Electricity Rebels--Creating an Energy Revolution

Electricity Rebels--Creating an Energy Revolution Wörstadt, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany

What Has Made the Revolution Possible? What Has Empowered the Rebels? Grid Access Priority to Renewables Advanced Renewable Tariffs Desire to Make it Work! Jutland, Denmark

Electricity Rebels--the Rallying Cry Wind is a Local Resource. It is Our Resource. And We Want to Make Money from it. --Wolfgang Paulsen (Stromrebelle) Friedrich-Wilhelm-Lübke-Koog, Germany

Stromrebellen (Electricity Rebels) Democratizing Generation Creating Local Investment Creating Local Jobs Creating Opportunity--and Hope Denmark, Germany, and France, Minnesota, Ontario and...? Friedrich-Wilhelm-Lübke-Koog, Germany

German Farmers...... New Cash Crops Wind Solar PV Bioas Friedrich-Wilhelm-Lübke-Koog, Germany

Elements of Success in Germany Right of Interconnection Right to Sell Electricity Right Price for Fixed Period TWh Generated per Year 125 100 75 Solar PV Biogenic Biomass Wind Hydro Renewable Tariffs Launched Advanced Renewable Tariffs (FITs) Launched 50 25 0 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 Year

Ownership of Renewables in Germany 2010 51% Farmers & Individuals Own 27,000 MW! Wind, Solar, & Biogas US Wind: ~35,000 MW Owned by Utilities, Subsidiaries, & Developers Wörstadt, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany

German Ownership of Wind in 2010: 27,000 MW Individuals Farmers 2% 52% 14,500 MW ~$30 Billion! 21% Developers 7% 16% 2% Utilities Investment Funds Industrial www.unendlich-viel-energie.de

German Ownership of Biogas in 2010: 2,300 MW Developers Utilities Investment Funds Industrial 3% 6% 0% 5% 13% 1,600 MW Individuals Others 0% 72% Farmers www.unendlich-viel-energie.de USA Biogas: 50 MW!

German Ownership of Solar PV in 2010: 17,000 MW Farmers Individuals 21% 39% Developers Utilities 8% 3% 8% 19% 1% 10,000 MW ~$60 Billion! Investment Funds Others Industrial www.unendlich-viel-energie.de

Cost of German EEG (2010) ~$110/yr/household EEG 10% Business Tax 16% Electricity Tax 8% Concession 8% CHP Act 0% Generation 58% BMU: EEG Surcharge 0.023/kWh, 2010.

The Farmers of Nordfriesland 0.5% of California 2,000 km2; 165,000 Population 850 MW of Wind 90% Community-Owned 6,000 Investors (4% of Population) <1% of Land Area 1.3 TWh/yr More than Altamont, More than San Gorgonio ~Tehachapi Pass 100 million ($150 million)/yr Friedrich-Wilhelm-Lübke-Koog, Germany

French Ownership of Solar PV in 2011: 1,500 MW Residential Central-Station 33% 15% 6% Industrial 14% 27% 1% 3% Commercial Small Business Residential-Farm Farm-Small Business June 2011 Residential-Farm: ~50% + Small Business: ~75%

2010 Community Wind in the USA 700 MW of 5,000 MW IOU POU Community 12% 3% 2% 83% IPP Great Britain: 16 MW of 8,000 MW ~0.2%. Relationship is consistent for total capacity of 40,000 MW

2012 Community Solar in USA 2,400 MW of 3,900 MW Residential & Other 63% 37% Commercial Only 2 MW of cooperatively-owned solar PV in USA.

Building Acceptance Opportunity Must Be Shared Public Must Participate by Creating Equal Opportunity for All For Renewables To Reach Their Potential Husum, Germany

Revolutionary: 100% Renewable Dardesheim Today--Electricity Schleswig-Holstein 2020--Electricity Rheinland-Pfalz 2030--Electricity Scotland 2020--Electricity Denmark 2035--Energy Druiberg, Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany

Renewable Electricity Targets Comparison % Supply Schleswig-Holstein Denmark Scotland Portugal Spain Germany California Ontario 3 13 21 20 26 34 33 38 50 52 Current Target 100 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

Rebel Agenda We Want Renewable Energy We Can Do It Ourselves We Bring Our Own Risk Capital and Invest in Our Own Region We Accept the Change in the Landscape that Results Hans-Detlef Feddersen on the Bürgerwind Movement. Landau, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany

Elements of Successful Electricity Rebels Transparency Cooperation & Compromise Creative Problem Solving Together, We re Strong Hans-Detlef Feddersen on the Bürgerwind Movement. Rockenhausen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany

Renewables Can Scale Quickly Whitelee, Glasgow, Scotland

12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Wind Generation Growth in Selected Markets 14 TWh/year California (40) Ontario (13) Portugal (10) France (60) GB (60) 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Year Population in Millions Note that France started later than Great Britain but is now comparable.

40 30 20 10 German and Spanish Wind & Solar Generation 50 TWh/year German Wind German Solar Spanish Wind Spanish Solar 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Year

Portugal & California New Renewable Generation 30 25 % of Supply California Portugal 20 15 10 5 0 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 Year

Portugal & California Total Renewable Generation 60 50 % of Supply PT Total RE CA Total RE 40 30 20 10 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Year

Renewables: Making a Difference Today Daredesheim, Germany

French Generation Mix Wind: 2.5% France Generation Mix and Yield 2011 % TWh MW Consumption kwh/kw CF Nuclear 421.1 63,130 88.1% 6,670 76% Fossil 51.2 27,790 10.7% 1,842 21% Hydro 50.3 25,400 10.5% 1,980 23% Wind* 11.9 6,640 2.5% 1,792 20% Solar PV* 1.8 2,230 0.4% 807 9% Other 5.6 1,270 1.2% 4,409 50% Total 542 126,460 4,285 49% Consumption 478 *Not representative as a larger percentage of capacity was installed during the year. France is a net exporter of generation. Net exports to Germany: 2.4 TWh.

Renewables & the Great Freeze French Peak Electricity Consumption and the Great Freeze 07-Feb-12 19:00 hours Installed MW % MW Nuclear* 58,816 58.8% 63,100 Hydro 11,620 11.6% 25,200 Imports 7,350 7.4% Other 5,680 5.7% Oil 5,001 5.0% Coal 4,722 4.7% Wind 3,631 3.6% 6,640 Gas 3,177 3.2% Peak Demand 99,997 *Three reactors were off line. http://sciences.blogs.liberation.fr/home/2012/0 2/le-grand-froid-met-le-syst%C3%A8me-%C3 %A9lectrique-en-haute-tension.html

Renewables & the Great Freeze German Solar & Wind Penetration February 7, 2012 % of Supply 3.5 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.1 3.6 4 3.9 4.3 0.2 3.9 1.4 3.8 3.2 3.6 4.7 4.2 5.6 5.7 5.9 7.1 4.6 7.4 2.8 8.1 1.1 7.6 0.1 8.3 9.2 9.6 10.3 11.4 11.4 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Time

Renewables & the Great Freeze Imports to France 07-Feb-12 19:00 hours MW % Great Britain 2,000 2.0% Germany 1,800 1.8% http://www.rivieratimes.com/index.p hp/provence-cote-dazur-article/item s/blackout-averted.html The Lesson: You can t count on nuclear when you really need it. See also Japan.

Advanced Renewable Tariffs Deliver More Capacity-- --More Quickly --More Equitably Enabling Participation --Everyone

Great Britain: a Modest Proposal FIT Program Increase Program Cap to 20% Leave Microgeneration Program Untouched Leave ROC Program Untouched Increase Project Size Cap to 20 MW Limit Expanded Program to Community Power Defined as Needed Include Differentiated Wind Tariffs a Must for Equitable Opportunity

Renewable Tariff Design Price Differentiation For Different Technologies For Different Applications For Different Sizes For Different Resource Intensities For Wind (Germany, France, & China!) For Solar (France, Oregon)

Differentiated Tariffs for Wind Distributed Benefits Only Accrue From Distributed Generation Differentiated Tariffs = Distributed Wind Reduces Pressure on Windiest Sites Profitability Still Higher at Windy Sites Reduces NIMBYism By Enabling Greater Participation San Gorgonio Pass, California

French Wind Tariffs Resource Productivity Method Fair Profits at Medium Wind Sites Not Undue Profits at Windy Sites Profitability Index Method (Chabot) Not Discounted Cash Flow Model Igny, Lorraine, France

French Wind Tariffs by Specific Yield 0.15 $CAD/kWh Base Medium High 0.1 0.05 0 960 1000 1040 1080 1120 1160 1200 1240 1280 1320 1360 1400 1440 Specific Yield (kwh/m2/yr) Chateau de Lastours, France

Gaspé Peninsula, Quebec No Time for Half-Measures No Time to Lose

Matane, Quebec We Need A Lot More Wind...

--A Lot More Geothermal Geothermal, Collina Metalifera, Tuscany, Italy

... A Lot More Solar Hinesburg, Vermont

... A Lot More Renewable Energy Technology for Life* *from N.F.S. Grundtvig, Danish Theologian

Renewable Energy The Revolution Has Begun! www.wind-works.org Manawatu Gorge, New Zealand