G. Cascini TRIZ: come sistematizzare la generazione di idee. Gaetano Cascini

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1 G. Cascini TRIZ: cme sistematizzare la generazine di idee Udine, 1 lugli 2010 TRIZ cme sistematizzare la generazine di idee Gaetan Cascini gaetan.cascini@plimi.it Plit. di Milan KAEMaRT grup 2/28 KAEMaRT (Knwledge Aided Engineering, Manufacturing and Related Technlgies) Established and crdinated by Prf. Umbert Cugini since Full Prfessrs, 2 Assciate Prfessrs, 3 Research Assistants, 4 Research Fellws, 12 PhD Students with backgrund in Cmputer Science, Physics, Engineering and Industrial Design (mre than 200 fellws since the rigins) Missin: t investigate new slutins fr industrial applicatins and t develp innvative methds, tls and prttypes The grup is invlved in curses at the Faculties f Industrial Engineering, Industrial Design and Management and Prductin Engineering. 1

2 G. Cascini TRIZ: cme sistematizzare la generazine di idee Gaetan Cascini shrt resume 3/ : PhD in Machine Design First acquaintance with TRIZ : Assistant Prfessr at University f Flrence 2008 nw : Assciate Prfessr at Plitecnic di Milan Past: : Funder and first President f Apeirn, the Italian TRIZ Assciatin : Vice-Chair f the IFIP 5.4 Wrking Grup (Cmputer-Aided Innvatin) : President f the Eurpean TRIZ Assciatin : Member f the MA TRIZ Presidium Currently: Member f the ETRIA Executive Bard Chair f the Cmputer-Aided Innvatin wrkgrup and Cmmunicatin Officer f the TC-5 Cmmittee (Cmputer Applicatins in Technlgy) f IFIP (Internatinal Federatin fr Infrmatin Prcessing) Authr f 80+ papers presented at Internatinal Cnferences and published in authritative Jurnals Authr f 8 patents (assignees University f Flrence, Whirlpl Eurpe, Bracc Imaging, Lgli srl, SCAM srl, Meccaniche Firentine) 4 Centr di Cmpetenza per l Innvazine Sistematica Sggetti aderenti al Centr di cmpetenza: Alintec Plitecnic di Milan Università degli Studi di Bergam Università degli Studi di Firenze Ceris-Cnr di Trin PIN Scrl Servizi didattici e scientifici per l'università di Firenze Training and caching fr TRIZ intrductin in industry: ABB SACE 2 case studies + Training + 4 pilt prjects Alenia Aermacchi Training + 2 case studies Bracc Imaging 1 pilt prject (3 Patent Applicatins) Cster Grup Training Enel 2 Training activities Philip Mrris Intertaba Training Intier Mtrl - Training Prcmac Training + 1 Extended Technlgy Frecasting + 2 case studies SACMI Training + 2 pilt prjects Tecniplast Advanced Training & Caching Whirlpl 1 pilt prject (1 Patent) Zppas Industries Training 2

3 Number f Ideas G. Cascini TRIZ: cme sistematizzare la generazine di idee Prgram & Gal 5 Gal: (TRIZ newcmers) T understand what TRIZ and Systematic Innvatin are. Get awareness f TRIZ tls and techniques. Appreciate strategic and peratinal applicatins f TRIZ. (TRIZ practitiners) Share TRIZ experiences and apprach. Prgram: Backgrund TRIZ Origins TRIZ Pstulates and Key Cncepts TRIZ Applicatins TRIZ in Industry Warnings & Suggestins Innvatin Backgrund Frm raw ideas t success prducts 6 10, Raw Ideas (Unwritten) If we knew what we were ding, it 300 Ideas Submitted wuldn t be called research, 125 Small Prjects wuld it? Albert Einstein 9 Early Stage Develpment 4 Majr Develpment Stages f New Prduct Develpment 1.7 Launches 1 Success Surce: G. Stevens and J. Burley, 3000 Raw Ideas = 1 Cmmercial Success! Research Technlgy Management, 40(3): 16-27, May-June,

4 G. Cascini TRIZ: cme sistematizzare la generazine di idee Innvatin: Main Gals & Obstacles 7 Gal: Imprve the efficiency f Innvatin Prcesses Reduce r eliminate waste f resurces (time, mney ) fr useless trials and errrs Develp ne valuable slutin is much better than many ideas t be validated Manage cmplexity f mdern systems + - Investment / Return Curve Time Prduct Maturity Obstacles: Psychlgical Inertia Trial & Errr: lack f a structured apprach Design cnflicts 8 Psychlgical Inertia Trial & Errr Yu ve gt t kiss a lt f frgs befre yu find yur princess... It is difficult t find a black cat in a dark rm especially when the cat is nt there. Slutin Space Ideal Slutins (benefits/csts) TRIZ Randm Methds Brainstrming Synectics Reframing Lateral thinking... 4

5 G. Cascini TRIZ: cme sistematizzare la generazine di idee Lack f a structured apprach: nt everywhere 9 Primary schl Prblem: Hw t distribute 50 cherries between 3 kids? Shuld yur kids slve the prblem by intuitin and/r by experience??!! Lack f a structured apprach: nt everywhere 10 Type f Prblem: arithmetic Mdel f the prblem: 50:3 Tl: divisin Mdel f the slutin: 16,666 Analysis and Abstractin General Mdel f the Prblem General Instruments General Mdel f the Slutin Slutin Generatin Slutin: distribute 16 cherries t each kid Specific Prblem Specific Slutin 5

6 G. Cascini TRIZ: cme sistematizzare la generazine di idee Lack f a structured apprach: nt everywhere 11 High Schl: What des it happen by mixing Sulfuric Acid with Calcium Hydrxide? What wuld yu suggest? Let s try and see?!? Lack f a structured apprach: nt everywhere 12 Type f prblem: chemical Mdel f the prblem: H 2 SO 4 + Ca(OH) 2 Tl: laws f chemistry, xide-reductin Mdel f the slutin: CaSO H 2 O General Mdel f the Prblem General Instruments General Mdel f the Slutin Slutin: Calcium Sulfate + Water Analysis and Abstractin Specific Prblem Specific Slutin Slutin Generatin 6

7 Requirement 2 G. Cascini TRIZ: cme sistematizzare la generazine di idee Design Cnflicts 13 Optimal slutin r cmprmise Requirement 1 TRIZ Thery f Inventive Prblem Slving 7

8 G. Cascini TRIZ: cme sistematizzare la generazine di idee Теория Решения Изобретательских Задач Thery f Inventive Prblem Slving Genrich Altshuller ( ) 15 Analysis f hundreds f thusands inventive slutins 99% f inventins use already knwn slutin principle Less than 1% are really pineering inventins Breakthrugh slutins emerge frm reslving cntradictins Inventrs and strng thinkers use patterns Creative prblem slving patterns are universal Creative ideas can be prduced in a systematic way Теория Решения Изобретательских Задач Thery f Inventive Prblem Slving The architecture f TRIZ is based n: Three Pstulates: Pstulate f Objective Laws f Systems Evlutin Pstulate f Cntradictin Pstulate f Specific Situatin Main mdels: Mdels f the prblem slving prcess Hill mdel (abstractin-embdiment) Tngs mdel (frm current situatin t ideality, barriers identificatin) Funnel mdel Descriptin f systems, prblems, slutins ENV mdel Mdel f functin Substance-Field Mdel Mdel f cntradictin System peratr (multi-screen apprach) Rund abut prblems Resurces search Instruments: ARIZ (Algrithm f Inventive Prblem Slving), main instrument f Classical TRIZ fr Nn-Typical Prblems, which integrate all thers TRIZ instruments System f Inventive Standard Slutins Pinters t Physical, Chemical, Gemetrical Effects 16 8

9 Dynamics Kinematics Static G. Cascini TRIZ: cme sistematizzare la generazine di idee Pstulate 1 Laws f Engineering Systems Evlutin 17 Laws f Technical System Evlutin 1 Law f System Cmpleteness Crllary: Cntrllability Trend f eliminatin f human invlvement frm systems Trend f increasing dynamicity 2 Law f energy cnductivity f a system 3 Law f harmnizing the rhythms f parts f the system 4 Law f increasing ideality 5 Law f uneven develpment f the parts f a system 6 Law f transitin t a supersystem Trend Mn-Bi-Ply 7 Law f Transitin frm macr t micr level 8 Law f increasing Su-Field inyteractins Cnclusins fr practice: Gd slutins are develped in accrdance with the bjective laws f system evlutin Pstulate 1 1. Law f System Cmpleteness In rder t deliver its functin, a Technical System must include, internally r externally (e.g., thrugh the cntributin f a human peratr), fur elements: - a Tl, which is the wrking element delivering the functin f the TS, i.e., exerting a certain effect n its bject; - an Engine, i.e., the element prviding the energy necessary t prduce the expected effect f the functin; - a Transmissin, i.e., the element transmitting energy frm the Engine t the Tl; - a Cntrl, i.e., an element gverning at least ne f the previus elements. 18 Envinrnment Cntrl System Envinrnment (Supply) Engine Transmissin Tl Object 9

10 G. Cascini TRIZ: cme sistematizzare la generazine di idee Pstulate Law f System Cmpleteness (crllary) Envinrnment Cntrl System Crllary: technical systems evlve by integrating all the elements f the Minimal Technical System in rder t reduce human invlvement Envinrnment (Supply) Engine Transmissin Tl Object Pstulate Law f System Cmpleteness (crllary) Envinrnment Cntrl System Envinrnment (Supply) Engine Transmissin Tl Object 10

11 Evaluatin Par. 2 G. Cascini TRIZ: cme sistematizzare la generazine di idee Pstulate 2 Cntradictins 21 System evlutin implies the reslutin f cntradictins, i.e. cnflicts between a system and its envirnment r between the cmpnents f the system itself System Requirements CP:1 CP = CONTROL PARAMETER EP: 1 EP: 2 EP1 = EVALUATION PARAMETER 1 EP2 = EVALUATION PARAMETER 2 Evaluatin Par. 1 Cnclusins fr practice: T slve a prblem we shuld first discver underlying cntradictins T achieve maximum benefits, cntradictins shuld be reslved, nt cmprmised Overcming cntradictins is a driving frce behind technlgy evlutin. Reslving cntradictins instead f cmprmising r ptimizing, results in breakthrugh slutins Pstulate 2 Cntradictins 22 Cntradictins Technical Cntd: TC1: EP1(+) EP2(-) TC2: EP2(+) EP1(-) Physical Cntd: CP = V EP1(+) EP2(-) CP = anti-v EP1(+) EP2(-) CP:1 CP = CONTROL PARAMETER EP: 1 EP: 2 EP1 = EVALUATION PARAMETER 1 EP(+) = imprves EP(-) = wrsens EP2 = EVALUATION PARAMETER 2 11

12 G. Cascini TRIZ: cme sistematizzare la generazine di idee Pstulate 2 Cntradictins Cntradictins Technical Cntd: TC1: EP1(+) EP2(-) TC2: EP2(+) EP1(-) Physical Cntd: CP = V EP1(+) EP2(-) CP = anti-v EP1(+) EP2(-) 23 Prblems frm different dmains, sharing the same cntradictin, can be slved by means f the same slving principles CP:1 CP = CONTROL PARAMETER EP: 1 EP: 2 EP1 = EVALUATION PARAMETER 1 EP(+) = imprves EP(-) = wrsens EP2 = EVALUATION PARAMETER 2 Pstulate 3 Specific situatin - Resurces 24 Each stage f evlutin f a system takes place in a specific envirnment (cntext, situatin) which influences the evlutin (transfrmatin) f the system and prvide specific resurces Spatial Resurces: - Empty space, encapsulating - Other dimensins - Shape - Size (1D, 2D, 3D) Energy Resurces: - Energy in the system - Energy frm the supersystem - Ptential energy - Dissipated energy Infrmatin Resurces: - Inherent prperties - Mbile infrmatin - Temprary infrmatin - Redundant infrmatin Time Resurces: - Parallel wrking - Preliminary actin/cunteractin - Rewrking - Frequency f actin Material Resurces: - Waste flw - Cheap materials - Substance characteristics - Vid Cnclusins fr practice: Gd slutins must (first f all) take int accunt the resurces available in the specific situatin 12

13 Structure G. Cascini TRIZ: cme sistematizzare la generazine di idee Теория Решения Изобретательских Задач Thery f Inventive Prblem Slving The architecture f TRIZ is based n: Three Pstulates: Pstulate f Objective Laws f Systems Evlutin Pstulate f Cntradictin Pstulate f Specific Situatin Main mdels: Mdels f the prblem slving prcess Hill mdel (abstractin-embdiment) Tngs mdel (frm current situatin t ideality, barriers identificatin) Funnel mdel Descriptin f systems, prblems, slutins ENV mdel Mdel f functin Substance-Field Mdel Mdel f cntradictin System peratr (multi-screen apprach) Rund abut prblems Resurces search Instruments: ARIZ (Algrithm f Inventive Prblem Slving), main instrument f Classical TRIZ fr Nn-Typical Prblems, which integrate all thers TRIZ instruments System f Inventive Standard Slutins Pinters t Physical, Chemical, Gemetrical Effects 25 5 Animatins TRIZ Histry schl/university/wrk Thery f Inventive Prblem Slving Handbk 1. Intrductin(s) 2. Laws f Engineering Systems Evlutin 3. Algrithm f Inventive Prblem Slving 4. Su-Field Analysis and System f Inventive Standards 5. Tls and Principles fr slving cntradictins Appendix (Step-by-step slved prblems) 26 Definitin: shrt definitin f the selected tpic (T); Thery: theretical aspects related t T; Mdel: cnceptual mdel and graphical representatin f T; Methd/Tl: perative instructins abut hw t use/implement T; Example: exemplary applicatin f T; Self-Assessment: exercises t assess the reader s level f understanding abut T; References: further readings abut T. 13

14 G. Cascini TRIZ: cme sistematizzare la generazine di idee TRIZ Applicatins TRIZ Applicatins 28 Inventive Prblem Slving Technical Prblems Nn-Technical Prblems Prblem Slving Trubleshting Failure Preventin Management Cnflicts New Business Cncepts Maturity Assessment Technlgy Frecasting 14

15 G. Cascini TRIZ: cme sistematizzare la generazine di idee TRIZ Applicatins Fields Prduct develpment Industrial research Scientific research Industrial strategy Nn technical applicatins 29 Wrld Wide status f TRIZ perceptins and uses (D. Cavallucci - Target: Prducts Prcesses Where: Big cmpanies Small and Medium Enterprises University 30 Exemplary case studies: innvatin & prblem slving Bracc Imaging: Methd and device fr lcalized thermal ablatin f bilgical tissue, particularly tumral tissues r the like (3 EP applicatins) Whirlpl: Lw frst chest freezer (1 EP patent) 15

16 Harmnizatin (bject segmentatin) Harmnizatin (bject segmentatin) Harmnizatin (bject segmentatin) Transitin t micr-level Transitin t micr-level Transitin t micr-level JP Transitin t micr-level JP Transitin t micr-level Transitin t micr-level Harmnizatin Harmnizatin RADIATION BASED STERILIZATION system (micrwave, gamma-rays, and X-rays) Transitin t micr-level EP B US mst surces f such radiatin ( are insufficiently intense t permit high speed sterilizatin f large areas at the dse levels f 1.5 t 4.5 megarads typically demanded fr the applicatin EP The law Harmnizatin (surface segmentatin) The law f transitin t super system (Mn-bi-ply) The law harmnizatin (asymmetry) The law Harmnizatin (gemetrical evlutin) The law f dynamics grwth, cntrllability and displacing man (dynamizatin) Nzzle with ne pening Bi-system mnf. Om 2 ugelli sterilizzanti The law f increasiing the degree f su-fi interactins Ugell cn psizine simmetrica rispett alla bttiglia Gemetry f pening: pint Nzzle with several penings Bi-system mnf.shift 1 per superfici difficili e 1 per facili Ply-system mnf. Om Più ugelli sterilizzanti The law harmnizatin (asymmetry) Ugell cn psizine parzialmente asimmetrica rispett alla bttiglia Gemetry f pening: straight line Andare avanti nell evluzine nn cmprta ulteriri benefici The law harmnizatin (crdinating rhythms) The law harmnizatin (crdinating rhythms) Nzzle with pres WO field UV Bi-system multif.het 2 transmissin che usan field diversi (es: UVlamp) Ply-system mnf. shift Più ugelli per le diverse parti della bttiglia Gemetry f pening: curved line Ugell cn psizine ttalmente asimmetrica rispett alla bttiglia Gemetry f pening: cmplex line Bi-system multif.inv 1 scalda e 1 raffredda 1 erga e 1 sciacqua Ply-system multif. Heter. Più transmissin che usan fields diversi (UV-lamp) Gemetry f pening: flat surface Partially trimming - cnvlutin Ply-system multif. inverse. Più ugelli che svlgn funzini inverse Gemetry f pening: cmplex surface Partially trimming - cnvlutin trimming - cnvlutin G. Cascini TRIZ: cme sistematizzare la generazine di idee 31 Exemplary case studies: prblem slving fr SMEs Scam: High perfrmance cnnecting rd (1 IT patent) CIVE Vetrerie Tscane: Glass msaic prductin (prcess innvatin) 32 Exemplary case studies: technlgy frecasting Prcmac: Sterilizatin technlgies fr aseptic filling POAA LASER UV system US POAA system FILLING POAA system SPRAYING 70 POAA system CONDENSING H2O2 system CHP H2O2 H2O2 system VCP NON THERMAL ELECTRON PLASMA system BEAM system ION BEAM system UV LIGHT system PULSE UV LIGHT NUCLEAR INTERACTION??? t Field me (pressure) me cntinus me Cntinus actin in saturatin me pulsating me Pulsating actin in risnance Micr-wet: WO US JP EP EP RU Field th th th Cntinus Cntinus actin in saturatin th pulsating th pulsating actin in risnance Immbile nzzle single jint nzzle Multiple jint nzzle Flexible nzzle Liquid nzzle Gas nzzle Field nzzle WO Cntrl H2O2 H2O2 system Micr-wet MICRO-WET Tl: Transmissin sterilant Supply H2O2 Tl H2O2 Transmissin: H2O2 Micr-wet nzzlemicr-wet Micr-wet Supply: pump 16

17 G. Cascini TRIZ: cme sistematizzare la generazine di idee 33 Exemplary case studies: technlgy frecasting Meccaniche Firentine: walkers TRIZ in Industry 17

18 G. Cascini TRIZ: cme sistematizzare la generazine di idee Sme cmpanies using TRIZ (at least a preliminary experience with) 35 Avn BMW Being Brden Case Caterpillar Clrx Cummin Daimler-Chrysler Datacard Delphi Dial DuPnt Electrlux Edi Lilly Frd Fujitsu General Mtrs Heidelberg Hitachi Hneywell HP IBM Intel ITT Jhnsn & Jhnsn Kimberly-Clark Kdak LG Lckheed Martin McDnnel Duglas Mtrla NASA NEC Electrnics Pfizer Pilkingtn Prcter & Gamble PSA Peuget Glaci Raythen Rckwell Rlls Ryce Samsung Sany Sara lee Shell Siemens Gillette Tyta USPO Xerx Surce: David Silverstein, Neil DeCarl, Michael Slcum TRIZ in Industry 36 18

19 G. Cascini TRIZ: cme sistematizzare la generazine di idee TRIZ in Industry TRIZ Experiences in Industry: examples 19

20 G. Cascini TRIZ: cme sistematizzare la generazine di idee 39 TRIZ Experiences in Industry: examples 40 TRIZ Experiences in Industry: examples 20

21 G. Cascini TRIZ: cme sistematizzare la generazine di idee 41 TRIZ Experiences in Industry: examples PANASONIC Warnings and Suggestins Simplified TRIZ is prbably better than nthing, but very far frm ideal!! Using the Inventive Principles as Stimuli fr brainstrming sessins has nthing t deal with TRIZ Prblem frmulatin requires repeatable mdels and prcedures Even if TRIZ learning is a lng prcess, avid using wrng prcedures and tls just because it s faster!! Is it really wrth t use the Cntradictin Matrix? Skipping a prper identificatin f the underlying cntradictins can be faster, but it s certainly useless and dangerus!! Currently available TRIZ sftware tls dn t substitute educatin Can yu avid studying Rmanian/Russian/Krean just having Wrd n yur pc?? Why d we study Maths, since we have calculatrs? 42 21

22 G. Cascini TRIZ: cme sistematizzare la generazine di idee Web Resurces 43 Web Sites: (Centr di Cmpetenza Interuniversitari) (TETRIS Prject: TEaching TRIZ at Schl) (Eurpean TRIZ Assciatin) (IFIP WG5.4 Cmputer-Aided Innvatin) (Internatinal TRIZ Assciatin) (Altshuller Institute fr TRIZ) (TRIZ jurnal) (anti Triz-Jurnal) Gaetan Cascini