EnBW, Waldaupark, Stuttgart, 12.10.2012 Power-to-Gas (P2G ): Chancen für künftige Energieversorgung und Mobilität M. Specht, U. Zuberbühler Zentrum für Sonnenenergie- und Wasserstoff-Forschung Baden-Württemberg Mit Beiträgen von: F. Baumgart, A. Brinner, B. Feigl, V. Frick, M. Löffler, S. Schwarz, B. Stürmer und:
Agenda: Power-to-Gas (P2G ) ZSW Results Goal Principle of P2G -Process Layout / Construction / Experimental Results / Development Status 25kW el Plant, 250kW el Plant,. Facts / Frame Conditions (CO 2 Resources, Economics) Conclusion
Power-to-Gas (P2G ): Ziele Verstetigung der fluktuierenden Erneuerbaren Energien Saisonale Speicherung > 1 Woche Kraftstoff für nachhaltige Mobilität Reduktion der Agrarfläche für Energiepflanzen
Long Term Storage of Renewable Energy (RE) via P2G -FAQ - Wie erfolgt die Langzeit-Energiespeicherung heute? Welche Speicherkapazität für Erneuerbare Energie wird benötigt? Was ist der beste Pfad EE herzustellen und zu speichern? Kann die bestehende Infrastruktur zur Speicherung und Verteilung genutzt werden? Umwelteinflüsse: Landverbrauch für Speicherung und Energieübertragung? Wo kommt das CO2 für das P2G-Verfahren her? Was ist der zukünftige Kraftstoff für Mobilität?
Energy Consumption and Storage Capacity in Germany (2008) Electricity Natural gas Liquid fuels 1) Consumption [TWh/a] 615 930 707 Average power [GW] 70 106 2) 81 Storage capacity [TWh] 0,04 3) 217 4) 250 5) Calculated operating range of installed storage capacity 6) [h] 0,6 2000 3100 1) Petrol, diesel, kerosene 2) Seasonally fluctuating 3) Pumped hydro storage 4) 47 Underground gas storage facilities [Landesamt für Bergbau, Energie und Geologie (LBEG), Hannover] 5) Provisioning of petrol, diesel, kerosene and heating oil 6) Related to average power Required storage capacity for electricity grid in DE: tens of TWh! Required fuel demand for mobility: hundreds of TWh!
Agenda: Power-to-Gas (P2G ) ZSW Results Goal Principle of P2G -Process Layout / Construction / Experimental Results / Development Status 25kW el Plant, 250kW el Plant,. Facts / Frame Conditions (CO 2 Resources, Economics) Conclusion
Principle of P2G : Coupling of Electrolysis, CO 2 -Source, Methanisation, and Gas Feed-in
Methanation of CO x Methanation: 3 H 2 + CO CH 4 + H 2 O ΔH R0 = -206,4 kj/mol 4 H 2 + CO 2 CH 4 + 2 H 2 O ΔH R0 = -164,9 kj/mol Shift- Reaction: H 2 O + CO H 2 + CO 2 ΔH R0 = -41,5 kj/mol
Concept of Power-to-Gas (P2G ) and Interconnection with Mobility Electricity grid Gas distribution system Wind Solar Power plant / Combined heat & power POWER GENERATION ELECTRICITY STORAGE Gas storage H 2 Electrolysis / H 2 buffer H 2 CH 4 Methanation CO 2 CO 2 CO 2 buffer CO 2 Electricity H 2 SNG Mobility Battery Electric Vehicle Fuel Cell Vehicle CNG Vehicle
Agenda: Power-to-Gas (P2G ) ZSW Results Goal Principle of P2G -Process Layout / Construction / Experimental Results / Development Status 25kW el Plant, 250kW el Plant,. Facts / Frame Conditions (CO 2 Resources, Economics) Conclusion
Power-to-Gas - Technology: Process Flow Sheet of 25kW el -P2G -Plant
25kW el -P2G -Plant: Technical Realisation for SolarFuel Company CH 4 -Filling station ca. 15 kg, 200 bar CO 2 - Recovery Electrolyser
25kW el -P2G - Container: Operation with CO 2 and at Biogas Plants with Biogas and PSA Off-Gas Beta-Anlage 2011-Anlage an Biogasanlage Werlte 2011 Morbach 2009 Alpha-Anlage Stuttgart Source: SolarFuel
Power-to-Gas - Concept: Option 1- Interconnection with Biogas Plant (via Biogas) Grid Gas distribution system Wind Solar Biomass CCPP / µ-chp POWER GENERATION ELECTRICITY STORAGE Gas storage Biogas plant Biogas CH 4 /CO 2 Electrolysis / H 2 buffer CH 4 /CO 2 buffer H 2 Biogas CH 4 /CO 2 Methanation H 2 CH 4 Heat CCPP: Combined Cycle Power Plant; µ-chp: micro Combined Heat and Power Plant
25kW el -P2G - Container: Operation with Biogas at Morbach (juwi) Biogas Plant 100 CH4 H2 CO2 O2 100 90 90 80 80 y_ch 4 [Vol-%] 70 60 50 40 30 70 60 50 40 30 y_co 2, y_h 2, y_o 2 [Vol-%] 20 20 10 10 0 0 00:00 01:00 02:00 03:00 04:00 05:00 06:00 07:00 08:00 Dauer [hh:mm]
Power-to-Gas - Concept: Option 2- Interconnection with Biogas Plant (via Off-gas) Grid Gas distribution system Wind Solar Biomass CCPP / µ-chp POWER GENERATION ELECTRICITY STORAGE Gas storage Biogas plant with Bio-CH 4 production Off-gas (CO 2 ) Electrolysis / H 2 buffer CO 2 buffer Heat H 2 CO 2 Methanation H 2 CH 4 CH 4 CCPP: Combined Cycle Power Plant; µ-chp: micro Combined Heat and Power Plant
25kW el -P2G Container (25 kw e ): Operation with Off-Gas at Werlte Biogas Plant CH4 H2 CO2 O2 Measurement of Gas Composition: Source ZSW 100 90 80 100 90 80 y_ch 4 [Vol-%] 70 60 50 40 30 70 60 50 40 30 y_co 2, y_h 2, y_o 2 [Vol-%] 20 20 10 10 0 00:00 01:00 02:00 03:00 04:00 05:00 06:00 07:00 08:00 09:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 0 Dauer [hh:mm] Gasanalysis: Source EWE AG
Goals of the Ongoing 250kW el -P2G -Project (1) Further development of P2G technology Process optimisation (efficiency, dynamics,.) Scalability of methanisation reactor Transfer of operating data: 250 kw 6 MW Transition to commercialization Start of operation: end of 2012 Co-operation partners of ZSW: Electrolysis Stacks for 250 kw e System
Goals of the Ongoing 250kW el -P2G -Project (2) Disparity in fixed bed reactor Methanation technologies in 250kW el -P2G -Project Number of fixed bed reactors Cooling agent Interstage cooling Gas recirculation Cooling Circuit H 2 O Educt Gas Gas Recirculation Cost reduction potential of electrolysis, methanation, etc. Cooling Circuit Energy-economic integration SNG
Installation of 250kWel-P2G -Plant at Gas Storage Area in Stuttgart-Vaihingen Source: http://maps.google.de
Installation of 250kW el -P2G -Plant at Gas Storage Area in Stuttgart-Vaihingen ZSW P2G Plant Facility
Installation of 250kW el -P2G -Plant at Gas Storage Area in Stuttgart-Vaihingen Methanisation Grid Connection CO 2 -Storage Recycle Gas Compressor Electrolyser Gas Storage
Electrolyser 250kW el -P2G : Plant Design
250kW el -P2G : Plant Construction Public Fund:
250kW el -P2G : Plant Construction Methanisation Recycle Gas Compressor Grid Power Station 1MW Public Fund: Electrolysis
250kWel-P2G : Plant Completion Public Fund:
250kW el -P2G : Plant Completion Public Fund:
250kW el -P2G : Final Acceptance Test of Electrolysis Technical data of the electrolysis system - measured at Final Acceptance Test: Pressure: 6 11bar a (100% load) DC-Power (max.): 280 kw at 430 ma/cm 2 H 2 production rate: 65 Nm 3 /h Gas purity: 0,11 Vol.-% H 2 ino 2 (P N ) Status of implementation: Completion: 31.05.2012 Commissioning: 22.06.2012 Final Acceptance Test (FAT): 25.06.2012 Electrolysis stack A = 1000 cm 2 i = 430 ma/cm 2 P = 80 kw max.
Schematic Diagram of a P2G - IPSEpro Simulation Settings Energy demand electrolysis: System pressure: Grid pressure: 4 kwh el /m 3 N H2 7 bar abs 16 bar abs
Simulation Result: Influence of Electrolysis Efficiency on P2G System Efficiency (Power-to-SNG) 70 65 System efficiency [%] 60 55 50 45 40 3,5 3,7 3,9 4,1 4,3 4,5 4,7 4,9 5,1 Electrolysis power requirement [kwh el /m N 3 H2 ]
SolarFuel Layout of 6000kW el -P2G - Plant in Werlte (Audi e-gas Project) Electrolysis Methanisation
Sustainable Mobility: 6000kW el -P2G - Plant in Werlte for Fueling Audi Vehicles with e-gas e-gas-project signing of contract Audi/SolarFuel at 4.11.2011
Agenda: Power-to-Gas (P2G ) ZSW Results Goal Principle of P2G -Process Layout / Construction / Experimental Results / Development Status 25kW el Plant, 250kW el Plant,. Facts / Frame Conditions (CO 2 Resources, Economics) Conclusion
Biogenic Carbon Resources for P2G Is enough biogenic carbon for P2G available?
Biogenic CO 2 (CO) Resources: via Anaerobic Digestion, Ethanol Production, Gasification Anaerobic Digestion: C 6 H 12 O 6 3 CH 4 + 3 CO 2 Ethanol Production: C 6 H 12 O 6 2 C 2 H 5 OH + 2 CO 2 Thermo-chemical Gasification: Biomass H 2, CO, CO 2
CO 2 / Carbon Potential in Germany for the Production of C-based Fuels Carbon Resource CO 2 C Biogas Plants SNG Production Potential [t/a] [t/a ] [TWh gas /a] CH 4 Gas Share 7.3 * 10 6 2.0 * 10 6 39 CO 2 Gas Share 5.1 * 10 6 1.4 * 10 6 27 Energetic Biomass Utilisation in DE today (without Biogas) 73 * 10 6 20 * 10 6 385 Non-renewable Trash 25 * 10 6 6.8 * 10 6 130 Cement / Limestone Production 17 * 10 6 4.8 * 10 6 92 CCPP/CCU 1) (or SOFC/CCU) 27 * 10 6 7.3 * 10 6 135 Fossile Power Plants 309 * 10 6 84 * 10 6 1618 CO 2 from Air unlimited 1) Direct CO 2 recycling: CCPP/CCU: Combined Cycle Power Plant / Carbon Capture and Utilisation 25 GW, 3000 h/a, η = 50 %, CO 2 retention: 90 % SNG: Substitute Natural Gas
P2G - Economics What are the costs of a P2G plant?
Cost Estimate of Electrolysis and Overall P2G -Plant /kw > 8 cent/kwh H2 (4000 h/a; without electricity costs) 4000 < 2 cent/kwh H2 (4000 h/a; without electricity costs) 2000 Goal overall plant Goal Electrolysis 1000 300 t
Agenda: Power-to-Gas (P2G ) ZSW Results Goal Principle of P2G -Process Layout / Construction / Experimental Results / Development Status 25kW el Plant, 250kW el Plant,. Facts / Frame Conditions (CO 2 Resources, Economics) Conclusion
Conclusion: Advantages of P2G - Technology Inspiriert von der Natur: P2G = künstliche Photosynthese Biomasse und Erneuerbare Energie sind ideale Partner Methan ist ein ideales Speichermedium für Erneuerbare Energie Nahezu unbegrenzte Speicherkapazität im Gasnetz mit Untergrund speichern Stabilisierung der Stromnetze (positive und negative Regelenergie) Vereinigung der Energiesektoren Strom- und Gasnetz sowie Mobilität
Thanks for your kind attention. An interesting discussion! P2G -ROADMAP