Unit 7 Test Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. The following organs are part of the human digestive system. W: large intestine X: stomach Y: esophagus Z: pancreas Which organs produce enzymes that break down nutrients into simpler molecules? A. W and Z B. X and Z C. X, Y, Z D. W, X, Y, Z 2. Which of the following correctly pairs the structure and function of the bladder? A. a pair of tubes; waste transport B. a muscular sac; storage of liquid waste C. a network of blood vessels; waste elimination D. a thin tube; filtration of waste from the blood 3. Which of the following sentences best describes the esophagus? A. It produces bile that helps the digestive system break down fats. B. It is a muscular tube that moves food from the mouth to the stomach. C. It releases enzymes into the small intestine that aid in chemical digestion. D. It is a muscular bag that churns food and produces acid and enzymes for chemical digestion. 4. Which of the following is a correct statement about the role of the kidney in homeostasis? A. The kidney helps to keep smooth muscle contracting efficiently. B. The kidney filters wastes, such as sodium, from the blood. C. The kidney stores bile, which breaks down fats in the intestine. D. The kidney works with the endocrine system to help the body react to stimuli that occur outside the body.
5. The following diagram shows a system of the human body. What is the main function of this system? A. to remove wastes found in the blood B. to break down food so that it can be used by the body C. to transport important nutrients to all parts of the body D. to communicate signals between distant parts of the body 6. The diagram below shows two important parts of the human digestive system. Which of these statements is correct? A. The majority of physical digestion take place in Part B. B. The pancreas releases enzymes into part A to aid in chemical digestion. C. As food digests, it moves through part B first, then through part A. D. The inside of part A is covered with finger-like projections called villi.
7. The following diagram shows a cross section of the villi that cover the inner walls of the small intestine. How does the folded shape of the villi make them more effective? (Hint: Step 1. Identify the role of the villi. Step 2. Determine how the vessels labeled in the diagram interact with the villi. Step 3. Choose the answer that relates the role and shape of villi to the vessels.) A. It churns food particles into smaller pieces. B. It blocks large particles from entering the blood. C. It increases the area across which nutrients can pass into blood. D. It transports excess water out the body through small openings in the skin. 8. Which of the following best describes the main function of the circulatory system? A. to deliver nutrients and other essential materials to cells and remove waste products B. to break down the nutrients found in food so that they can be used by all cells in the body C. to produce the chemical signals that allow parts of the body to communicate with other parts D. to coordinate all other body systems so that they can function together to maintain homeostasis 9. Kim is studying certain blood vessels in the body. In these vessels, blood travels from the heart to the muscles in the upper arms. Which type of vessels is Kim studying? A. veins B. arteries C. capillaries D. lymph ducts 10. Which of these correctly maps the circulation of blood from the heart through the blood vessels and back to the heart? A. heart --> arteries --> capillaries --> veins --> heart B. heart --> veins --> capillaries --> arteries --> heart C. heart --> capillaries --> arteries --> veins --> capillaries --> heart D. heart --> arteries --> capillaries --> veins --> capillaries --> heart 11. Which structure of the female reproductive system produces egg cells? A. uterus B. ovary C. vagina D. fallopian tube
12. Although male and female reproductive structures differ from one another in many ways, they carry out some of the same functions. Which of the following is a main function of both male and female reproductive systems? A. waste storage B. embryo implantation C. delivery of sperm cells D. production of hormones 13. Which statement correctly describes a role of the uterus in the female reproductive system? A. During menstruation, eggs are produced in the uterus. B. During pregnancy, the embryo develops inside the uterus. C. During adolescence, hormones are produced by the uterus. D. During childbirth, the baby exits the body through the uterus. 14. What is the role of the nervous system in the body? A. to protect other organs and tissues B. to send messages using blood cells C. to gather and respond to information D. to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide 15. Which is the main control center of the nervous system? A. brain B. heart C. medulla D. spinal cord 16. Karla s heart rate increases when she sees an alligator. Her endocrine system causes her heart rate to increase. How does the endocrine system send the message to increase the heart rate? A. It sends electrical signals through nerves to her heart. B. It sends hormones through her bloodstream to her heart. C. It sends cells through the tissues of her body to her heart. D. It sends chemical signals through axon terminals to her heart.
17. Each system in the body is made up of structures that work together. Look at the following diagram. Which of the following best describes the main function of the system shown in the diagram? A. to take in water and maintain water balance B. to take in oxygen and eliminate carbon dioxide C. to produce antigens in order to fight infections D. to obtain food and break it into smaller nutrients
18. The bar graph shows how the height of a young person changed during a 5-year period. Which statement best explains this change? (Hint: Step 1. Read the labels on the axes of the graph. Step 2. Notice how the heights of the bars change across the graph. Step 3. Relate the change on the graph to one of the body systems.) A. The nervous system regulated growth during the period to keep the growth rate steady. B. The endocrine system released hormones so the growth rate was steady over this period. C. The digestive system released more nutrients each year to cause the growth rate to increase. D. The circulatory system created more cells each year and caused the growth rate to increase. 19. Skeletal muscles are attached to bones to allow movement. Skeletal muscles have a striped appearance. This image shows a magnified view of skeletal muscle. Which of the following is true of skeletal muscles? A. Skeletal muscles are an example of cardiac muscle. B. Skeletal muscles are an example of smooth muscle. C. Skeletal muscles are an example of voluntary muscle. D. Skeletal muscles are an example of involuntary muscle.
20. Tendons play an important role in the body. What is the function of tendons? A. They produce blood cells. B. They produce testosterone. C. They connect bones at a joint. D. They connect skeletal muscle to bone. 21. Sharon is working on a report on smooth muscles. Smooth muscles control involuntary body movements. Sharon drew this image to show a magnified view of a smooth muscle. Which of the following body structures is made up of smooth muscle? A. lips B. foot C. upper arm D. blood vessels 22. The long bones of the skeletal system contain bone marrow. This image shows marrow in a femur bone, which is located in the thigh. What is one function of bone marrow? A. to harden into bone B. to make blood cells C. to change cartilage into bone D. to remove waste from the body 23. The eyes receive visual signals from the environment. This information is transmitted to the brain. Which body system does this process describe? A. nervous system B. excretory system C. lymphatic system D. integumentary system
24. The human skeletal system is an example of how function depends on structure. Which statement describes the relationship between the structure and function of the human skeletal system? A. The skeletal system breaks down food into nutrients that the body can use. B. The skeletal system returns fluids to blood vessels and helps get rid of bacteria and viruses. C. The skeletal system provides a frame to support and protect the body and allows the body to move. D. The skeletal system receives information about the body and the environment and responds to that information. 25. What is the main function of the male reproductive system? A. to produce eggs B. to produce sperm C. to regulate development D. to protect the developing baby 26. The following diagrams show two organ systems. How do these systems work together in the human body? A. System 1 breaks food down into nutrients, and system 2 transports the nutrients to cells in the body. B. System 2 breaks food down into nutrients, and system 1 transports the nutrients to cells in the body. C. System 1 takes in oxygen from the atmosphere, and system 2 transports the oxygen to cells in the body. D. System 2 takes in oxygen from the atmosphere, and system 1 transports the oxygen to cells in the body. 27. Which of the following functions does the integumentary system share with a cell membrane? A. chemical digestion B. absorption of nutrients C. protection from the environment D. regulation of other body systems 28. Each body system is composed of parts that work together. What are the main parts of the skeletal system? A. nose, lungs, diaphragm B. esophagus, stomach, liver C. bones, cartilage, ligaments D. kidneys, bladder, large intestine
29. What is the main function of the excretory system? A. to remove waste from the body B. to regulate and control other body systems C. to obtain oxygen and transport it to all tissues D. to break down nutrients into smaller molecules 30. The illustration below shows four systems of the human body. Which two organ systems work together to provide cells with oxygen and to remove carbon dioxide from the body? (Hint. Step 1. Look at the structure of each of the four systems. Step 2. Use the structure to identify each system and its function. Step 3. Decide which two systems work together as described.) A. system 1 and system 2 B. system 1 and system 4 C. system 2 and system 3 D. system 3 and system 4 31. Which two body systems work together to make movement possible? A. the skeletal and muscular systems B. the nervous and endocrine systems C. the lymphatic and immune systems D. the cardiovascular and respiratory systems
32. Which of the following functions is shared by both the integumentary system and the respiratory system? A. digestion of food B. elimination of wastes C. regulation of the body's growth D. circulation of oxygen through the body