Germany's renewable energy sector in the context of energy transition.

Transcription

1 Oliver Frank Germany's renewable energy sector in the context of energy transition. May 11 th, Hong Kong 1

2 Agenda. About dena Energy transition / main trends in the German energy sector Renewable Energies in Germany German RES policy and regulation, new EEG and planned solar tendering Energy transition: challenges and options Conclusion 2

3 1: About dena. 3

4 Ownership structure of dena. dena Federal Republic of Germany 50 % KfW Bankengruppe 26 % Represented by the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi) in concert with: The Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture (BMEL) The Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB) The Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure (BMVI) Allianz SE 8 % Deutsche Bank AG 8 % DZ BANK AG 8 % Management Ulrich Benterbusch 4

5 dena s Focus topics and Key areas. 5

6 2: Energytransition / main trends in the German energy sector. 6

7 Pillars of the energy transition. Environmental compatibility Security of supply Energy transition Cost-effectiveness Renewable energies Steady growth Cost-efficient Environmental ly friendly Energy efficiency Reduce energy consumption Improve efficiency Future Grids Increase flexibility Enlarge capacities Integrate renewables As a consequence of the reactor accident in Japan, it was decided to phase out nuclear energy and implement the energy transition. 7

8 Source: BMWi (2015) Status quo and goals of the German energy transition according to 2 nd Monitoring-Report of BMWi. Indicator Reduction in CO 2 emissions (base year 1990) % - 40% Renewable energies as a proportion of gross final consumption of energy 12% 18% Renewable energies as a proportion of electricity consumption 25.3% 35% Renewable energies as a proportion of heat consumption 9.1% 14% Renewable energies as a proportion of fuel consumption 5.5% - Increasing Energy Productivity 0.2% p.a. ( ) Energy efficiency: target primary energy consumption (base year 2008) - 3.8% - 20% Energy efficiency: target electricity consumption (base year 2008) - 3.2% - 10% Energy efficiency: target consumption in buildings (heat base year 2008) + 0.8% - 20% Recently issued instruments to face challenges concerning energy efficiency: Action Plan - Climate Protection 2.1% p.a. ( ) National Action Plan for Energy Efficiency (NAPE) 8

9 3: Renewable Energies in Germany. 9

10 100,000 Source: BMWi (2015) Historical development of renewable energies in Germany (electricity sector). 90,000 80,000 70,000 8,791 MW 38,236 MW MW el 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 2,340 MW 38,116 MW 10, ,595 MW Hydropower Wind power (Onshore) Wind power (Offshore - installed but not complete grid-connected) Photovoltaics Biomass Since 1990, the installed power capacity from renewable energies has increased significantly. 10

11 Source: BMWi (2015) Renewable shares in the electricity sector (2014) TWh *comprises biogas, biogenic solid fuels, sewage gas, landfill gas, biogenic proportion of waste Geothermal energy accounted for 0.1% in In 2014, renewable energies produced TWh of electricity in Germany. This corresponds to a share of 27.8 of total electricity consumption. 11

12 Source: BMWi (2014) Jobs provided by renewable energies in Germany. +32 % 279, , Over the years, renewable energies have led to an increase in jobs in Germany, particularly in the solar and wind sectors. 12

13 Source: BMWi (2015) Investment in renewable energies in Germany (mn. ). +16 % EUR 1,150 EUR 930 EUR 250 EUR 2,300 EUR 1,000 EUR 800 EUR 100 Wind power Biomass EUR 4, : 16,270 mn. EUR 7,060 EUR 2, : 18,900 mn. EUR 12,300 Photovoltaics Geothermal energy Solar thermal energy Hydropower EUR 2,640 Significant increase of investments in wind energy sector in

14 3: German RES policy and regulation, new EEG and planned solar tendering. 14

15 Cornerstones of the Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG). Guaranteed grid access; priority transmission and distribution. Fixed price (tariff or premium) for every kwh produced. Tariffs are set for each type of technology and with regard to further provisions (e.g. site and size). Minimum: 3.5 ct/kwh (Hydropower) Maximum: 25.2 ct/kwh (Geothermal) Additional costs for renewable energy production are offset through the EEG levy (2015: ~ 6.17 ct/kwh), with reductions for energy-intensive industries. Additional costs are offset via grid operators and independent of the public budget. Regular monitoring and evaluation; accompanying research Past and future amendments of the act. 15

16 Technology specific support levels EEG Technology Corridor p. a. Remuneration in ct/kwh Degression Hydropower %/a from 2016 Landfill, sewage and mine gas %/a from 2016 Biomass 100 MW (gross) (dependent on fuel and size) -0.5 % every three months from 2016 Geothermal %/a from 2018 Wind energy onshore Wind energy offshore 2,400 2,600 MW (net) Solar energy (PV) 2,400 2,600 MW (gross) Standard tariff: 8.90, for at least 5 years; Minimum Initial tariff: for min.12 years; Option: for min. 8 years if installed before 2020 Minimum (and tenders for ground-mounted PV) (May 2015) -0.4% every quarter from 2016 Standard tariff: ct/kwh in 2018, 1 ct/kwh in ct/kwh/a 2021; Option: - 1 ct/kwh in % per month 16

17 Technology specific support levels EEG 2014: PV. Technology Corridor p. a. Remuneration in ct/kwh Degression Solar energy (PV) 2,400 2,600 MW (gross) (and tenders for ground-mounted PV) (May 2015) % per month 17

18 2014: Amendment of the EEG focal points. Binding target corridors for RES deployment. Introducing quantity control mechanisms breathing cap. Increase market integration through premium system. Tendering scheme for ground-mounted PV starting EEG surcharge on self-supply. Adjusted exemptions for the industry. 18

19 Source: dena (2014) The EEG apportionment. Feed-in tariff PV, i. e.: ct/ kwh EEG apportionment: 9.52 ct/ kwh Spot market prices i.e.: 3.4 ct/ kwh The EEG apportionment is carried by final consumers, private households, etc. Some priviledged customers (i. e. energy-intensive companies) do not have to pay the apportionment. Market premium as an complementary market oriented approach: Generators (> 500 kw) must participate in direct marketing. Starting in 2016 generators with systems 19 (> 100 kw) are obliged to participate.

20 Tendering scheme: Obligatory pilot auctions for ground mounted systems. General intention: determine support levels through tenders for renewable technologies by Obligatory pilot auctions for ground mounted PV plants to gain necessary experience to introduce auctions as general promotion scheme. Federal Network Agency for Electricity, Gas, Telecommunications, Post and Railway, or Bundesnetzagentur as executing body. 6 months after publication of the first auction: End of promotion through feed-in system for ground mounted systems. 2015: pilot phase covers PV capacity totaling 500 MW. First auction in February 2015: pay-as-bid (no possibility to react to other offers). Second and third auction (1st August and 1st December 2015): uniform-pricing (all bidders receive the same price). First announcement (Deadline April 15th). 170 bids received (more than 700 MW). 25 projects awarded (totaling MW). 20

21 4: Energy transition: challenges and options. 21

22 Storage Consumption Production Grids Source: dena 2015 Improving the energy system options. Expand grids for large-scale power exchange Flexible thermal power plants Lower must-run capacity Limit wind and PV in event of excess Construction of new grid (3,500 km of new power lines required according to scenario A2024 (GDP) Grid management at EU level Upgrading of existing power plants (retrofitting) Controlled capacity from more flexible power plants System services independent of power plant Feed-in management for wind & PV systems Expand load management and flexible demand Increase flexibility of demand (load management) in the private sector and Industry Expand R&D and implementation of Storage- Systems Pumped storage Germany/Alps/Scandinavia Use of electricity for gas production (power-to-gas) Use/storage of electricity in heat (power-to-heat) Use of super-conducting coils, capacitors etc. 22

23 Source: BMUB Climate Action Programme The action programme (December 2014) comprises nine central components (including the National Action Plan for energy efficiency). In total, the action programme will lead to a reduction of around 62 to 78 million tonnes CO 2 equivalent in 2020 compared with the current projection for National Energy Efficiency Action Plan (NAPE). Strategy on climatefriendly building and housing. Climate action measures in the transport sector: Strengthening green modes of transport. Reducing non-energyrelated emissions: Industry, commerce, trade, services, waste management and agriculture. Reforming European emissions trading. Expansion of renewable energies in the energy sector. Foster model function of the state: e.g. public procurement. Research and development: Decarbonisation of the economy. Consultation, awareness raising and initiatives at all level: Cross-sectoral projects and programmes, role of the federal states. 23

24 Source: BMWi 2014 Energy Efficiency: NAPE 2014 some measures at a glance. 1. Energy efficiency in buildings Quality assurance and optimizing current energy consulting Tax incentives for energy-efficient renovations Heating check Energy Consulting for municipalities Energy saving legislation Upgrading the Market Incentive Program (MAP) Establishment of new technical standards 2. Energy conservation: a business and earnings model Introduction of tendering scheme for energy efficiency Contracting funding Upgrading the KfW energy efficiency programs Waste Heat Use Initiative Improving the Framework for energy efficiency services New financing schemes 3. Empowerment for energy efficiency: Measure - Understand - Act Save 4. Transport Energy Efficiency Network Initiatives Sectoral energy efficiency campaigns EU energy efficiency labeling & eco-design National Top Runner Initiative Developing indicators and benchmarks in businesses and for households Energy efficiency in information and communication technology (ICT) Motor vehicle taxation Fuel taxes Federal fuel strategy (Measures by Deutsche Bahn) 24

25 Conclusion. 25

26 Conclusion. The EEG has stimulated a significant growth of RES in Germany for more than ten years The German government announced ambitious goals for the reduction of GHG and growth of RES, especially after the decision to shut down nuclear power plants by 2022 Current challenges are: Limitation of costs including review of the promotion system Efficient integration of RES in the energy system Expansion of electricity grids (security of supply) Development of storage technologies Increase energy efficiency Foster climate protection 26

27 Your Contact. Oliver Frank Head of Division Renewable Energy & Energy-Efficient Mobility Deutsche Energie-Agentur GmbH (dena) German Energy Agency Chausseestrasse 128 a, Berlin, Germany Tel: +49(0) Fax: +49(0) Internet: 27

28 Efficiency our focus. Thank you. shop.dena.de 28