The Body s Transport System

Transcription

1 Circulation Name Date Class The Body s Transport System This section describes how the heart, blood vessels, and blood work together to carry materials throughout the body. Use Target Reading Skills As you read, complete the cycle diagram below that shows the path that blood follows as it circulates through the body. Write each step of the pathway in a separate circle. Right side of heart Lungs The Cardiovascular System 1. Another name for the cardiovascular system is the system. 2. Complete this concept map to show what makes up the cardiovascular system. Cardiovascular system is made up of the heart

2 The Body s Transport System (continued) 3. What three things are carried throughout the body by the cardiovascular system? The Heart 4. Each time the heart beats, what does it do to blood? 5. Complete the table about the chambers of the heart. Chamber of the Hearts Questions Upper Chambers Lower Chambers What are these chambers called? How many are there? What is the function, or job, of these chambers? 6. A flap of tissue that prevents blood from flowing backward is a(n). 7. The group of cells that adjusts the speed of the heart beat is called the. The heart rate depends on how much the body needs. 8. What does an artificial pacemaker do?

3 Circulation Name Date Class Two Loops 9. Name the three kinds of blood vessels. 10. Describe the loop in which the blood picks up oxygen. 11. Draw arrows on the diagram below to show how blood circulates through the body. The first arrow should start in the right atrium. Blood vessels in lungs Artery to lungs Vein from lungs Right atrium Left atrium Vein from body Right ventricle Left ventricle Artery to body Blood vessels in body 12. The largest artery in the body is called the.

4 Circulation Review and Reinforce The Body s Transport System Understanding Main Ideas Use the diagram to answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper. Lungs 1. Draw arrows on the diagram to show the path of the blood flow throughout the body. 2. What is the function of each atrium? What is the function of each ventricle? 3. Which of the large blood vessels labeled a, b, c, and d are arteries and which are veins? Explain how you know. b. c. a. d. Body Building Vocabulary From the list below, choose the term that best completes each sentence. aorta capillaries cardiovascular system heart pacemaker valve 4. The is a group of cells that adjusts the heart rate. 5. The muscular organ that pumps blood through the body is called the. 6. The is made up of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. 7. A(n) is a flap of tissue that prevents blood from flowing backward. 8. The largest artery is called the. 9. Substances are exchanged between the blood and body cells in the.

5 A Closer Look at Blood Vessels This section describes the three kinds of blood vessels that are found in your body. Use Target Reading Skills As you read, compare and contrast the three kinds of blood vessels by completing the table below. Comparing Blood Vessels Blood Vessel Function Structure of Wall Artery Carries blood away from heart Capillary Vein Arteries 1. Arteries carry blood away from the. 2. Is the following sentence true or false? The coronary arteries provide the stomach with its blood supply. 3. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about pulse. a. The faster your heart beats, the slower your pulse will be. b. Pulse is caused by the expanding and narrowing of artery walls. c. When you count pulse beats, you are also counting heartbeats. d. You can feel pulse in veins but not in arteries. 4. Is the following sentence true or false? Arteries control the amount of blood that different organs receive.

6 Circulation Name Date Class Capillaries 5. What important thing happens in the capillaries? 6. One process in which materials are exchanged between the blood and the body cells is. Veins 7. What job do veins carry out? 8. What three things help push blood through veins? a. b. c. Blood Pressure 9. What is blood pressure? 10. Circle the letter of the name of the instrument that measures blood pressure. a. stethoscope b. X-ray machine c. sphygmomanometer d. mercury

7 Circulation Review and Reinforce A Closer Look at Blood Vessels Understanding Main Ideas Answer the following questions. 1. Label the diagram with the names of the three kinds of blood vessels. Connective tissue Smooth muscle Epithelial tissue a. b. c. 2. After blood leaves the heart, through what kinds of vessels and in what order does blood move? 3. In which kind of blood vessel is blood pressure usually highest? 4. Which blood vessel allows diffusion through its walls? 5. What causes blood pressure? 6. What factors help blood move through veins? Building Vocabulary Match each term with its definition by writing the letter of the correct definition in the right column on the line beside the term in the left column. 7. blood pressure 8. pulse 9. diffusion 10. coronary artery a. the movement of molecules from an area in which they are highly concentrated to an area in which they have a low concentration b. the repetitious rise and fall of the artery in your wrist caused by the expansion and relaxation of the artery wall c. caused by the force with which the ventricles contract d. a vessel that supplies the heart itself with blood

8 Blood and Lymph This section explains the comonents of blood is and describes the jobs performed by the different parts of blood. This section also describes the lymphatic system. Use Target Reading Skills As you read the section Blood, write the main idea in the graphic organizer below. Then, write four supporting details that give examples of the main idea. Main Idea Blood is made up of four components. Detail Detail Detail Detail

9 Circulation Name Date Class Blood 1. What is the name for the liquid part of blood? 2. Complete the concept map below by naming the types of cells that are found in blood. Cells in blood Red blood cells include 3. What is plasma mostly made up of? 4. List three kinds of materials that are carried in plasma. a. b. c. 5. What job do red blood cells perform in the body? 6. What is hemoglobin, and where is it found? 7. What is the job of white blood cells?

10 Blood and Lymph (continued) 8. List four ways in which white blood cells are different from red blood cells. a. b. c. d. 9. Is the following sentence true or false? Platelets are pieces of cells. 10. Describe how a blood clot forms. 11. What is a blood transfusion? 12. Why can't a person with blood type A safely receive a transfusion of blood type B? 13. What is the Rh factor? Blood Types Match the blood type with the kinds of clumping proteins in its plasma. Blood Type 14. A 15. B 16. AB 17. O Clumping Proteins in Its Plasma a. no clumping proteins b. anti-b proteins c. both anti-a and anti-b proteins d. anti-a proteins The Lymphatic System 18. What is the lymphatic system? 19. The fluid inside the lymphatic system is called. 20. How do lymph nodes help fight disease?

11 Circulation Name Date Class Circulation Review and Reinforce Blood and Lymph Understanding Main Ideas Complete the table. Then answer the questions. Blood Component Description Function Plasma Red Blood Cell White Blood Cell Platelet 1. If a person with type B blood needs a transfusion, which types of blood can he or she safely receive? Explain your answer. 2. How does fluid in the blood become lymph? How is it returned to your blood? Building Vocabulary From the list below, choose the term that best completes each sentence. plasma hemoglobin lymph node lymphatic system 3. A small knob of tissue that filters lymph is called a(n). 4. is the liquid part of the blood. 5. is an iron-containing protein that binds to oxygen molecules. 6. The is the network of vessels that returns fluid to the bloodstream.

12 Circulation Name Date Class Cardiovascular Health This section describes diseases of the cardiovascular system. The section also identifies steps that people can take to help prevent these diseases. Use Target Reading Skills Before you read, preview the red headings. In the graphic organizer below, ask a what or how question for each heading. As you read, write the answers to your questions. Asking Questions Question Answer What are some cardiovascular diseases? Cardiovascular Diseases 1. What is atherosclerosis? 2. What is cholesterol?

13 Cardiovascular Health (continued) 3. Complete the flowchart below, which describes what can happen when atherosclerosis develops in the coronary arteries. Atherosclerosis Atherosclerosis develops in coronary arteries. Heart muscle receives less therefore its cells receive less, and. A(n) to part of the heart is cut off. occurs, which means that blood flow 4. What is hypertension? 5. Give two reasons why hypertension is a serious problem. 6. What is done to treat hypertension?

14 Circulation Name Date Class Keeping Healthy 7. To help maintain cardiovascular health, people should eat a diet that is low in these substances. a. b. c. 8. Is the following sentence true or false? Even if smokers quit, they cannot decrease their risk of death from cardiovascular disease. 9. In the table below, explain why each behavior is important for cardiovascular health. Cardiovascular Health Behavior Why It Is Important Getting a lot of exercise Eating healthy foods Not smoking

15 Circulation Review and Reinforce Cardiovascular Health Understanding Main Ideas Write each of the given behaviors in the appropriate column on the chart. Behaviors: eating foods high in saturated fat, running, smoking, eating lowsodium foods, playing basketball, eating salty foods, eating foods low in cholesterol, being overweight Behaviors That Affect Your Heart Healthy Harmful Answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper. 9. Why is atherosclerosis dangerous? 10. Describe how hypertension affects your heart and blood vessels. Why is it called the silent killer? 11. Explain why hypertension is related to atherosclerosis. Building Vocabulary Write a definition for each of the following terms on the lines below. 12. atherosclerosis 13. cholesterol 14. heart attack 15. hypertension