Gasförmige und flüssige synthetische Energieträger aus Biomasse Stand der Entwicklungen an der TU Wien. Hermann HOFBAUER, TU Wien

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1 Gasförmige und flüssige synthetische Energieträger aus Biomasse Stand der Entwicklungen an der TU Wien Hermann HOFBAUER, TU Wien

2 Fundamental Idea biogas plant gasification product synthesis gasification plant

3 Flowsheet of the CHP-PLANT GÜSSING Producer Cooling & Cleaning to Synthesis Plants Gasifier Flue gas Cooling &Cleaning

4 CHP-Plant Güssing with castle of Güssing Experience: hours of operation

5 CHP-PLANT GÜSSING (design data) Start of construction September 2000 Start up January 2002 Fuel 2,2 to/h (Wood chips) Water content 15 % (35 %) Fuel power 8 MW Electrical power 2 MW Thermal power 4,5 MW Electrical efficiency 25 % Total efficiency 80 % Total operation hours more than Operator Biomasse-Kraftwerk Güssing Supplier Austrian Energy / Repotec

6 Availabilities of the Güssing Plant Gasifier Gas Engine

7 Industrial Dual Fluidized Bed Steam Gasifiers Location Electricity production Fuel / Electr. MW, MWel Start up Status Güssing, AT Gas engine 8,0 / 2, operational Oberwart, AT Gas engine / ORC 8,3 / 2, operational Villach, AT Gas engine 15 / 3, operational Ulm, DE Gas engine / ORC 15 / 5, Start up

8 Dual Fluidized Bed Steam Gasification Plant Oberwart

9 Anlage Villach Inbetriebnahme Oktober 2010

10 Webcam, heute

11 Synthesis gas composition Main gas components Possible poisons H 2 % CO % CO 2 % CH 4 % ~10 C 2 H 4 % 2-3 H 2 S Org. S HCl dust ppm ppm ppm mg/nm³ ~100 ~30 ~3 < 20 tar mg/m H 2 :CO 1.5:1 bis 2:1 Optimal for synthesis gas applications

12 The basic concept for Synthetic Products Producer Gas (gas engine, gas turbine, fuel cell) Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG) Biomass Biomass Gasification FT-Fuels (FT-Diesel) Mixed Alcohols Hydrogen (Rich Gas) others

13 BIOMASS-TO TO-SYNTHETIC-NATURAL-GAS

14 Methanation (Production of Synthetic Natural Gas, BioSNG) Methanation (BioSNG) Fluidized bed reactor Temperature C Pressure 1-5 bar Capacity ~ 10 Nm³/h Catalyst Nickel CO + 3 H 2 = CH 4 + H 2 O Biomass gasification Biomass BioSNG-production

15 Flow Sheet of 1 MW BioSNG Demonstration Plant Fluegas Fluegas Treatment Wood Power Gasification Gas Cleaning Gas Engine Ash H 2 Recycle Streams Energy, Liquid & Solid Waste Gas Treatment Methanation SNG Purification Energy, Water & other Materials CO 2 + H 2 S / Heavy HC CO 2 Product (to substitute N 2 ) SNG Fueling Station Rev. 4 / DU / Bio-SNG Fuel

16 Energetic Efficiency of BioSNG Process Chain Biomass 100 % Gasifier Gas CH % Catalyst % Heat Heat

17 Gas Transformation through BioSNG-Plant Syngas after Gasifier After Gas Cleaning and Methanation After Separation Bio-SNG H 2 % ,8 CO % ,1-0,4 0,1 CO 2 % ,3 CH 4 % >C 2 % 2-4 0,1-2,0 0,7 N 2 % Sulphur ppm 100 < 0,1 n.d. H 2 0 Rel. Density GCV Wobbe Index % - kwh/m 3 kwh/m 3 H-Gas Quality η > 60 % < 0,01 0,57 10,61 14,00

18 Establishment of location Güssing as international visible platform for development & testing of synthetic biofuels Laboratory & demo plant for FT-fuels Laboratory plant for mixed alcohols Laboratory plant for hydrogen separation & PEM fuel cell Analytical devices (GC, GC-MS, tar measurements ) Folie 18 Gasifier BioSNG Demo Technikum of BE2020+ BioSNG Fuelling Station

19 Development of Bio-SNG production from Biomass PSI Test Rig Güssing Demo Plant Göteborg Energy Industrial Plant

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22 Location of Gobigas Project

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24 BIOMASS-TO TO-FISCHER-TROPSCH

25 Chemical Route to SYNTHETIC FT-FUELS Example: Fischer-Tropsch WOOD SYNTHESIS GAS CARBON CHAIN FT-PRODUCT 2 CH 2 CH 2 (C 6 H 10 O 5 ) n CO + H 2 -CH H 2 O C n H 2n+2 Carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) bound in wood C- and H- building blocks Hydrocarbon monomer -CH 2 - Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbons GASIFICATION SYNTHESIS

26 Fischer Tropsch Synthesis Fischer-Tropsch BioFiT Slurry bed reactor Temperature C Pressure bar Capacity ~ 10 Nm³/h Catalyst 2005: Iron 2006: Cobalt 2007: commercial catalyst nco + 2nH 2 = nch 2 + nh 2 O Biomass gasification Biomass BioFiT liquid fuel production

27 Distribution of FT-Raw Product 7 6 Gas Gasoline Diesel Waxes Mass-% Wachse 17% Diesel 36% Gas 12% Benzin 35% Number C-Atoms ( Chain Growth Probability: alpha = 0,85 )

28 Selected Properties of FT-Diesel Properties Unit EN 590:2004 Results of FT Diesel min max Cetane number - 51, Density at 15 o C kg/m³ Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons %(m/m) - 11 < 1 Total aromatics content %(m/m) - - < 1 Sulphur content mg/kg - 50 < 5 Flash point C >55-87 to 91 Carbon residue %(m/m) - 0,30 < 0,03 Ash content %(m/m) - 0,01 < 0,0015 Total contamination mg/kg to 4 Copper strip corrosion (3h at 50 C) rating class 1 class 1 a Oxidation stability g/m³ - 25 < 5 Viscosity at 40 C mm²/s 2,00 4, to 2.5 Oxidation stability g/m³ - 25 < 12 Cold Filter Plugging Point, (CFPP) C to 0

29 Fischer Tropsch Plant 1 Barrel per Day

30 Economy of Scale 115 cents/l Polygeneration

31 Gestehungskosten für Treibstoffe aus Holz bei Polygeneration Anlagengröße MW Brennstoffwärmeleistung Holzpreis 16 /MWh (1,6 cent/kwh, 70 /to) Nutzungsdauer der Anlage 15 Jahre Fremdkapitalzinssatz 5 % Wärmeerlöse 20 /MWh (2,0 cent/kwh, Marktpreis) Stromerlöse /MWh BioFiT (FT-Kraftstoff aus Holz) 0,85-1,10 /Liter BioSNG (Synthetisches Erdgas) 0,65-0,80 /m 3

32 Bio BIOMASS-TO-SYNTHETIC-NATURAL-GAS BioSNG BIOMASS BioFiT BIOMASS BIOMASS-TO-FISCHER-TROPSCH Thank you for your attention! BioH2 BIOMASS-TO-HYDROGEN