National Quali cations AHEXEMPLAR PAPER ONLY

National Quali cations AHEXEMPLAR PAPER ONLY EP15/AH/01 Geography Date Not applicable Duration 2 hours 30 minutes Total marks 50 Attempt ALL questions In all questions, marks will be given for sketch-maps and diagrams which are integral parts of an answer. Candidates must use the Supplementary Items and tracing overlays provided for annotation or as bases for diagrams. These resources should be placed inside the front cover of the candidate s answer booklet. Candidates are reminded that they have an atlas which can be a valuable resource in answering questions in all parts of the paper. Write your answers clearly in the answer booklet provided. In the answer booklet, you must clearly identify the question number you are attempting. Use blue or black ink. Before leaving the examination room you must give your answer booklet to the Invigilator; if you do not, you may lose all the marks for this paper. *EP15AH01*

Total marks 50 Attempt ALL questions MARKS Question 1 Map Interpretation To answer this question you need to use: Supplementary Item A Ordnance Survey (OS) Map, Extract No 1789/EXP107 1:25000 (Explorer Series), St Austell and Liskeard Supplementary Item B Overlay The atlas provided. You should make use of the whole map extract in your responses. The Eden Project, (grid square 0454), opened to the public in 2001 and attracts over 1 million tourists each year. It consists of a number of greenhouse domes built in a former china clay pit. The domes house two distinct biospheres; the humid tropical biome features a jungle environment while the warm-temperate biome has plants from the Mediterranean, South Africa and California. Outside the domes there are landscaped gardens. Local and global projects demonstrating the sustainable use of resources form a major part of a visit to the Eden Project. Following on from the success of the Eden Project, a suitable area of land is being sought to develop an eco-centre. The eco-centre s mission statement would be: The eco-centre is concerned with the search for a globally sustainable way of life, based on ecologically sound technologies. The eco-centre would require a site approximately of 500 m 500 m. The site should be suitable for fully functioning examples of more than one renewable energy type. The site should contain working examples of environmentally responsible buildings, energy conservation, organic farming, and responsible waste management and be located around a visitor and education centre. (a) (i) On Supplementary Item B, draw to scale one suitable site for the development in the area between Eastings 02 to 08 and Northings 50 to 58. (It does not need to have straight edges.) (ii) Annotate Supplementary Item B to explain in detail four physical locational factors which support your choice of site. 2 8 (b) Using evidence from across the whole map extract and your atlas, discuss in detail other relevant physical, human and economic factors for your choice of location. 10 Page 02

Question 2 Gathering and Processing Techniques MARKS To answer this question you need to use: Supplementary Item C outline map of beach area The atlas provided. A group of students are asked to test the hypothesis: beach characteristics change from north to south along the bay, shown in Supplementary Item C. The object of this one-day exercise is to gather information on the beach profile, vegetation and sand/pebble size/shape using transects. (a) On Supplementary Item C, draw an appropriate number of transects to test the hypothesis. (b) Comment on problems that may be encountered in gathering valid and reliable field data for this survey. (c) Explain two effective techniques for processing and presenting the data gathered. 2 4 4 Page 03

Question 3 Geographical Data Handling MARKS To answer this question you need to use: Supplementary Item D proportional symbol map showing Norway s urban areas; proportion of land resources in Norway; proportion of built-up land in Norway by county; map showing Norwegian counties The atlas provided. Comparison of Norway and Scotland Norway Scotland Population 4,799,254 5,250,000 Area 323,802 km 2 78,772 km 2 Length of coastline 25,148 km 11,800 km Length of public roads 92,869 km 55,420 km Number of road tunnels 1000 3 Number of cars 2 6 million 2 7 million (a) Explain the distribution of settlements in Norway. (b) Discuss the suitability of using proportional symbols to show settlement size. (c) Explain the proportion of land resources in Norway. (d) Only 2% of Norway is built-up land. Account for the differences in the proportion of built-up land found in Oslo compared with Hedmark. 5 5 4 6 [END OF EXEMPLAR QUESTION PAPER] Page 04

SUPP. ITEM A National Quali cations AHEXEMPLAR PAPER ONLY EP15/AH/11 Date Not applicable Duration 2 hours 30 minutes Geography Supplementary Item A for Q1 *EP15AH11*

AH National Quali cations EP15/AH/21 Date Not applicable Duration 2 hours 30 minutes EXEMPLAR PAPER ONLY SUPP. ITEM B Geography Supplementary Item B for Q1 *EP15AH21* Fill in these boxes and read what is printed below. Full name of centre Town Forename(s) Surname Number of seat Date of birth Day Month Year Scottish candidate number If annotated by the candidate, to be placed inside the front cover of the candidate s book and thus sent to the Scottish Qualifications Authority *EP15AH2101*

SUPPLEMENTARY ITEM B 02 08 58 58 Eden Project ST AUSTELL 50 02 50 08 Page 02 *EP15AH2102*

AH National Quali cations EP15/AH/31 Date Not applicable Duration 2 hours 30 minutes EXEMPLAR PAPER ONLY SUPP. ITEM C Geography Supplementary Item C for Q2 *EP15AH31* Fill in these boxes and read what is printed below. Full name of centre Town Forename(s) Surname Number of seat Date of birth Day Month Year Scottish candidate number If annotated by the candidate, to be placed inside the front cover of the candidate s book and thus sent to the Scottish Qualifications Authority *EP15AH3101*

SUPPLEMENTARY ITEM C 70 09 10 11 12 70 64 64 09 12 *EP15AH3102* Page 02

SUPP. ITEM D National Quali cations AHEXEMPLAR PAPER ONLY EP15/AH/41 Date Not applicable Duration 2 hours 30 minutes Geography Supplementary Item D for Q3 *EP15AH41*

Proportional Symbol Map showing Norway s Urban Areas SUPPLEMENTARY ITEM D Hammerfest Harstad Tromso Alta Vadso Narvik Kristiansund Molde Alesund Floro Namsos Mo i Rana Mosjoen Bodo Steinkjer Trondheim Lillehammer Urban areas 500,000 inhabitants 200,000 inhabitants 50,000 inhabitants 5,000 inhabitants Bergen Hamar Haugesund Stravanger/ Sandnes Egersund Oslo Fredrikstad/ Sarpsborg Arendal Porsgrunn/ Skien Kristiansand Distribution of county populations in urban areas 2007 55-65% 66-72% 73-77% 78-83% 84-100% Entire country 78 3% Page 02

Proportion of Land Resources in Norway SUPPLEMENTARY ITEM D (CONTINUED) Open firm ground 39% Wetlands 5% Bare rock, gravel and blockfields 7% Perpetual snow and glaciers 1% Inland waters 6% Forest 37% Built-up and related land 2% Agriculture 3% Proportion of Built-up Land in Norway by County (km²) Hedmark Oppland Akershus Hordaland Buskerud Nordland Rogaland SØr-TrØndelag MØre og Romsdal Østfold Telemark Nord-TrØndelag Vestfold Troms Romsa Sogn og Fjordane Vest-Agder Aust-Agder Finnmark Finnmárku Oslo 0 100 200 300 400 500 KEY Residential areas Leisure buildings Built-up area for agriculture and fishing Industrial, commercial and service areas Green areas, sports and recreational services Other built-up areas Road Page 03

Map showing Norwegian Counties SUPPLEMENTARY ITEM D (CONTINUED) 19 20 18 Norwegian Counties 13 12 11 10 14 6 8 9 15 5 4 3 2 7 1 16 17 1 Østfold 2 Akershus 3 Oslo 4 Hedmark 5 Oppland 6 Buskerud 7 Vestfold 8 Telemark 9 Aust-Agder 10 Vest-Adger 11 Rogaland 12 Hordaland 13 Sogn og Fjordane 14 MØre og Romsdal 15 SØr-TrØndelag 16 Nord-TrØndelag 17 Nordland 18 Troms 19 Finnmark 20 (Svalbard) Page 04

National Quali cations AHEXEMPLAR PAPER ONLY EP15/AH/01 Geography Marking Instructions These Marking Instructions have been provided to show how SQA would mark this Exemplar Question Paper. The information in this publication may be reproduced to support SQA qualifications only on a non-commercial basis. If it is to be used for any other purpose, written permission must be obtained from SQA s Marketing team on permissions@sqa.org.uk. Where the publication includes materials from sources other than SQA (ie secondary copyright), this material should only be reproduced for the purposes of examination or assessment. If it needs to be reproduced for any other purpose it is the user s responsibility to obtain the necessary copyright clearance.

General Marking Principles for Advanced Higher Geography This information is provided to help you understand the general principles you must apply when marking candidate responses to questions in this Paper. These principles must be read in conjunction with the Detailed Marking Instructions, which identify the key features required in candidate responses. (a) Marks for each candidate response must always be assigned in line with these General Marking Principles and the Detailed Marking Instructions for this assessment. (b) Marking should always be positive. This means that, for each candidate response, marks are accumulated for the demonstration of relevant skills, knowledge and understanding: they are not deducted from a maximum on the basis of errors or omissions. (c) Use the full range of marks available for each question. (d) The Detailed Marking Instructions are not an exhaustive list. Other relevant points should be credited. (e) For credit to be given, points must be relevant to the question asked. Marking principles for each question type There are a range of types of question which could be asked within this question paper. For each, the following provides an overview of marking principles, and an example for each. Explain Questions which ask candidates to explain or suggest reasons for the cause or impact of something, or require them to refer to causal connections and relationships: candidates must do more than describe to gain credit here. Where candidates are provided with sources, they should make use of these and refer to them within their answer for full marks. Where candidates provide a purely descriptive answer, or one where development is limited, no more than half of the total marks should be awarded for the question. Analyse Analysis involves identifying parts, the relationship between them, and their relationships with the whole. It can also involve drawing out and relating implications. An analysis mark should be awarded where a candidate uses their knowledge and understanding/a source, to identify relevant components (eg of an idea, theory, argument) and clearly show at least one of the following: links between different components links between component(s) and the whole links between component(s) and related concepts similarities and contradictions consistency and inconsistency different views/interpretations possible consequences/implications the relative importance of components understanding of underlying order or structure Page 02

Where candidates are asked to analyse they should identify parts of a topic or issue and refer to the interrelationships between, or impacts of, various factors, eg in a question requiring candidates to analyse the different impacts of flooding on land use, the response should consider the effects on the immediate area and also, where appropriate, other areas. Analysis should be supported by evidence where relevant. Evaluate Where candidates are asked to evaluate, they should be making a judgement of the success, failure, or impact of something based on criteria. Candidates would be expected to briefly describe the technique/methodology being evaluated before offering an evidenced conclusion. Discuss/Comment on... These questions are looking for candidates to explore ideas about a project, or the impact of a change. Candidates will be expected to consider different views on an issue/argument. There should be a range of impacts or ideas within the answer. Draw to scale... Draw to scale involves drawing a shape/route to the correct size using the given scale of the map. Annotate To add detailed notes to a graph, map or map-based diagram, giving explanation or comment. (This should be more than simple labelling of the item.) Account for Where candidates are being asked to account for, they are required to give reasons, often (but not exclusively) from a resource, eg for a change in trade figures, a need for water management, or differences in development between contrasting developing countries. Page 03

Detailed Marking Instructions for each question Question General marking principles for this type of question 1 a i Candidates should select a relevant location and, using the scale, draw the area selected on the overlay. Marks may be awarded as follows: For 1 mark, candidates should draw one relevant location on the overlay. For 1 mark, candidates should draw an area of approximately 500 by 500 square metres. Max mark 2 Possible answers might include: Specific Marking Instructions for this question Any site chosen should be in the area between Eastings 02 to 08 and Northings 50 to 58. (It does not need to have straight edges.) One possible location/site could be: The area around Tregarrick Farm 0457. (1 mark) Or any other relevant location. Any site chosen should be drawn to scale. (1 mark) See full-size version of a possible annotated Supplementary Item B at the end of this marking instructions grid. ii Candidates should identify from the OS map four physical location factors. Candidates should annotate Supplementary Item B to explain four physical location factors for the choice of site for the ecocentre. Avoid crediting a simple list of location factors. Possible responses will vary according to the site chosen. Candidates may use the atlas to provide named examples. 8 Possible annotations might include: Physical factors (must be physical factors) may depend on the alternative energy included in the eco-centre. Altitude/Exposure The higher ground at this site would provide uninterrupted wind supply which would be suitable for wind power. (1 mark) Candidates may make reference to relevant information from the atlas, eg prevailing winds. (1 mark) Aspect The south-facing aspect of this site would provide good insolation which would be good for solar power generation. (1 mark) Page 04

Question General marking principles for this type of question Max mark Specific Marking Instructions for this question There are a variety of ways for candidates to use OS map and atlas evidence in their annotations, eg including written descriptions, appropriate grid references and place names. Annotations may be shown in a variety of ways. Marks may be awarded as follows: For 1 mark, candidates should give one detailed explanation. Detail should include reference to relevant location factors (this could be indicated by arrows/key). A maximum of 3 marks should be awarded for answers consisting entirely of limited descriptive points, with two such points required for 1 mark or where answers are vague or overgeneralised. A maximum of 3 marks should be awarded for responses that only refer to one locational factor. A maximum of 5 marks should be awarded for responses that only refer to two locational factors. A maximum of 7 marks should be awarded for responses that only refer to three locational factors. Candidates may make reference to relevant information from the atlas, eg hours of sunshine/latitude. (1 mark) Drainage The river on the western edge of the site could be used for a small-scale hydro scheme. (1 mark). The spring at 044577 could provide a reliable/cheap source of water for the project. (1 mark) Flattish land, to the north of site, with good drainage might be used for the area of organic/arable farming. (1 mark) Alternative site possible responses Responsible waste management away from rivers/coastal areas to reduce the risk of pollution. (1 mark) Linking in with the nearby sewage works at 0458 to deal with responsible waste management. (1 mark) Candidates may make reference to relevant information from the atlas, eg rainfall patterns/agricultural productivity. (1 mark) Site A flatter part of the site around the original farm buildings at 045576 would be ideal for the visitor centre and other environmentally responsible houses/buildings. (1 mark) Alternative site possible responses Use of a disused china clay pit could be used as an environmental way of redeveloping a site. (1 mark) A site chosen close to the coast could incorporate tidal power, as difference in tidal heights is shown. (1 mark) Page 05

Question General marking principles for this type of question Max mark Specific Marking Instructions for this question Or any other relevant point. See full-size version of a possible annotated Supplementary Item B at the end of this marking instructions grid. 1 b Candidates should identify from across the whole map extract other relevant physical, human and economic factors for their choice of location. Other physical factors not mentioned in part (a) may also be included. No marks for a simple list of factors that may influence location of an eco-centre. Avoid giving marks for candidate comments which are the opposite/reverse of points already credited. Candidates must use the OS map extract and/or atlas to provide named examples. There are a variety of ways for candidates to use OS map and atlas evidence in their responses, eg including written descriptions, appropriate grid references and place names. Candidate responses will depend on locations chosen. 10 Possible answers might include: The surrounding area is a popular coastal tourist location attracting many tourists who may also visit the eco-centre. (1 mark) One of the reasons it is so popular is that the atlas shows that weather/climate is amongst the sunniest/warmest in the British Isles. (1 mark) The SW of England has many areas of outstanding natural beauty and contains National Parks, eg Dartmoor and Exmoor which also attracts many people to the area. (1 mark) If the site is located close to the Eden Project then there is already a potential supply of visitors who are travelling to the area to visit the Eden Project. (1 mark) People will be coming from the local area and other areas of the UK so accessibility of the site is important, eg: If the site chosen was at Tregarrick Farm, visitors could arrive by rail from St Austell to the station at 047581 Luxulyan. (1 mark) From other areas of the UK, people will use the motorway/a-class road network to access the SW of England, eg M5, A390. (1 mark) Air access is possible through Exeter, Plymouth and Newquay. (1 mark) The education centre would benefit the local schools and communities as well as those further afield. (1 mark) Page 06

Question General marking principles for this type of question Max mark Specific Marking Instructions for this question Marks may be awarded as follows: For 1 mark, candidates should give one detailed comment. Detail should include reference to relevant location factors. A maximum of 4 marks should be awarded for responses that only refer in detail to one out of the three locational factors, ie physical/human/economic. Detail should include reference to two pieces of named map/atlas information. A maximum of 6 marks should be awarded for responses that only refer in detail to two out of the three location factors, ie physical/human/economic. Detail should include reference to four pieces of named map/atlas information. A maximum of 4 marks should be awarded for answers consisting entirely of limited descriptive points, with two such points required for 1 mark or where answers are vague or overgeneralised. For full marks, candidates should comment in detail on physical, human and economic factors and refer to six pieces of named map/atlas information. The development would have an effect on the local economy, not just in increasing the number of jobs locally, but the knock-on effect of additional money being injected into the local economy, eg restaurants, tea rooms, hotels, B&Bs, camping caravan sites. (1 mark) Closeness to towns would also be beneficial for selling items grown in the eco-centre as part of the organic farming programme. (1 mark) Biogas energy supplies are in the area in the form of animals (farms) and biodegradable waste from surrounding towns. (1 mark) Or any other relevant point. Page 07

Question General marking principles for this type of question 2 a Candidates should select an appropriate number of transects to test the hypothesis and draw these on the overlay. Marks may be awarded as follows: Max mark 2 Possible answers might include: Specific Marking Instructions for this question See full-size version of a possible beach profile map at the end of this marking instructions grid. For 1 mark, candidates should draw four to eight transects across the area of the beach. For 1 mark, candidates should space the four to eight transects at regular intervals perpendicular to the coastline. 2 b Candidates should comment on problems that might be encountered in gathering information. Marks may be awarded as follows: For 1 mark, candidates should give one detailed explanation. Detail should include relevant reasons for problems in gathering data. A maximum of 2 marks should be awarded for answers consisting entirely of limited descriptive points, with two such points required for 1 mark or where answers are vague or overgeneralised. 4 Possible answers might include: Where to locate samples along the transect to collect the most valid and reliable data. (1 mark) If data are to be collected from low tide point then data can only be collected from the time of low tide. (1 mark) Time of the year (spring/neap tides) and weather conditions immediately before sampling will affect results. All of the transects should be surveyed at the same time (on a single day). (1 mark) There will be variations in all parameters according to when the survey is conducted (eg winter or summer). Thus, the data obtained only gives a snap-shot of relationships that are valid for that time of year. (1 mark) It may be difficult to measure minor variations in beach profile accurately. However, minor variations may be important in the assessment of relationships. (1 mark) Safety considerations are a valid problem/issue. (1 mark) Page 08

Question General marking principles for this type of question Max mark Specific Marking Instructions for this question Human error/interference might alter/impact on the quality of results. (1 mark) Or any other relevant point. 2 c Candidates should explain how the gathered data from the beach analysis could be processed and presented. Candidates should explain effective ways of processing and presenting the data. Marks may be awarded as follows: For 1 mark, candidates should give one detailed explanation. Detail should include relevant reasons for choices of processing techniques or presentation methods. A maximum of 3 marks should be awarded for answers consisting only of points related only to processing techniques OR only to presentation methods. A maximum of 2 marks should be awarded for answers consisting entirely of limited descriptive points, with two such points required for 1 mark or where answers are vague or overgeneralised. 4 Possible answers may include: Detailed cross-sections across the beach at the location shown in 2(a) could be used to show changes in beach profile. (1 mark) This data could be presented on Supplementary Item C by annotating the base map to show differences in profile matching to the transects. (1 mark) Kite diagrams could be constructed to show changes in vegetation type from tidal limit to the back of the beach for each transect. (1 mark) This data could be presented alongside photographs of the various plant types. (1 mark) Detailed bar graphs/pie charts/divided bar graphs could be constructed and used to show changes in sediment size/shape. (1 mark) This data could be presented by superimposing the graphs onto the cross-sections to show linkages with the beach shape. (1 mark) Or any other relevant point. Page 09

Question General marking principles for this type of question 3 a Candidates should explain the distribution of settlements in Norway. Candidates may use either positive or negative factors. Avoid giving marks for candidate comments which are the opposite/reverse of points already credited. Candidates may use the atlas to provide named examples. Marks may be awarded as follows: For 1 mark, candidates should give one detailed explanation. Detail should include relevant factors that account for the distribution of settlements. A maximum of 2 marks should be awarded for answers consisting entirely of limited descriptive points, with two such points required for 1 mark or where answers are vague or overgeneralised. 3 b Candidates must evaluate the effectiveness of using proportional symbols to show settlement size. Avoid giving marks for candidate comments which are the opposite/reverse of points already credited. Max mark 5 Possible answers may include: Specific Marking Instructions for this question Many settlements are found along the coast. These will be harbours and ports for trade, fishing and ferry links, eg Bergen. (1 mark) Higher concentrations on the west coast and south west where land is flatter and lower-lying, providing good land for building/settlement. (1 mark) Employment opportunities on west/south west coast associated with oil exploration/development. (1 mark) Higher concentrations in the south east, close to the capital Oslo for political and administrative reasons. (1 mark) Few settlements are found in the north, where permafrost and extreme winter temperatures restrict opportunities. (1 mark) Within the Arctic Circle the long hours of winter darkness can have a psychological impact (seasonal affective disorder). (1 mark) The mountainous core of Norway greatly restricts the development of settlements. (1 mark) Or any other relevant point. 5 Possible answers might include: They very clearly depict spatial variation/distribution of settlements by size when used in conjunction with a base map of a country. (1 mark) They easily allow visual identification of the largest settlements by population, although care must be taken to use an appropriate scale. (1 mark) However, the actual size or importance of a city can be inflated Page 10

Question General marking principles for this type of question Max mark Specific Marking Instructions for this question Marks may be awarded as follows: For 1 mark, candidates should give one detailed evaluative point. Detail should include positive or negative attributes of proportional symbols. A maximum of 2 marks should be awarded for answers consisting entirely of limited descriptive points, with two such points required for 1 mark, or where answers are vague or overgeneralised. A maximum of 2 marks should be awarded for an answer which is descriptive and lacks evaluation of the use of proportional symbols. by the use of proportional symbols. (1 mark) They are more accurate than choropleth maps because they avoid averages for larger regional areas. (1 mark). To produce a proportional symbol requires a high degree of accuracy when calculating symbol size and drawing in the correct location, while other types of graphs may be more straightforward to draw. (1 mark) Some settlements may be lost due to clustering in areas of high population density, eg in the south around Oslo. (1 mark) Or any other relevant point. 3 c Candidates should explain any factors that could account for the proportion of land resources in Norway. Candidates may use either positive or negative factors. Avoid giving marks for candidate comments which are the opposite/reverse of points already credited. Candidates may use the atlas to provide named examples. 4 Possible answers might include: Only 2% of land in Norway is built-up, which is a consequence of the very low overall population density. Much of the population is concentrated in the south and along the coast. (1 mark) A large area of Norway, 76%, is classed as open firm ground or forest and therefore may not suitable for development. (1 mark) Only 3% of land is used for agriculture. This is a consequence of climate, particularly in the north where conditions are too extreme to permit productive farming. (1 mark) This is also a consequence of much of Norway having thin infertile soils podzol/gleys. (1 mark) 37% of land is forest. This land resource is more suited to the production of timber through forestry because most of Norway is mountainous with Page 11

Question General marking principles for this type of question Max mark Specific Marking Instructions for this question Marks may be awarded as follows: For 1 mark, candidates should give one detailed explanation. Detail should include relevant factors that account for the proportion of land resources in Norway. A maximum of 2 marks should be awarded for answers consisting entirely of limited descriptive points, with two such points required for 1 mark or where answers are vague or overgeneralised. steep slopes/thin soils. Trees are able to cope with such hostile conditions. (1 mark) Or any other relevant point. 3 d Candidates should account for the differences in the proportion of built-up land found in Oslo compared with Hedmark. Give credit for understanding proportional use. Candidates may use either positive or negative factors. Avoid giving marks for candidate comments which are the opposite/reverse of points already credited. Candidates may use the atlas to provide named examples. 6 Possible answers might include: Hedmark has a larger built-up area in total (480 km 2 ) than Oslo which is about (120 km 2 ). This is because Hedmark covers a much larger area than Oslo. (1 mark) Hedmark has about 50% of its total built-up area as roads; whereas Oslo has only about 25%. This is because Hedmark is a large rural area and so has more roads to link settlements. (1 mark) 50% of the built-up area in Oslo is residential compared with Hedmark, where only 20% is residential. This is because of lower population density in Hedmark compared to Oslo. (1 mark) According to the graph, Oslo has no leisure buildings while Hedmark has about 10%. This may be because the area within Oslo is relatively small and the graph is unable to show clearly the area within the county. (1 mark) According to the graph, Oslo has no built area for agriculture and fishing Page 12

Question General marking principles for this type of question Max mark Specific Marking Instructions for this question Marks may be awarded as follows: For 1 mark, candidates should give one detailed explanation. Detail should include relevant factors that account for differences between Oslo and Hedmark. A maximum of 2 marks should be awarded for answers consisting entirely of limited descriptive points, with two such points required for 1 mark or where answers are vague or overgeneralised. while Hedmark has about 10%. Hedmark is more rural and suited to farming, while Oslo has a large urban area including the capital city. (1 mark) Oslo has approximately 10% given over to industrial, commercial and service areas compared to 5% for Hedmark. This is because Hedmark is inland while Oslo has a coast with associated harbour facilities which encourages trade. (1 mark) Oslo has the capital city with its associated political, commercial and financial services. (1 mark) Or any other relevant point. Page 13

Supplementary Item B exemplar candidate response for Question 1 (a) and (b) (2 + 8 marks) Annotation based on the site drawn (1 mark) around Tregarrick Farm 045576 (1 mark) Drainage The river on the western edge of the site could be used for a small-scale hydro scheme. (1 mark) The spring at 044577 could provide a reliable/cheap source of water for the project. (1 mark) Altitude/Exposure The higher ground at this site would provide an uninterrupted wind supply which would be suitable for the generation of electricity wind power. (1 mark) Using my atlas it would seem that this location could take full advantage of the prevailing winds which would predominately be from the SW. (1 mark) Drainage/Site Flattish land, to the north of site, with good drainage might be used for the area of organic/arable farming. (1 mark) Site A flatter part of the site around the original farm buildings 045576 would be ideal for the visitor centre and other environmentally responsible houses/buildings. (1 mark) Aspect The south-facing aspect of this site would provide good insolation which would be good for solar power generation. (1 mark) From my atlas I can see that the SW of England has an annual average about 1500 hours of sunshine, amongst the highest average hours of sunshine in the British Isles. (1 mark) Page 14

Supplementary Item C exemplar candidate response for Question 2(a) (2 marks) The candidate has: drawn between four and eight transects across the area of the beach (1 mark) spaced the four to eight transects at regular intervals perpendicular to the coastline (1 mark) [END OF EXEMPLAR MARKING INSTRUCTIONS] Page 15