Building Green Data Centres for World's largest Biometric based National Identification System Kumar Alok, IAS Deputy Director General Ranjan Kumar Assistant Director General Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) September 13
Contents 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 UIDAI - Overview What is UID (Aadhaar)? UID Eco - System The UID Technology Solution Data centre Planning Green Data centre - Selecting efficient solution Improved energy Efficiency & Savings PUE; Power Usage Effectiveness Drivers of PUE UID (Aadhaar) Progress and Status Page 2
Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) Overview UIDAI is an attached office under Planning Commission of India which develops and implements the necessary institutional, technical and legal infrastructure to issue unique identity numbers to Indian residents. AADHAAR is a 12-digit unique number given by UIDAI to Indian residents as a proof of identity Enrolment is a one time process for the resident to obtain Aadhaar UIDAI s two captive data centres shall host the; Residents basic demographic and biometric 1 information captured by UIDAI while issuing 12-digit AADHAAR number. Support to various applications for welfare 2 schemes of State & Central Governments Authentication services to various authentication User Agencies e.g; Central 3 Government Agencies / bodies / departments, State Governments, PSUs, Banks etc DC Location-A DC Location-B Page 3
What is UID (Aadhaar)? 5555 4444 5555 Key Features Only Numbers No Smart Cards Random Numbers No Intelligence, No Profiling All Residents Including Children Uniqueness Ensured through biometric attributes No Guarantees to Citizenship, Rights, Entitlements Ubiquitous Authentication From No ID to Online ID Ensuring Security and Privacy of Information Details Captured Demographic Details Name, age/date of birth, gender and address of the resident (compulsory) Biometric Photograph, fingerprint scan, iris Aadhaar is a 12-digit unique number issued after biometric (iris and fingerprint) and demographic de-duplication Enrolment Hierarchy UIDAI Reg. Offices Registrars Enrolment Agencies Enrolment Stations Apex Body Across the country State Govts., NPR, banks etc Empanelled by UIDAI, engaged by registrars Across the country Residents 8 68 160 ~40,000 1.2 Bn Page 4
UID Eco - System About 200 Enrolment agencies have been empanelled Details available on UIDAI website Demographic standards - DDSVP report Biometric committee report published Authentication API, micro-atm standards STQC Device certification Applicable for authentication of identity and Financial Inclusion o Banks o NREGA o Payment of pensions Empanelment of EAS Setting standards Authentication Agency/User Ecosystem development Logistics/ India Post Training and Certification Contact Centre Letter printing by 3 printers & delivery by India Post 1800-180-1947 1947 Contact Centre live-8 languages Verifiers and Introducers Operator certification- >155,000 Training content available online-cbt, Films etc 15 empanelled training agencies Page 5
The UID Technology Solution It encompass all application software, system software, infrastructure (including IT systems, Private Cloud of Data centres, Network, Servers and Storage, for production, staging and testing) It shall enable to issue UID numbers, update resident information and authenticate the identity of residents as required Page 6
Data centre Planning Key decisions (1/2) Key decision points Site selection and land acquisition for two data centres across different geographies Business requirements & IT road map for 1.6 Billion UID enrolments till 2030 Uptime availability? Selecting Tier I/II/III/IV based on business criticality? What cost? High electricity power consumption expenses 5yrs electricity expense ~ CAPEX + 5yrs OPEX* Vertical/horizontal expansion and number of floors in the building * (OPEX- Manpower and equipment maintenance cost) Page 7
Data centre Planning Key design considerations (2/2) Guidelines Design Considerations Building Design Data Centre Building to be based on LEED practices for energy efficiency Design based on ASHRAE guidelines Adopting key design guidelines from TIA-942 Tier-III certification from Uptime for data centre LEED certification (Gold) for data centre complex Design based on latest NFPA code and standards Efficient system design at partial load utilization Modular & scalable system design and provision for seamless integration Selected 3 types of rack density (6.5/9.5/13.5 kw) for efficient load utilization & separate room for respective rack density High Avg. rack density (7.8 kw) to optimize space Selecting an highly efficient solution and technology Achieve lowest annual average PUE (< 1.55 /1.6 at Indian environmental condition) conditions) as as per per Green Grid Grid Methodology DC 24*7 24x7 monitoring and measurement DG Fuel bulk storage tank (36hrs) & 2hrs Fire Rating Continuous security and protection from unforeseen or natural calamities Selected tier III DC at each location on the basis of business criticality analysis Building structural floor slab strength 1500kg/ Sq Mtr Clear floor height > 4.7 Mtr Physical Security & perimeter security Seismic zone compliance Page 8
Green Data Centre - Selecting efficient solution for better annual average PUE (1/2) Electrical Components 3-phase distribution instead of 1-phase- low power distribution losses Bus Bar Trucking for rack distribution and Main Utility-low power distribution losses PDU transformer with higher efficiency 97.5% IGBT based rectifier transformer less UPS, higher efficiency >95%, low THDi < 3% & higher input PF on partial load -0.99 Using high efficiency electronic ballasts controlled through occupancy sensors Diversity factor 70% on overall estimated IT load for higher equipment load utilization to have better equipment efficiency Designed for ; Lowest targeted annual average PUE in India 15~20% reduction in PUE vs most of the operational data centres in India ~0.5 MUSD/Year/data centre savings vs most of the operational data centres in India DCIM Components Manage and Measure: Use of data centre infrastructure management software Penalty/Incentive for data centre operation agency on account of exceeding/reducing PUE from the target value Page 9
Green Data centre-selecting efficient solution for better annual average PUE (2/2) Air cooled screw chiller selected over water cooled chiller considering Indian environmental conditions : The annual average PUE estimated to be approx 1.6 with air-cooled chiller vs 1.62 with water cooled chiller > 50% IT Load Annual average PUE for Water Cooled chiller marginally better. But there is higher cost of maintenance for water cooled chiller which nullify the effect of marginally better PUE Water availability is a constraint for water cooled chiller as it consumes significant amount of water Mechanical Solutions Higher Chiller efficiency ; Low kw/tr ~.93,COP ~ 3.3 as per ARI design conditions at 100% Load Higher design entering/leaving chiller water temp; 12 / 19 Deg C Use of adiabatic cooling and VFDs for chilled water distribution pumps Separate room for respective very high/high/medium density rack and free cooling used for UPS room & Battery Room Free Cooling/Economizer for server room not used as it requires high CAPEX while energy savings is marginal considering the environmental condition and quality of air in India. Best Practice to be followed BYPASS Air Mgmt - Close floor gaps in unused cabinets & fit cable skirts where cables come up through raised floor Recirculation Air Mgmt- Fit blanking plates in between server cabinets & position high powered servers in the middle (and bottom) of the row Adjust Air Supply Temperatures, raise the air temperature and remain within the ASHRAE recommendations of 64.4F (18 deg C) to 80.6 F (27 deg C). Raising the temperature reduces the overall energy required for cooling Page 10
Improved Energy Efficiency & Savings per DC Details per DC: Total IT rack/dc : 420 Avg density/rack :7.8 kw DC built up area : 7,500 sq.m DC white space area : 1,350 sq.m IT rack load : 2300 kw (after considering diversity factor @70%) Mains Power Capacity : 5MVA Potential Annual Savings in optimized solution Saving-Total Cost 5.8 MUSD Saving- Electrical expense cost 6.9 MUSD Increase-CAPEX 0.9MUSD Mains electricity saved annually in DC 4064 with optimized solution MWH (24647 kwh-20583kwh) Metric tones Co2 saved annually in DC 3617 MTn Equivalent Tn Coal annual saving in 1808 Tn tones of coal burned per MWH of thermal energy (Tn/MWH) Trees growing per Year 5,42,289 Saved Co2 emissions equivalent to 603 number of cars per year on the road USD in Million 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Operational Data Center In India if same size Legend Saving of $5.8 M on Total Cost 15% saving on Electricity Cost 6% increase in CAPEX Optimised Data Center Solution-UIDAI DC CAPEX + 10 yrs OPEX-A (Manpower +Maintenance) OPEX-B (10 Yrs Electricity expense) Total Cost (CAPEX+OPEX-A+OPEX-B) Page 11
Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) A PUE of 2.0 means that for every 2 watts delivered to the Data centre, only 1 watt is being used by the IT equipment.the same as being 50% efficient Data centre Facility and Power : UIDAI DC White Space Support Area Utility Area Server Room IT Load NOC Room On-site User Room Media Storage Room Accessories Room Material Handling Room Staging Room UPS Battery Room Communication Room BMS Room Passage Power Losses Cooling Load Utility Services Room Page 12
Key Drivers of PUE- Indicative calculations Climate % Load Utilization India s Temperature Data -Annual Delhi Bangalore <10 Deg C 9% 1% 10~20 Deg C 22% 18% 20~ 25 Deg C 14% 49% 25~30 Deg C 26% 25% 30~35 Deg C 21% 8% 35~40 Deg C 7% 0.2% 40~45 Deg C 1% 0% Source-WeDCoDataBase(wedco-Database.software.informer.com Tier/ Redundancy Measurement Methodology Annual avg. PUE (Unrecognised) in INDIA DC is 1.8 to 2.5 1,63 Annual avg.pue (Self reported) in Global DCs is 1.8 to1.89* 1,62 1,61 Annual avg.pue (targeted) in UIDAI DCs is 1.5 to 1.6 1,6 1,59 5,0% 4,0% 3,0% 2,0% 1,0% 0,0% Tier/Redundancy % PUE increase 0,0% 1,9% 2,5% 4,4% Tier 1 DC Tier-II DC Tier-III DC Tier-IV DC % PUE *Source : Uptime Institute 2012 Data centre Industry Survey by Matt Stansberry and Julian Kudritzki 1,59 1,58 1,57 1,56 1,75 1,5 1,25 1 0,75 0,5 0,25 0 1,75 1,7 1,65 1,6 1,55 External Climate Condition 1,16 Cooling Solution 1,626 Delhi-PUE Water Cooled Chiller 1,38 1,54 1,6 1,66 <12 C 12~17 C 17~22 C 22~27 C 27~32 C 1,7 PUE % Load Utilization 1,605 1,583 Bengaluru-PUE Air Cooled Chiller 25~50% Load PUE >50% 1,6 Page 13
UID (Aadhaar) Progress and Status Legend 0-20 (%) 1 September 2010: First Aadhaar issued 20-40 (%) 40-60 (%) 60-80 (%) > 80 (%) 2 3 4 December 2011: 100 Million Aadhaar issued February 2012: Launch of authentication services May 2013: Launch of permanent enrolment centres, ekyc & authentication services using Iris & OTP Key Milestones 5 August 2013: 410 Million Aadhaar issued For self-service download https://eaadhaar.uidai.gov.in/edetails.aspx UIDAI s Data Centre has been awarded with Tier III Certification of Design by Uptime > 500 Million people have enrolled for UID ~ 1-1.2 Million residents being issued UID s daily target to cover more than half of the population by 2014 Page 14
Page 15 Questions and Answers
Page 16 Thank You
Glossary ASHRAE : American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers DCIM : Data Centre Infrastructure Manager NFPA : National Fire Protection Association IGBT : Insulated gate bipolar transistor LEED : Leadership in energy & environmental design OTP : One Time Password PDU : Power distribution unit PUE : Power User Effectiveness TIA-942: Telecommunications Infrastructure Standards for Data Centres VFD : Variable Frequency Drive Page 17
Global-Average PUE Values The average PUE rating (Self reported) for Data centres is 1.8 1.89, according to a survey of more than 500 data centres globally conducted by Uptime Institute in the year 2012 covering North America (50%), Europe (23%), Asia (14%), Central and South America (7%) 14% Average PUE Value % Globally 13% 12% 11% 11% 11% 10% 9% 9% 8% 6% 4% 2% 2% 2% 4% 6% 7% 5% 4% 1% 2% 3% 0% >2.5 2.4 to 2.49 2.3 to 2.39 2.2 to 2.29 2.1 to 2.19 2.0 to 2.09 1.9 to 1.99 1.8 to 1.89 1.7 to 1.79 1.6 to 1.69 1.5 to 1.59 1.4 to 1.49 1.3 to 1.39 1.2 to 1.19 1.1 to 1.19 1.09 or less Source : Uptime Institute 2012 Data centre Industry Survey by Matt Stansberry and Julian Kudritzki Page 18