labor. The counci consists of 15 members appointed by the Secretary and incudes representatives of federa agencies and of abor organizations representing empoyees. Fied FACOSHs exist in many metropoitan areas; oca Navy officias serve on this counci. There is aso a Department of Defense (DOD) Safety and Occupationa Heath Poicy Counci and a CNO Safety and Occupationa Heath Working Group (SOHWG). OSH councis, composed of both civiian and miitary members, may be estabished at major command headquarters. At the activity eve, Navy commands estabish OSH councis, which meet at east quartery. The commanding officer or executive officer chairs these councis. Members are appointed by oca directive and incude key safety professionas, miitary and civiian. OSH office representatives from each command, miitary coatera duty safety officers, aviation safety officers, and civiian empoyee representatives may be incuded in the membership. Shore activities shoud aso organize additiona OSH committees at the supervisory or shop eve. Provisions are made for their input to the OSH counci. As a safety supervisor, you maybe invoved in the OSH committee or the OSH counci, depending on the size and function of the shore activity sponsoring the OSH counci. AVIATION SAFETY PROGRAM ORGANIZATION We wi now discuss the various responsibiities for the command aviation safety program. Commanding Officer The commanding officer of an activity appoints an aviation safety officer as specified in the Standard Organization and Reguations of the U.S. Navy, OPNAVINST C. This instruction ists the responsibiities of the command and dictates how the commanding officer shoud estabish the program within the command. 1-14

23 Aviation Safety Officer The aviation safety officer (ASO) acts as principa advisor to the commanding officer on a aviation safety matters. He or she advises and aids the commanding officer in setting up and managing a command aviation safety program. The ASO is responsibe for providing safety education throughout the command. He or she aso ensures the incorporation of safety standards and procedures into a activity functions. The ASO coordinates safety matters among the organization staff. He or she maintains appropriate aviation safety records and mishap statistics. The ASO must be a primary biet assignment. The aviation safety officer works with Quaity Assurance/Anaysis (QA/A) division personne to deveop a oca maintenance instruction (MI) or command type of instruction. The ASO and QA/A division personne investigate most mishaps/incidents and hazards in their activity. A description of the command safety organization and tasks or functions of each member of the command safety organization must be issued. The fight surgeon or wing fight surgeon serving the command is responsibe for the aeromedica aspects of the command safety program. Aviation Safety Counci If the command is a squadron, an air station, or arger, the command must form an aviation safety counci. The counci sets goas, manages assets, and reviews safety-reated recommendations. The counci keeps records of the meetings hed. Members of the counci review command pans, poicies, procedures, conditions, and instructions to make sure they are current and correct. The counci aso responds to corrective recommendations. Standing members of the counci incude ground, aviation, and aeromedica (fight surgeon) safety officers. Enisted Aviation Safety Committee Representatives from each work center and other designated activities, such as the Medica Department and Aircraft Intermediate Maintenance Department (AIMD), form the Enisted Aviation Safety Committee. The committee meets once a month to discuss safety deficiencies and to provide recommendations for improved safety practices and promotion of safety awareness. The committee keeps a record of attendance and of subjects discussed at the meetings. The commanding officer makes a timey response in writing to a recommendations of the committee. SAFETY TRAINING Training is a vita part of every effective safety program. The goa is to promote hazard awareness and to integrate safety into a unit training. An important task supervisors have is educating personne within a division. Proper safety training wi hep a hands become effective safety monitors. Remember, one person cannot ensure safe working habits and conditions. You need an a-hands effort to achieve mishap-free working conditions. The command s training program, and each departmenta training program, shoud incude a systematic approach to promote mishap prevention, both in unit and off-duty activities. Make effective use of educationa materias from outside sources. These materias incude Navy training fims, safety notes, and various pubications issued by the Nava Safety Center. Use these resources as aids in training. Dispay as many of these resources as appicabe in division workspaces. That wi increase personne interest in safety. Training in some OSH topics is mandatory, either as an indoctrination or periodicay. OPNAVINST C outines the NAVOSH training requirements for shore activities. OPNAVINST B defines indoctrination and annua NAVOSH training requirements for a ship s force. The NAVOSH Training Guide for Forces Afoat, NAVEDTRA 10074, provides onboard training materias as we as ists of training aids and forma safety courses for most required training. The safety officer or safety manager ensures safety training is conducted. Frequenty, the safety supervisor, work center supervisor, or safety petty officer conducts on-the-job or genera miitary training (GMT). If these safety professionas do not actuay conduct the safety training, they shoud at east monitor it for effectiveness. A miitary and civiian workers must be introduced to the NAVOSH Program during indoctrination. Workers are made aware of the specific hazards in their work areas and genera safety precautions. Additiona training may be required for specia evoutions such as the foowing: 1. Preparation for shipyard overhau 2. Getting under way after a ong in-port period 3. Seasona weather changes or unusua weather 4. Unusua missions or operations 1-15

24 5. Increased industria activity 6. After a serious mishap TYPES OF SAFETY TRAINING Safety training is accompished through on-the-job training, genera miitary training, indoctrination training, forma safety courses, safety standdowns, and safety surveys. The command training officer schedues required safety training, such as GMT and indoctrination. This training then becomes part of the command training pan. Safety professionas and safety supervisors must attend forma safety courses as part of their assignment. Safety standdowns consist of periods, usuay of 1 or 2 days, of intensive safety training and awareness. On-the-Job Training Training, cross-training, and quaifying for specific skis require the use of proper safety precautions. Safety precautions are a part of a standard operating procedures (SOP). By monitoring safety precautions during routine work situations, you can detect unsafe practices. Once detected, you can take immediate action by providing training to correct those practices. Monitoring of on-the-job safety practices serves as an evauation of the training provided by supervisory personne. It checks the effectiveness of training in a aspects of everyday ife aboard your command. Those aspects incude the panned maintenance system (PMS), weapons systems operations, damage contro, fire fighting, and genera housekeeping. Mishap trends aso hep target needed mishap prevention training. Genera Miitary Training Routine, shipboard genera miitary training (GMT) must incude safety topics. Aboard ship, the Panning Board for Training meets periodicay to schedue training and ship s evoutions. The safety officer must ensure safety topics, especiay the topic of required annua safety training, are incuded in the command training pan. Genera miitary training (GMT) can be accompished through video tapes, stand-up ectures, dris, or a combination of methods. Training shoud be monitored and documented. Ashore, miitary personne shoud aso receive safety topic training as part of their reguary schedued GMT. Indoctrination Training A new workers or saiors receive some type of indoctrination training to hep them become famiiar with their new job. Aboard ship, that is accompished through Indoctrination Division, Schoo-of-the-Ship, or submarine Phase I training. New worker indoctrination must incude safety topics. OPNAVINST C and OPNAVINST B require indoctrination training on the command s overa NAVOSH Program. Federa Hazard Communication Standard training is required for a shore personne who wi be in contact with hazardous materias. Aboard surface ships, indoctrination training is required on back injury prevention, gas-free engineering, eectrica safety, the tag-out program, and the radiation safety program. Forma Safety Courses A variety of forma safety courses are provided for Navy safety professionas. A safety officers and one-haf the safety petty officers assigned aboard ship must take part in forma safety training. Civiian safety managers must attend forma courses and refresher training. OPNAVINST C and OPNAVINST B provide course requirements. The Nava Safety Schoo in Norfok, Virginia, provides numerous shore safety courses. Feet Training Centers in Norfok and San Diego conduct safety supervisor and hazardous materia training. The Surface Warfare Officer Schoo in Newport, Rhode Isand, presents the Afoat Safety Officer course. Submarine training faciities in Norfok and Pear Harbor conduct the Submarine Safety Officer course. Safety Standdowns In 1989, in response to a rash of Navy mishaps, the Chief of Nava Operations caed for a Navywide safety standdown. A safety standdown is a period, usuay of 1 or 2 days, set aside for safety training, awareness, and dris. Type commander instructions require afoat units to conduct safety standdowns at east once a year, whie yeary standdowns are recommended to other units. Shore commands may aso take part in safety standdowns. A standdown may be caed any time the command notes a particuar safety probem or wants to reemphasize safety on a specific topic. For exampe, if a command has a serious mishap, it may have personne take part in a safety standdown for a morning instead of working. Personne may then review the events eading to the mishap and discuss the essons earned. 1-16